Current Oncology

16 pages, 312 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Narrative Review on the Collection and Use of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in Cancer Survivorship Care with Emphasis on Symptom Monitoring

by Corina J. G. van den Hurk, Floortje Mols, Manuela Eicher, Raymond J. Chan, Annemarie Becker, Gijs Geleijnse, Iris Walraven, Annemarie Coolbrandt, Maryam Lustberg, Galina Velikova, Andreas Charalambous, Bogda Koczwara, Doris Howell, Ethan M. Basch and Lonneke V. van de Poll-Franse

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4370-4385; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060349 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5109

Abstract

Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) applications promise great added value for improving symptom management and health-related quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the collection and use of ePROs for cancer survivorship care, with an emphasis on ePRO-symptom monitoring. [...] Read more.

Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) applications promise great added value for improving symptom management and health-related quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the collection and use of ePROs for cancer survivorship care, with an emphasis on ePRO-symptom monitoring. It offers many different perspectives from research settings, while current implementation in routine care is ongoing. ePRO collection optimizes survivorship care by providing insight into the patients’ well-being and prioritizing their unmet needs during the whole trajectory from diagnosis to end-of-life. ePRO-symptom monitoring can contribute to timely health risk detection and subsequently allow earlier intervention. Detection is optimized by automatically generated alerts that vary from simple to complex and multilayered. Using ePRO-symptoms during in-hospital consultation enhances the patients’ conversation with the health care provider before making informed decisions about treatments, other interventions, or self-management. ePRO(-symptoms) entail specific implementation issues and complementary ethics considerations. The latter is due to privacy concerns, digital divide, and scarcity of adequately representative data for particular groups of patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Survivorship Research, Practice and Policy)

16 pages, 616 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

A Pan-Canadian Consensus Statement on First-Line PARP Inhibitor Maintenance for Advanced, High-Grade Serous and Endometrioid Tubal, Ovarian, and Primary Peritoneal Cancers

by Anna V. Tinker, Alon D. Altman, Marcus Q. Bernardini, Prafull Ghatage, Lilian T. Gien, Diane Provencher, Shannon Salvador, Sarah Doucette and Amit M. Oza

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4354-4369; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060348 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3822

Abstract

The majority of patients with advanced, high-grade epithelial-tubo ovarian cancer (EOC) respond well to initial treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy; however, up to 80% of patients will experience a recurrence. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been established as a standard of care maintenance therapy [...] Read more.

The majority of patients with advanced, high-grade epithelial-tubo ovarian cancer (EOC) respond well to initial treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy; however, up to 80% of patients will experience a recurrence. Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have been established as a standard of care maintenance therapy to prolong remission and prevent relapse following a response to first-line platinum-chemotherapy. Olaparib and niraparib are the PARP inhibitors currently approved for use in the first-line maintenance setting in Canada. Selection of maintenance therapy requires consideration of patient and tumour factors, presence of germline and somatic mutations, expected drug toxicity profile, and treatment access. This paper discusses the current clinical evidence for first-line PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy in patients with advanced, high-grade EOC and presents consensus statements and a treatment algorithm to aid Canadian oncologists on the selection and use of PARP inhibitors within the Canadian EOC treatment landscape. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gynecologic Oncology)

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12 pages, 1628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Oncology Urgent Care Clinic for the Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events: A Descriptive Analysis

by Kai-li Liang, Sean Tackett, Samantha Myers, Julie R. Brahmer, Ilene S. Browner, David S. Ettinger, Patrick M. Forde, Russell K. Hales, Christine L. Hann, Vincent K. Lam, Kristen A. Marrone, Tricia Patel, Valerie Peterson, Sarah Sagorsky, Michelle Turner, Khinh R. Voong, Jarushka Naidoo and Josephine L. Feliciano

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4342-4353; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060347 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3528

Abstract

Introduction: With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for cancer, there is a growing burden on the healthcare system to provide care for the toxicities associated with these agents. Herein, we aim to identify and describe the distribution of encounters seen [...] Read more.

