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Volume 32
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10.21775/cimb.032.087
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Current Issues in Molecular Biology is published by MDPI from Volume 43 Issue 1 (2021). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Caister Press.
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Review

Signal Transduction of Streptococci by Cyclic Dinucleotide Second Messengers

by
Zhengyi Li
1,
Xueqin Zhang
1,
Lei Cheng
1,2,
Xin Xu
1,2,
Xuedong Zhou
1,2,
Hui Wu
3 and
Xian Peng
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
3
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Dentistry, Birmingham, AL, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2019, 32(1), 87-122; https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.087
Submission received: 7 March 2019 / Revised: 8 April 2019 / Accepted: 11 May 2019 / Published: 5 June 2019
Versions Notes

Abstract

Since the discovery of cyclic dimeric guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-GMP) in 1987, the role of cyclic dinucleotides in signal pathways has been extensively studied. Many receptors and effectors of cyclic dinucleotides have been identified which play important roles in cellular processes. Example of such effectors include cyclic dimeric adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-AMP)-binding proteins and endoplasmic reticulum membrane adaptor. Accumulating evidence indicate that cyclic dinucleotides act as second messengers that not only regulate the bacterial physiological processes but also affect host immune responses during infections. Streptococci species, which produce cyclic dinucleotides, are responsible for many human diseases. Numerous studies suggest that the cyclic dinucleotides are vital in signal transduction pathways as second messengers and influence the progression of infectious diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular principles of cyclic dinucleotides synthesis and degradation and discuss recent progress on streptococcal signal transduction pathways by cyclic dinucleotide second messengers and their role in regulating host immune reaction. This review will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of streptococcal cyclic dinucleotide second messengers thereby revealing novel targets for preventing infections.
Keywords: signal; transduction; streptococci; cyclic; dinucleotide; second; messengers signal; transduction; streptococci; cyclic; dinucleotide; second; messengers

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Zhang, X.; Cheng, L.; Xu, X.; Zhou, X.; Wu, H.; Peng, X. Signal Transduction of Streptococci by Cyclic Dinucleotide Second Messengers. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2019, 32, 87-122. https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.087

AMA Style

Li Z, Zhang X, Cheng L, Xu X, Zhou X, Wu H, Peng X. Signal Transduction of Streptococci by Cyclic Dinucleotide Second Messengers. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2019; 32(1):87-122. https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.087

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zhengyi, Xueqin Zhang, Lei Cheng, Xin Xu, Xuedong Zhou, Hui Wu, and Xian Peng. 2019. "Signal Transduction of Streptococci by Cyclic Dinucleotide Second Messengers" Current Issues in Molecular Biology 32, no. 1: 87-122. https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.087

APA Style

Li, Z., Zhang, X., Cheng, L., Xu, X., Zhou, X., Wu, H., & Peng, X. (2019). Signal Transduction of Streptococci by Cyclic Dinucleotide Second Messengers. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 32(1), 87-122. https://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.032.087

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