Synthesis with Nitriles: Synthesis of Some New Mercaptopyridazine, Mercaptopyridazino[1,6-a]quinazoline and Thiophene Derivatives

Abstract

2-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-thiocyanatoethylidene)malononitrile (3) undergoes azo coupling with diazotized aromatic amines to afford arylhydrazone derivatives, which are readily cyclized to afford the corresponding 3(2H)-pyridazinimine derivatives upon reflux in aqueous NaOH. Under similar condition an o-cyanoarylhydrazone derivative was cyclized into 6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolin-6-imine, which in turn was easily transformed into 6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolin-6-one on reflux in ethanolic/HCl. Compound 3 afforded substituted 5-acetylthiophene derivatives upon reflux in AcOH/HCl mixtures.

Introduction

During the past few decades there has been increasing interest in the synthesis and properties of pyridazines, pyridazinones and pyridopyridazinones. Pyridazines and pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolines show diuretic [1], antihyprertensive [2,3], anticonvulsant, antispasmodic and muscle relaxant activities [3,4]. They inhibit blood platelet aggregation [5] and are active in the treatment of diabetic complications [6]. In addition, these compounds have been tested as cardiac [7] and tuberculostatic agents, as fungicides [4] and as herbicides [8]. Their use as antiasthmatics, analgesics and inflammation inhibitors has also claimed [9]. Recently, the pyridazinone nucleus has been extensively studied in a variety of medicinal agents [10], particularly as an important pharmacophore in the search for drugs acting on the cardiovascular system [11].

Continuing our interest in synthesis of pyridazines [12,13,14], some new functionally substituted pyridazine and pyridazinoquinazoline derivatives were required. 2-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-thiocyanato-ethylidene)malononitrile (3) seemed a good candidate to fulfil this objective via its coupling with the diazotized aromatic amines 4a-d to afford the arylhydrazone derivatives 5a-d, followed by cyclization to the pyridazines 6a-d (Scheme 1), by analogy with previously reported work on related systems [15,16].

Results and Discussion

It has been found that reaction of compound 1 with potassium thiocyanate in ethanol produced the thiocyanate derivative 2 in 80% yield. Compound 2 condensed with malononitrile in ethanol in the presence of piperidine to afford the Knoevenagel condensation product 3 in 74 % yield. Compound 3 undergoes azo coupling reaction with diazotized aromatic amines to afford the arylhydrazone derivatives 5a-g. Analytical and spectral data of these new arylhydrazone compounds were in complete agreement with the proposed structures. It had been previously reported [17] that similar systems could be cyclized in acidic media, however, in our hands prolonged reflux under such acidic conditions did not produce the desired pyridazine derivatives 6a-d, and we were only able to effect the cyclization of these arylhydrazone derivatives by refluxing in 20% ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution, although the SCN group was simultaneously hydrolysed to a SH group. Thus, compounds 5a-d were cyclized to give the corresponding 3(2H)-pyridazinimine derivatives 6a-d, respectively (Scheme 1). This cyclization is assumed to proceed via the hydrazonothiol intermediate, and the other possibility of cyclization to give the thiophene derivatives 7a-d was readily ruled out on the basis of the ¹H-NMR spectra of the products, which revealed the SH and NH signals at δ = 6.81 and 8.27 ppm, respectively, besides the aromatic protons at 7.52 ppm. In the case of compound 6d, the ¹³C-NMR and mass spectra were also in agreement with the proposed structure.

The arylhydrazone derivatives 5e underwent a cyclization reaction under conditions similar to those used for compounds 5a-d to afford the 2-mercapto-6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolin-6-imine derivative 8a, which was assumed to result from a double internal Michael addition of the NH to the neighboring CN group. The IR spectrum of 8a showed a broad NH absorption band at 3435, 3324 and a CN absorption band at 2224 cm^-1. Its ¹H-NMR spectrum revealed two singlets at 6.88 and 8.31 ppm, which were attributed to the SH and NH protons, respectively. The aromatic protons appeared at 7.72 ppm. The elemental analysis of 8a was in good agreement with the proposed structure.