Introduction: With the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for cancer, there is a growing burden on the healthcare system to provide care for the toxicities associated with these agents. Herein, we aim to identify and describe the distribution of encounters seen in an urgent care setting for immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and the clinical outcomes from irAE management. Methods: Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment data were collected retrospectively from encounters at an oncology Urgent Care Clinic (UCC) from a single tertiary center for upper aerodigestive malignancies from 1 July 2018 to 30 June 2019. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics with odds ratios for associations between patient features and hospitalization after UCC evaluation. Results: We identified 494 encounters from 289 individual patients over the study period. A history of ICI therapy was noted in 34% (n = 170/494) of encounters and 29 encounters (29/170, 17%) were confirmed and treated as irAEs. For those treated for irAEs, the majority (n = 19/29; 66%) were discharged home. Having an irAE was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization compared to non-irAEs (OR 5.66; 95% CI 2.15–14.89; p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this single institution experience, the majority of UCC encounters for confirmed irAEs were safely managed within the UCC. In ICI-treated patients, having an irAE was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization versus non-irAEs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Oncology)

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10 pages, 841 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Outcomes of Geriatric Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

by Chern-Horng Lee, Tzung-Hai Yen and Sen-Yung Hsieh

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4332-4341; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060346 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2260

Abstract

Background: The treatment modalities and outcomes of geriatric patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. This retrospective observational cohort study compared the outcomes of HCC between geriatric and younger patients. Methods: The medical records of patients with HCC managed between January 2001 and [...] Read more.

Background: The treatment modalities and outcomes of geriatric patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. This retrospective observational cohort study compared the outcomes of HCC between geriatric and younger patients. Methods: The medical records of patients with HCC managed between January 2001 and December 2017 were retrieved from the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Research Database. Patients were stratified by age into two groups: a geriatric group (65–75 years) and a younger group (<65 years). The two groups were matched through 1:2 propensity score matching (PSM) according to sex, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular attack, diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hypertension. Results: Of the 11,033 patients with HCC, 2147 patients aged 65–75 years and 4294 patients aged <65 years were identified after 1:2 PSM. The Kaplan–Meier model revealed that the HCC outcomes in patients older than 65 years were not significantly different after 3 years (p = 0.060). Consistent results were also obtained when the laboratory data associated with HCC incidence were included in the Fine–Gray competing risk model after 1:2 PSM (p = 0.1695). The major risk factors for HCC survival were systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) ≥ 610 × 10⁹ cells/L, advanced tumor stage, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, etc. Conclusion: Age was not an independent factor for mortality in patients with HCC in the first 3 years. Geriatric patients with HCC should be as aggressively managed as younger patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Approaches in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Surveillance to Treatment)

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17 pages, 2167 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A 3-miRNA Signature Enables Risk Stratification in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients with Different Clinical Outcomes

by Vivi Bafiti, Sotiris Ouzounis, Constantina Chalikiopoulou, Eftychia Grigorakou, Ioanna Maria Grypari, Gregory Gregoriou, Andreas Theofanopoulos, Vasilios Panagiotopoulos, Evangelia Prodromidi, Dionisis Cavouras, Vasiliki Zolota, Dimitrios Kardamakis and Theodora Katsila

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4315-4331; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060345 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2645

Abstract

Malignant gliomas constitute a complex disease phenotype that demands optimum decision-making as they are highly heterogeneous. Such inter-individual variability also renders optimum patient stratification extremely difficult. microRNA (hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-21) expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, upon FFPE tissue sample collection of glioblastoma [...] Read more.

