Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Correlation of Biomarkers
3.2. Comparison of Geometric Least Squares Means (LSM) by Demographic Characteristics
3.3. Biomarker Level Distributions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Smoking Frequency | Sample Size | Urinary Anabasine (% >2 ng/mL) | Urinary Anatabine (% >2 ng/mL) | Serum Cotinine (% >10 ng/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Daily + non-daily | 770 | 80% | 85% | 97% |
Daily | 721 | 86% | 91% | 100% |
Non-daily | 49 | 45% | 53% | 80% |
References
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Demographic Group | Sample Size | Percent (SE) |
---|---|---|
All | 770 | 100 |
Age | ||
18–29 | 153 | 25.2 (1.6) |
30–44 | 227 | 29.4 (2.5) |
45–59 | 239 | 31.4 (3.2) |
60+ | 151 | 14.0 (1.0) |
Education | ||
<High School | 234 | 25.7 (3.2) |
High School/GED | 226 | 29.7 (2.5) |
Some College | 245 | 32.3 (2.2) |
≥Bachelor’s | 65 | 12.3 (2.2) |
Race/Hispanic Origin | ||
Non-Hispanic White | 410 | 69.8 (3.1) |
Non-Hispanic Black | 187 | 14.5 (2.3) |
Hispanic | 99 | 8.6 (2.1) |
Other/Multiracial | 74 | 7.1 (1.0) |
Sex | ||
Female | 352 | 47.3 (2.6) |
Male | 418 | 52.7 (2.6) |
Weight Status | ||
Underweight/Healthy | 277 | 34.8 (2.8) |
Overweight | 245 | 32.9 (2.0) |
Obesity | 248 | 32.3 (3.6) |
CPD | ||
1–9 (<0.5 pack) | 289 | 37.2 (2.9) |
10–19 (0.5–<1 pack) | 287 | 35.8 (1.6) |
20+ (≥1 pack) | 194 | 27.0 (2.4) |
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Bendik, P.B.; Rutt, S.M.; Pine, B.N.; Sosnoff, C.S.; Blount, B.C.; Zhu, W.; Feng, J.; Wang, L. Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 9744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159744
Bendik PB, Rutt SM, Pine BN, Sosnoff CS, Blount BC, Zhu W, Feng J, Wang L. Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(15):9744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159744
Chicago/Turabian StyleBendik, Patrick B., Sharyn M. Rutt, Brittany N. Pine, Connie S. Sosnoff, Benjamin C. Blount, Wanzhe Zhu, June Feng, and Lanqing Wang. 2022. "Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15: 9744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159744
APA StyleBendik, P. B., Rutt, S. M., Pine, B. N., Sosnoff, C. S., Blount, B. C., Zhu, W., Feng, J., & Wang, L. (2022). Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9744. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159744