Compounds 5f and 5g underwent a similar cyclization under the same conditions to produce the 2-mercapto-6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazolin-6-one derivative 8b, apparently via loss of water or methanol, respectively. The IR spectrum of 8b showed absorption bands at 2214 and 1674 cm^-1 corresponding to CN and C=O groups, respectively. The ¹H-NMR spectrum of 8b revealed only one proton singlet at 6.80 ppm, which was attributed to the SH group, in addition to the aromatic protons at 8.23 ppm. Compound 8b could be obtained quantitatively from 8a upon refluxing the latter in ethanolic hydrochloric acid solution. The two products were matched by mixed m.p. and TLC analysis.

Scheme 1. Reactivity of 2-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-2- thiocyanatoethylidene)malononitrile (3).

Scheme 1. Reactivity of 2-(1-(4-bromophenyl)-2- thiocyanatoethylidene)malononitrile (3).

On the other hand, thiophene derivative 9 could be obtained in quantitative yield from compound 3 by refluxing in AcOH/HCl mixture for 3 h. The IR spectrum of 9 showed absorption bands at 3402, 2221, 1680 cm^-1, corresponding to NH₂, CN and C=O groups, respectively. The ¹H-NMR spectrum of 9 revealed a singlet at 1.65 ppm (3H) and a singlet at 6.67 ppm (2H), which were attributed to the CH₃ and NH₂ groups, respectively, in addition to the four aromatic protons at 7.2 ppm. In the ¹³C-NMR of compound 9, 11 signals was found; the ones at 28.5, 114.4 and 186.1 ppm were attributed to the CH₃, CN and CO groups, respectively. A similar result was previously reported [18]. From these data the reaction product could be formulated as the 5-acetyl-2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile derivative 9. The elemental analysis of 9 was in good agreement with the proposed structure (Scheme 1).

Conclusions

Pyridazinimine derivatives 6, pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazoline 8 and 5-acetylthiophene derivative 9 have been synthesized in good yield via 2-thiocyanatoethylidene malononitrile (3).

Experimental

General

Melting points were measured on a Gallenkamp Electrothermal melting point apparatus and are uncorrected. IR spectra (KBr pellets) were recorded on a Pye Unicam SP 3-300 Spectrophotometer. NMR spectra were recorded in DMSO-d₆ on Varian Gemini 200/300 MHz NMR spectrometers using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal reference. Mass spectra were registered on a Shimadzu GCMS-QP 1000 Ex mass spectrometer at 70 eV. Elemental analyses were carried out at the Microanalytical Center of Cairo University.

1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-thiocyanatoethanone (2)

To a solution of 1 (10 mmol) in EtOH (60 mL) was added KSCN (10 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 1.5 h. The mixture was then poured on ice-cold water, the solid collected by filtration and recrystallized from EtOH to give yellow crystals, 80% yield, mp. 148-149^oC; IR (cm^-1): 2175 (SCN), 1680 (CO); ¹H-NMR δ: 5.07 (s, 2H, CH₂), 7.77 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H-3´,5´), 7.94 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H-2´,6´); ¹³C-NMR δ: 41.56 (CH₂), 112.75 (SCN), 128.51 (C-4´), 130.54 (C-2´, 6´), 132.03 (C-3´, 5´), 133.35 (C-1´), 190.67 (C-1); MS: 256 (M⁺⁷⁹Br, 14%); 258 (M⁺+2 ⁸¹Br, 13%); Anal. Calcd. for C₉H₆BrNOS (256.12): C, 42.21; H, 2.36; N, 5.47. Found: C, 42.51; H, 2.65; N, 5.70.