Malignant gliomas constitute a complex disease phenotype that demands optimum decision-making as they are highly heterogeneous. Such inter-individual variability also renders optimum patient stratification extremely difficult. microRNA (hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-21) expression levels were determined by RT-qPCR, upon FFPE tissue sample collection of glioblastoma multiforme patients (n = 37). In silico validation was then performed through discriminant analysis. Immunohistochemistry images from biopsy material were utilized by a hybrid deep learning system to further cross validate the distinctive capability of patient risk groups. Our standard-of-care treated patient cohort demonstrates no age- or sex- dependence. The expression values of the 3-miRNA signature between the low- (OS > 12 months) and high-risk (OS < 12 months) groups yield a p-value of <0.0001, enabling risk stratification. Risk stratification is validated by a. our random forest model that efficiently classifies (AUC = 97%) patients into two risk groups (low- vs. high-risk) by learning their 3-miRNA expression values, and b. our deep learning scheme, which recognizes those patterns that differentiate the images in question. Molecular-clinical correlations were drawn to classify low- (OS > 12 months) vs. high-risk (OS < 12 months) glioblastoma multiforme patients. Our 3-microRNA signature (hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-10a) may further empower glioblastoma multiforme prognostic evaluation in clinical practice and enrich drug repurposing pipelines. Full article

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15 pages, 435 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Female Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Attitude towards Breast Cancer, and Perceived Barriers towards Mammogram Screening: A Multicenter Study in North Saudi Arabia

by Anfal Mohammed Alenezi, Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu, Farooq Ahmed Wani, Hadil Alenezi, Muhannad Faleh Alanazi, Abdulaziz Saud Alruwaili, Rasha Harbi Alashjaee, Faisal Harbi Alashjaee, Abdulaziz Khalid Alrasheed and Bandar Dhaher Alshrari

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4300-4314; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060344 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3835

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude towards breast cancer, and barriers to mammogram screening among 414 randomly selected female healthcare workers [...] Read more.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries. This analytical cross-sectional study assessed knowledge, attitude towards breast cancer, and barriers to mammogram screening among 414 randomly selected female healthcare workers from multiple healthcare facilities in northern Saudi Arabia. Of the studied population, 48.6% had low knowledge, and 16.1% had a low attitude towards breast cancer risk factors and symptoms. The common barriers to mammogram screening were fear to discover cancer (57.2%) and apprehension regarding radiation exposure (57%). Logistic regression analysis found that lack of awareness regarding mammogram was significantly associated with age (p = 0.030) and healthcare workers category (ref: physicians: p = 0.016). In addition, we found a significant negative correlation between knowledge and barrier scores (Spearman’s rho: −0.315, p < 0.001). It is recommended to develop target-oriented educational programs for the healthcare workers, which would empower them to educate the community regarding the risk factors and the importance of mammogram screening. Furthermore, a prospective study is warranted in other regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to understand the region-specific training needs for the healthcare workers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Breast Cancer Imaging and Therapy)

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15 pages, 805 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Web-Based Peer Navigation for Men with Prostate Cancer and Their Family Caregivers: A Pilot Feasibility Study

by Jacqueline L. Bender, Parminder K. Flora, Shimae Soheilipour, Mihaela Dirlea, Nandini Maharaj, Lisa Parvin, Andrew Matthew, Charles Catton, Leah Jamnicky, Philip Pollock, Winkle Kwan, Antonio Finelli and Arminée Kazanjian

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4285-4299; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060343 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3637

Abstract

This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability and potential effects of True North Peer Navigation (PN)—a web-based peer navigation program for men with prostate cancer (PC) and their family caregivers. A one-arm, pre-post pilot feasibility study was conducted at two cancer centres in Canada. [...] Read more.

This study assessed the feasibility, acceptability and potential effects of True North Peer Navigation (PN)—a web-based peer navigation program for men with prostate cancer (PC) and their family caregivers. A one-arm, pre-post pilot feasibility study was conducted at two cancer centres in Canada. Participants were matched through a web-app with a specially trained peer navigator who assessed needs and barriers to care, provided support and encouraged a proactive approach to health for 3 months. Descriptive statistics were calculated, along with paired t-tests. True North PN was feasible, with 57.9% (84/145) recruitment, 84.5% (71/84) pre-questionnaire, 77.5% (55/71) app registration, 92.7% (51/55) match and 66.7% (34/51) post-questionnaire completion rates. Mean satisfaction with Peer Navigators was 8.4/10 (SD 2.15), mean program satisfaction was 6.8/10 (SD 2.9) and mean app usability was 60/100 (SD 14.8). At 3 months, mean ± SE patient/caregiver activation had improved by 11.5 ± 3.4 points (p = 0.002), patient quality of life by 1.1 ± 0.2 points (p < 0.0001), informational support by 0.4 ± 0.17 points (p = 0.03), practical support by 0.5 ± 0.25 points (p = 0.04) and less need for support related to fear of recurrence among patients by 0.4 ± 19 points (p = 0.03). The True North web-based peer navigation program is highly feasible and acceptable among PC patients and caregivers, and the associated improvements in patient and caregiver activation are promising. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to determine effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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11 pages, 1425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prognostic and Predictive Relevance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Squamous Cell Head–Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Radical Radiotherapy/Chemo-Radiotherapy

