The Impacts of Self-Construal and Perceived Risk on Technology Readiness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Technology Readiness
2.2. Self-Construal
2.3. Perceived Risk
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Development of Stimulus Materials
3.2. Research Procedure
4. Results
4.1. Manipulation Check
4.2. Technology Readiness
4.3. Use Intention
4.4. Mediation Analysis
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Stimulus Materials
High risk condition | Low risk condition |
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References
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Characteristics | n | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Country | US | 149 | 52.5 |
Korean | 135 | 47.5 | |
Gender | Male | 140 | 49.3 |
Female | 144 | 50.7 | |
Age | 10–19 | 5 | 1.8 |
20–29 | 149 | 52.5 | |
30–39 | 50 | 17.6 | |
40–49 | 33 | 11.6 | |
50–59 | 26 | 9.2 | |
≥60 | 21 | 734 |
Variables | Items | Cronbach’s Alpha |
---|---|---|
Self-Construal | ||
Independent | “My personal identity, independent of others, is very important to me.” | 0.751 |
“I enjoy being unique and different from others.” | ||
“Being able to take care of myself is a primary concern for me.” | ||
“Speaking up in a work/task group/class is not a problem for me.” | ||
“Having a lively imagination is important to me.” | ||
“I’d rather say “no” directly than risk being misunderstood.“ | ||
“I am comfortable being singled out for praise or rewards.” | ||
“I am the same person at home that I am at school.” | ||
“I act the same way no matter who I am with.” | ||
“I feel comfortable using someone’s first name soon after I meet them, even when they are much older than I am.” | ||
“I prefer to be direct and forthright when dealing with people I’ve just met.” | ||
“I value being in good health above everything.” | ||
Interdependent | “My relationships with those in my group are more important than my personal accomplishments.” | 0.870 |
“My happiness depends on the happiness of those in my group.” | ||
“I am careful to maintain harmony in my group.” | ||
“I would sacrifice my self-interests for the benefit of my group.” | ||
“I will stay in a group if they need me, even if I’m not happy with the group.” | ||
“I should take into consideration my parents’ advice when making education and career plans.” | ||
“I respect decisions made by my group.” | ||
“If my brother or sisters fails, I feel responsible.” | ||
“I have respect for the authority figures with whom I interact.” | ||
“I would offer my seat on the bus to my professor.” | ||
“I respect people who are modest about themselves.” | ||
“Even when I strongly disagree with group members, I avoid an argument.” | ||
Technology Readiness | ||
Drivers | “Technological functions and services provided by mobile apps gives people more control over their daily lives.” | 0.883 |
“You prefer to use the most advanced technological functions and services provided by mobile apps available.” | ||
“Technological functions and services provided by mobile apps make you more efficient in your occupation.” | ||
“Learning about technology can be as rewarding as the technology itself.” | ||
“You keep up with the latest technological developments and the advanced services provided by mobile apps in your areas of interest.” | ||
“You enjoy the challenge of figuring out high-tech gadgets and new issues.” | ||
“You find you have fewer problems than other people in making technology work and advanced function of mobile apps for you.” | ||
Inhibitors | “Sometimes, you think that technology systems, functions and services are not designed for use by ordinary people.” | 0.814 |
“Many new technological functions and services provided by mobile apps have health or safety risks that are not discovered until after people have used them.” | ||
“Technology and advanced services provided by mobile apps always seems to fail at the worst possible time.” | ||
“You do not feel confident doing business with a place that can only be reached mobile apps.” | ||
“You do not consider it safe to do any kind of financial business mobile app.” | ||
“The human touch is very important when doing business with a company.” | ||
Perceived risk | “Using this mobile tour app causes me to be concerned with experiencing some kind of loss in the future.” | 0.749 |
“I am vulnerable to the actions conducted by this mobile tour app.” | ||
“The actions conducted by this mobile tour app may cause problems and uncertain consequences for me. ” | ||
Use intention | “I have a strong tendency to continuously use this mobile tour app.” | 0.792 |
“I would recommended this mobile tour app to my friends” | ||
“I would intend to get information from this mobile tour app.” |
Variables | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Independent self-construal | ||||
Interdependent self-construal | −0.045 | |||
Perceived risk level | 0.058 | −0.093 | ||
Technology readiness | 0.151 * | −0.103 | −0.389 ** | |
Use intention | 0.199 ** | −0.024 | −0.205 ** | 0.556 ** |
Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | Standard Error | Beta | |||
(Constant) | 0.513 | 0.137 | 0 | 3.753 | 0.000 |
Independent self-construal (A) | 1.231 | 0.213 | 0.404 | 5.767 | 0.000 |
Interdependent self-construal (B) | −0.685 | 0.135 | −0.366 | −5.082 | 0.000 |
Perceived risk level (C) | −1.564 | 0.196 | −0.406 | −7.977 | 0.000 |
A * C | −1.347 | 0.312 | −0.303 | −4.315 | 0.000 |
B * C | 0.764 | 0.192 | 0.289 | 3.984 | 0.000 |
Model | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | Standard Error | Beta | |||
(Constant) | 4.141 | 0.097 | 42.492 | 0.000 | |
Independent self-construal (A) | 0.833 | 0.152 | 0.417 | 5.469 | 0.000 |
Interdependent self-construal (B) | −0.294 | 0.096 | −0.239 | −3.056 | 0.002 |
Perceived risk level (C) | −0.545 | 0.140 | −0.216 | −3.895 | 0.000 |
A * C | −0.774 | 0.223 | −0.266 | −3.477 | 0.001 |
B * C | 0.441 | 0.137 | 0.255 | 3.225 | 0.001 |
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Choi, J.; Yoo, D. The Impacts of Self-Construal and Perceived Risk on Technology Readiness. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2021, 16, 1584-1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050089
Choi J, Yoo D. The Impacts of Self-Construal and Perceived Risk on Technology Readiness. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research. 2021; 16(5):1584-1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050089
Chicago/Turabian StyleChoi, Jaeun, and Dongho Yoo. 2021. "The Impacts of Self-Construal and Perceived Risk on Technology Readiness" Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 16, no. 5: 1584-1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050089
APA StyleChoi, J., & Yoo, D. (2021). The Impacts of Self-Construal and Perceived Risk on Technology Readiness. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1584-1597. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050089