2-(1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-thiocyanatoethylidene)malononitrile (3)

A mixture of 2 (10 mmol) and malononitrile (10 mmol) was refluxed in EtOH (30 mL) in the presence of piperidine (2 mL) for 3 h, then left to cool at room temperature and the solid product was collected by filtration, washed with EtOH and recrystallized from EtOH to give green crystals, 74 % yield, mp. 258-260^oC; IR (cm^-1): 2210 (CN), 2175 (SCN); ¹H-NMR δ: 5.41 (s, 2H, CH₂), 7.64-7.72 (m, 4H, Ar-H); MS: 304 (M⁺⁷⁹Br, 56%); 306 (M⁺ +2 ⁸¹Br, 53%); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₂H₆BrN₃S (304.17): C, 47.38; H, 1.99; N, 13.81. Found: C, 47.67; H, 2.31; N, 14.15.

General procedure for preparation of arylhydrazone derivatives 5a-g

To a stirred cold solution of 3 (10 mmol) and sodium acetate (10 g) in EtOH (50 mL) or pyridine (25 mL) was added dropwise over about 30 minutes a cold solution of a diazotized amine (aniline, 4-chloro-, 4-methyl-, 4-methoxyaniline, anthranilic acid, methyl anthranilate or anthranilonitrile, 10 mmol). The stirring was continued for 1h more. The coloured solids were collected by filtration, washed with cold water, and recrystallized from EtOH or 1:1 EtOH/DMF to afford 5a-g, respectively.

2-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-(phenylhydrazono)-2-thiocyanatoethylidene] malononitrile (5a): Brown crystals (78%); mp. 204-206oC; IR (cm-1): 44308, 3310 (NH), 2214 (CN), 2178 (SCN); 1H-NMR δ: 7.34-7.60 (m, 5H, Ar-H), 7.82 (d, 2H, J = 8Hz, Ar-H), 7.95 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 9.90 (s, 1H, NH).; MS: 408 (M+, 79Br, 38%); 410 (M++2, 81Br, 35%); Anal. Calcd. for C18H10BrN5S (408.28): C, 52.95; H, 2.47; N, 17.15. Found: C, 53.23; H, 2.71; N, 16.98.

2-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazono]-2-thiocyanatoethylidene] malononitrile (5b): Yellow solid (81%); mp. 210-212^oC; IR (cm^-1): 4388, 3330 (NH), 2218 (CN), 2175 (SCN); ¹H-NMR δ: 7.27-7.31 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.39-7.43 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 9.95 (bs, 1H, NH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₉BrClN₅S (442.72): C, 48.83; H, 2.05; N, 15.82. Found: C, 49.12; H, 2.11; N, 16.17.

2-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-thiocyanato-2-(p-tolylhydrazono)ethylidene] malononitrile (5c): Yellow solid (74%); mp. 218-219^oC; IR (cm^-1): 4395, 3318 (NH), 2221 (CN), 2177 (SCN); ¹H-NMR δ: 2.27 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.10 (d, 2H, J = 9Hz, Ar-H), 7.47 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 7.64 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 7.92 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 9.65 (s, 1H, NH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₉H₁₂BrN₅S (422.30): C, 54.04; H, 2.86; N, 16.58. Found: C, 54.34; H, 3.12; N, 16.44.

2-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazono]-2-thiocyanatoethylidene] malononitrile (5d): Yellow solid (74%); mp. 214-216^oC; IR (cm^-1): 4395, 3325 (NH), 2224 (CN), 2174 (SCN); ¹H-NMR δ: 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH₃), 7.02 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 7.44 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 7.49 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 7.91 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 11.05 (s, 1H, NH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₉H₁₂BrN₅OS (438.30): C, 52.07; H, 2.76; N, 15.98. Found: C, 52.37; H, 3.03; N, 16.24.

2-[1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-[(2-cyanophenyl)hydrazono]-2-thiocyanatoethylidene] malononitrile (5e): Yellow solid (71%); mp. 205-207^oC; IR (cm^-1): 4385, 3330 (NH), 2220, 2212 (CN), 2177 (SCN); ¹H-NMR δ: 7.49-7.65 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.74-8.30 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 10.95 (s, 1H, NH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₉H₉BrN₆S (433.29): C, 52.67; H, 2.09; N, 19.40. Found: C, 52.39; H, 2.33; N, 19.24.