by Ioannis M. Koukourakis, Anastasia G. Gkegka, Erasmia Xanthopoulou, Christos Nanos, Alexandra Giatromanolaki and Michael I. Koukourakis

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4274-4284; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060342 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2487

Abstract

Microenvironmental conditions control the entrance and thriving of cytotoxic lymphocytes in tumors, allowing or preventing immune-mediated cancer cell death. We investigated the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in the outcome of radiotherapy in a series of squamous cell head–neck tumors (HNSCC). Moreover, [...] Read more.

Microenvironmental conditions control the entrance and thriving of cytotoxic lymphocytes in tumors, allowing or preventing immune-mediated cancer cell death. We investigated the role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in the outcome of radiotherapy in a series of squamous cell head–neck tumors (HNSCC). Moreover, we assessed the link between markers of hypoxia and TIL density. One-hundred twenty-one patients with HNSCC treated prospectively with radical radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy were analyzed. The assessment of TIL density was performed on hematoxylin and eosin biopsy sections before radiotherapy. TIL density ranged from 0.8 to 150 lymphocytes per ×40 optical field (median 27.5). Using the median value, patients were grouped into two categories of low and high TIL density. Early T-stage tumors had a significantly higher TIL density (p < 0.003), but we found no association with N-stage. Overexpression of HIF1α, HIF2α, and CA9 was significantly linked with poor infiltration by TILs (p < 0.03). A significant association of high TIL density with better disease-specific overall survival and improved locoregional relapse-free survival was noted (p = 0.008 and 0.02, respectively), which was also confirmed in multivariate analysis. It is concluded that HNSCC phenotypes that allow for the intratumoral accumulation of lymphocytes have a better outcome following radical radiotherapy/chemo-radiotherapy. Intratumoral-activated HIF- and CA9-related pathways characterize immunologically cold tumors and may be used as targets for therapeutic interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy)

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7 pages, 2778 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Immunotherapy as a Neoadjuvant Therapy for a Patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Pretransplant Setting: A Case Report

by Maen Abdelrahim, Abdullah Esmail, Godsfavour Umoru, Kiersten Westhart, Ala Abudayyeh, Ashish Saharia and Rafik M. Ghobrial

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4267-4273; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060341 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3110

Abstract

Systemic combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factors have provided the basis for improved outcomes in select patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. However, for patients with resectable disease, surgery alone or an orthotopic liver transplant remains the [...] Read more.

Systemic combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and vascular endothelial growth factors have provided the basis for improved outcomes in select patients with unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. However, for patients with resectable disease, surgery alone or an orthotopic liver transplant remains the standard of care. Within the realms of transplant oncology, neoadjuvant systemic therapy is currently being evaluated as a potential strategy to improve outcomes in patients with HCC. Here, we report excellent response with significant downstaging in a safe manner after neoadjuvant treatment with atezolizumab and bevacizumab in a patient diagnosed with poorly differentiated HCC. As a result of the significant response observed with safe outcomes, the patient was listed for orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) evaluation and transplanted successfully. Full article

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7 pages, 521 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extra-Pleural Pneumonectomy (EPP) in Children and Adults with Locally Advanced Sarcoma: A CanSaRCC Study

by Caroline Rodrigues, Hagit Peretz Soroka, Agostino Pierro, Reto M. Baertschiger, Marcelo Cypel, Laura Donahoe, Derek S. Tsang, John Cho, Marc De Perrot, Thomas K. Waddell and Abha A. Gupta

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4260-4266; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060340 - 15 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2477

Abstract

Sarcoma can present as locally advanced disease involving pleura for which extra-pleural pneumonectomy (EPP) may be the only surgical option to ensure adequate local control. Data were collected on patients who underwent EPP between January 2009 and August 2021 at Princess Margret Hospital [...] Read more.

Sarcoma can present as locally advanced disease involving pleura for which extra-pleural pneumonectomy (EPP) may be the only surgical option to ensure adequate local control. Data were collected on patients who underwent EPP between January 2009 and August 2021 at Princess Margret Hospital and SickKids (Toronto) using the CanSaRCC (Canadian Sarcoma Research and Clinical Collaboration). Ten patients with locally advanced sarcoma involving the pleura, aged 4 to 59 years (median 19.5 years) underwent EPP. Nine (90%) received pre-operative chemotherapy and eight (80%) achieved an R0 resection. Hemithoracic radiation was administered preoperatively (n = 6, 60%) or postoperatively (n = 4, 40%). Five (50%) patients were alive without disease at last follow-up (median 34.2 months) and time from EPP to last FU was median 29.2 months (range 2.2–87.5). Two patients (20%) had local recurrence, 4.3 and 5.8 months from EPP, and both died from progressive disease, 13.1 and 8.2 months from EPP, respectively. One patient died from brain metastasis (17 months), one died from radiation associated osteosarcoma (66 months), and one died from surgical complications (heart failure from constrictive pericarditis). EPP offers a feasible and life-prolonging surgical consideration for patients with locally advanced sarcoma involving the pleura in combination with chemotherapy and radiation. Consequently, EPP should be considered during multi-disciplinary tumor board discussions at high-volume centers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy)

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15 pages, 984 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Lenalidomide Maintenance in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis and Trial-Sequential Analysis

by Tsung-Ying Yu, Hong-Jie Jhou, Po-Huang Chen and Cho-Hao Lee

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4245-4259; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060339 - 14 Jun 2022

Viewed by 2514

Abstract

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disease in adults. Despite durable responses and sustained remission rates to frontline therapy, CLL is still incurable within standard therapy and eventually relapses. Maintenance therapies aim to achieve deep remission. However, the efficacy and [...] Read more.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common lymphoproliferative disease in adults. Despite durable responses and sustained remission rates to frontline therapy, CLL is still incurable within standard therapy and eventually relapses. Maintenance therapies aim to achieve deep remission. However, the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide maintenance are still debated. Randomized controlled trials published before March 2022 were retrieved from databases. Primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Trial sequential analysis examined analytical power in primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were Grade 3–4 neutropenia, treatment discontinuation (TD), serious adverse events (SAE), and fatal adverse events (FAE). Hazard (HR) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Four articles (733 patients) met the selection criteria. Lenalidomide maintenance was associated with a statistically significant effect in prolonging PFS (HR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28–0.68; I² = 57%) and higher proportion of SAE (OR 4.64; 95% CI 2.96–7.26; I² = 0%) and exhibited no difference in OS (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.29–1.30; I² = 52%) observation/placebo. It showed no significant difference compared with observation/placebo regarding Grade 3–4 neutropenia (OR 2.30; 95% CI 0.84–6.28; I² = 81%), TD (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.29–1.99; I² = 84%), and FAE (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.28–2.63; I² = 0%). Lenalidomide maintenance can prolong PFS in CLL. Further studies should verify its effect on OS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Therapy and Outcome)

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10 pages, 610 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retrospective Analysis of Emotional Burden and the Need for Support of Patients and Their Informal Caregivers after Palliative Radiation Treatment for Brain Metastases

by Jamie Lütscher, Christa Hauswirth Siegenthaler, Caroline Hertler, David Blum, Paul Windisch, Renate Grathwohl Shaker, Christina Schröder and Daniel Rudolf Zwahlen

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4235-4244; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060338 - 11 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2037

Abstract

Cancer burdens not only the patients themselves but also their personal environment. A few studies have already focused on the mental health and personal needs of caregivers of patients. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to further assess the emotional burden and [...] Read more.