2-[N'-[2-(4-Bromophenyl)-3,3-dicyano-1-thiocyanatoethylidene] hydrazono]benzoic acid methyl ester (5f): Yellow solid (77%); mp. 199-201^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3439, 3310 (NH), 2210 (CN), 2175 (SCN), 1668 (CO) cm^-1; ¹H-NMR δ: 2.62 (s, 3H, CH₃), 7.27-7.49 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.65-8.30 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 11.10 (s, 1H, NH). MS: 465 (M⁺-1,⁷⁹Br, 31%); 467 (M⁺+1, ⁸¹Br, 32%); Anal. Calcd. for C₂₀H₁₂BrN₅O₂S (466.31): C, 51.51; H, 2.59; N, 15.02. Found: C, 51.72; H, 2.71; N, 15.30.

2-[ N'-[2-(4-bromophenyl)-3,3-dicyano-1-thiocyanatoallylidene]hydrazino)benzoic acid (5g): Yellow solid (70%); mp. 225-227^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3414, 3335 (NH), 2214 (CN), 2178 (SCN), 1685 (CO); ¹H-NMR δ: 7.09-7.49 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.65-7.98 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 10.66 (s, 1H, NH), 14.03 (s, 1H, COOH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₉H₁₀BrN₅O₂S (452.29): C, 50.46; H, 2.23; N, 15.48. Found: C, 50.81; H, 2.11; N, 15.61.

General procedure for preparation of compounds 6a-d and 8a,b

To a solution of each of 5a-g (10 mmol) in EtOH (25 mL) was added 20% aqueous NaOH solution (10 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h, then left to cool. The precipitated solid products formed were collected by filtration, washed with cold water, and recyrstallized from EtOH or 1:1 EtOH/DMF to afford 6a-d and 8a, b respectively.

5-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-imino-6-mercapto-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carbonitrile (6a): Brown crystals (70%), mp. 233-235^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3404, 3318 (NH), 2206 (CN); ¹H-NMR δ: 6.09 (s, 1H, SH), 7.14-7.42 (m, 2H, Ar-H), 7.52-7.60 (m, 3H, Ar-H), 7.75 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 8.17 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 8.33 (s, 1H, NH); MS: 383 (M⁺,⁷⁹Br, 19%); 385 (M⁺+2, ⁸¹Br, 18%); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₇H₁₁BrN₄S (383.27): C, 53.27; H, 2.89; N, 14.62. Found: C, 53.33; H, 2.73; N, 14.53.

5-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-imino-6-mercapto-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carbonitrile (6b): Brown crystals (64%), mp. 263-265^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3400, 3322 (NH), 2209 (CN); ¹H-NMR δ: 6.45 (s, 1H, SH), 7.54 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 7.67 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H), 7.89-8.10 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 8.29 (s, 1H, NH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₇H₁₀BrClN₄S (417.71): C, 48.88; H, 2.41; N, 13.41. Found: C, 48.69; H, 2.54; N, 13.77.

5-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-imino-6-mercapto-2-p-tolyl-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carbonitrile (6c): Brown crystals (64%), mp. 245-247^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3390, 3332 (NH), 2212 (CN); ¹H-NMR δ: 2.34 (s, 3H, CH₃), 5.87 (s, 1H, SH), 7.24 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 7.44 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 7.61 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 8.26 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 8.39 (s, 1H, NH); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₁₃BrN₄S (397.29): C, 54.42; H, 3.30; N, 14.10. Found: C, 54.75; H, 3.56; N, 14.34.

5-(4-bromophenyl)-3-imino-6-mercapto-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3dihydropyridazine-4-carbonitrile (6d): Brown crystals (69%), mp. 249-251^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3395, 3320 (NH), 2208 (CN); ¹H-NMR δ: 3.65 (s, 3H, OCH₃), 6.80 (s, 1H, SH), 7.26-7.87 (m, 8H, Ar-H), 8.27 (s, 1H, NH); ¹³C-NMR δ: 55.48 (OCH₃), 89.81 (C-4), 112.43 (CN), 114.83 (C-3´5´), 115.93 (C-4´´), 118.59 (C-2´, 6´), 126.20 (C-2´´,6´´), 129.84 (C-3´´,5´´), 132.08 (C-1´´), 141.88 (C-1´), 148.97 (C-6), 155.42 (C-4´), 159.76 (C-5), 161.46 (C-3); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₁₃BrN₄OS (413.29): C, 52.31; H, 3.17; N, 13.56. Found: C, 52.45; H, 3.28; N, 13.84.