Cancer burdens not only the patients themselves but also their personal environment. A few studies have already focused on the mental health and personal needs of caregivers of patients. The purpose of this retrospective analysis was to further assess the emotional burden and unmet needs for support of caregivers in a population of brain metastasis patients. In the time period 2013–2020, we identified 42 informal caregivers of their respective patients after palliative radiation treatment for brain metastases. The caregivers completed two standardized questionnaires about different treatment aspects, their emotional burden, and unmet needs for support. Involvement of psycho-oncology and palliative care was examined in a chart review. The majority of the caregivers (71.4%, n = 30) suffered from high emotional burden during cancer treatment of their relatives and showed unmet needs for emotional and psychosocial support, mostly referring to information needs and the involvement in the patient’s treatment decisions. Other unmet needs referred to handling personal needs and fears of dealing with the sick cancer patient in terms of practical care tasks and appropriate communication. Palliative care was involved in 30 cases and psycho-oncology in 12 cases. There is a high need for emotional and psychosocial support in informal caregivers of cancer patients. There might still be room for an improvement of psychosocial and psycho-oncological support. Care planning should cater to the emotional burden and unmet needs of informal caregivers as well. Further prospective studies in larger samples should be performed in order to confirm this analysis. Full article

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11 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Review of Trastuzumab Biosimilars in Early Breast Cancer and Real World Outcomes of Neoadjuvant MYL-1401O versus Reference Trastuzumab

by Charlie Yang, Raida Khwaja, Patricia Tang, Nancy Nixon, Karen King and Sasha Lupichuk

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4224-4234; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060337 - 11 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3052

Abstract

The reduced cost of trastuzumab biosimilars has led to increased adoption for HER2-positive breast cancer. This review of trastuzumab biosimilars encompasses this development and real world clinical data in early breast cancer. In addition, we present a retrospective study evaluating the total pathological [...] Read more.

The reduced cost of trastuzumab biosimilars has led to increased adoption for HER2-positive breast cancer. This review of trastuzumab biosimilars encompasses this development and real world clinical data in early breast cancer. In addition, we present a retrospective study evaluating the total pathological complete response (tpCR) rates (lack of residual invasive cancer in resected breast tissue and axillary nodes), of MYL-1401O to reference trastuzumab (TRZ) in the neoadjuvant setting for HER2+ early breast cancer (EBC) in Alberta, Canada. Neoadjuvant patients with HER2+ EBC treated with TRZ from November 2018–October 2019 and MYL-1401O from December 2019–September 2020 were identified. Logistic regression was used to control for variables potentially associated with tpCR: trastuzumab product, age, pre-operative T- and N-stage, grade, hormone receptor (HR)-status, HER2-status, chemotherapy regimen, and chemotherapy completion. tpCR was 35.6% in the MYL-1401O group (n = 59) and 40.3% in the TRZ (n = 77) group, p = 0.598. After controlling for clinically relevant variables, there was no significant difference in the odds of achieving tpCR in patients treated with TRZ versus MYL-1401O (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.5–2.4, p = 0.850). tpCR rates were similar for patients treated with MYL-1401O compared to trastuzumab in our real world study of HER2+ neoadjuvant EBC and comparable to pivotal phase 3 trials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolving Paradigm of Curative Intent Breast Cancer Management)

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Open AccessArticle

Artificial Intelligence System for Predicting Prostate Cancer Lesions from Shear Wave Elastography Measurements

by Ciprian Cosmin Secasan, Darian Onchis, Razvan Bardan, Alin Cumpanas, Dorin Novacescu, Corina Botoca, Alis Dema and Ioan Sporea

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4212-4223; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060336 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3665

Abstract

(1) Objective: To design an artificial intelligence system for prostate cancer prediction using the data obtained by shear wave elastography of the prostate, by comparing it with the histopathological exam of the prostate biopsy specimens. (2) Material and methods: We have conducted a [...] Read more.