3-(4-Bromophenyl)-6-imino-2-mercapto-6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazoline-4-carbonitrile (8a): Dark brown solid (59%), mp. 314-316^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3435 (NH), 2224 (CN); ¹H-NMR δ: 6.88 (s, 1H, SH), 7.20 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H10), 7.55-7.58 (m, 1H, Ar-H8), 7.68 (d, 1H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H7), 7.77 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H, 2´, 6´), 7.96-7.99 (m, 1H, Ar-H9), 8.24 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H, 3´, 5´), 8.31 (s, 1H, NH); ¹³C-NMR δ: 105.46 (C-4), 116.20 (CN), 121.06 (C-10), 122.08 (C-6a), 125.53 (C-4´), 126.50 (C-7), 126.58 (C-2´, 6´), 128.97 (C-8), 129.98 (C-3´, 5´), 135.64 (C-9), 140.90 (C-1´), 141.22 (C-10a), 150.97 (C-2), 155.80 (C-3), 156.42 (C-4a), 161.95 (C-6); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₁₀BrN₅S (408.27): C, 52.95; H, 2.47; N, 17.15. Found: C, 52.79; H, 2.69; N, 17.34.

3-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-mercapto-6-oxo-6H-pyridazino[1,6-a]quinazoline-4-carbonitrile (8b): Violet crystals (77%), mp. 277-279^oC; IR (cm^-1): 2214 (CN), 1674 (C=O); ¹H-NMR δ: 6.80 (s, 1H, SH), 7.61-7.66 (m, 1H, Ar-H10), 7.81-7.87 (m, 1H, Ar-H8), 7.91-7.99 (m, 1H, Ar-H9), 8.09 (d, 2H, J = 8 Hz, Ar-H, 2´,6´), 8.20-8.31 (m, 1H, Ar-H7), 8.86 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H 3´,5´); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₈H₉BrN₄OS (409.26): C, 52.83; H, 2.22; N, 13.69. Found: C, 53.12; H, 2.44; N, 14.04.

Transformation of 8a into 8b (General procedure)

To a solution of 8a (50 mmol) in ethanol (25 mL) was added concentrated HCl (5 mL) and the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and neutralized with ammonia. The solid formed were collected by filtration and recrystalized from EtOH/DMF (1:1) to afford products identical in all respects (mp, mixed mp and TLC) with 8b.

5-Acetyl-2-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)thiophene-3-carbonitrile (9)

To a solution of 3 (50 mmol) in acetic acid (25 mL) was added concentrated HCl (10 mL) and the mixture was refluxed for 3 h. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted with cold water and neutralized with ammonia. The solid formed was collected by filtration and recrystalized from EtOH/DMF (1:1) to afford 9. Yellow crystals (65%), mp. 237-239^oC; IR (cm^-1): 3402 (NH₂), 2221 (CN), 1680 (C=O); ¹H-NMR δ: 1.65 (s, 3H, CH₃), 6.67 (s, 2H, NH₂), 7.08 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H), 7.39 (d, 2H, J = 9 Hz, Ar-H); ¹³C-NMR δ: 28.54 (CH₃), 88.59 (C-3), 114.47 (C-3´,5´), 114.68 (CN), 118.20 (C-4´), 127.92 (C-2´,6´), 132.21 (C-5), 135.20 (C-1´), 147.45 (C-2), 159.37 (C-4), 186.15 (CO); MS: 321 (M⁺); Anal. Calcd. for C₁₃H₉BrN₂OS (321.19): C, 48.61; H, 2.82; N, 8.72. Found: C, 48.87; H, 3.12; N, 8.89.