(1) Objective: To design an artificial intelligence system for prostate cancer prediction using the data obtained by shear wave elastography of the prostate, by comparing it with the histopathological exam of the prostate biopsy specimens. (2) Material and methods: We have conducted a prospective study on 356 patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy, for suspicion of prostate cancer. All patients were examined using bi-dimensional shear wave ultrasonography, which was followed by standard systematic transrectal prostate biopsy. The mean elasticity of each of the twelve systematic biopsy target zones was recorded and compared with the pathological examination results in all patients. The final dataset has included data from 223 patients with confirmed prostate cancer. Three machine learning classification algorithms (logistic regression, a decision tree classifier and a dense neural network) were implemented and their performance in predicting the positive lesions from the elastographic data measurements was assessed. (3) Results: The area under the curve (AUC) results were as follows: for logistic regression—0.88, for decision tree classifier—0.78 and for the dense neural network—0.94. Further use of an upsampling strategy for the training set of the neural network slightly improved its performance. Using an ensemble learning model, which combined the three machine learning models, we have obtained a final accuracy of 98%. (4) Conclusions: Bi-dimensional shear wave elastography could be very useful in predicting prostate cancer lesions, especially when it benefits from the computational power of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Screening, Diagnosis and Theragnosis Using Artificial Intelligence)

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13 pages, 287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cancer Patients’ Experiences with Telehealth before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in British Columbia

by Sara Izadi-Najafabadi, Lisa McQuarrie, Stuart Peacock, Ross Halperin, Leah Lambert, Craig Mitton and Helen McTaggart-Cowan

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4199-4211; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060335 - 10 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2957

Abstract

Background: Patients have had their cancer care either postponed or changed to telehealth visits to reduce exposure to COVID-19. However, it is unclear how these changes may have affected their experiences. We aim to identify patient characteristics that affect telehealth experiences and evaluate [...] Read more.

Background: Patients have had their cancer care either postponed or changed to telehealth visits to reduce exposure to COVID-19. However, it is unclear how these changes may have affected their experiences. We aim to identify patient characteristics that affect telehealth experiences and evaluate their preferences for using telehealth in the future. Methods: Patients who completed the Outpatient Cancer Care (OCC) Patient Experience Survey were invited to participate. They comepleted the modified OCC Survey, which focused on telehealth during the pandemic. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify patient characteristics that influenced telehealth experiences and preferences for future telehealth use. Results: Perceived ease of participation in telehealth is a significant predictor of the change in patients’ ratings of their telehealth experience. We found that cancer patients had lower preferences for using telehealth in the future if they were older, female, or non-white; resided in an urban area; had no previous telehealth experience; had lower education; and had poorer mental health. Conclusions: To optimize cancer care and improve equitable access to high-quality telehealth care during the pandemic and beyond, clinicians and policymakers will need to consider patients’ self-reported experiences and their personal characteristics. Full article

14 pages, 629 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current and Future Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Jong Chul Park, Hari N. Krishnakumar and Srinivas Vinod Saladi

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4185-4198; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060334 - 8 Jun 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4319

Abstract

With the introduction of immunotherapy, significant improvement has been made in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a small subset of patients with HNSCC benefit from immunotherapy. The current biomarker, a programmed cell death protein ligand 1 [...] Read more.

With the introduction of immunotherapy, significant improvement has been made in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, only a small subset of patients with HNSCC benefit from immunotherapy. The current biomarker, a programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression that is widely used in treatment decision making for advanced HNSCC, has only a moderate predictive value. Additionally, PD-L1-based assay has critical inherent limitations due to its highly dynamic nature and lack of standardization. With the advance in molecular techniques and our understanding of biology, more reliable, reproducible, and practical novel biomarkers are being developed. These include but are not limited to neoantigen/mutation characteristics, immune transcriptomes, tumor-infiltrating immune cell composition, cancer epigenomic, proteomics and metabolic characteristics, and plasma-based and organoid assays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck)

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7 pages, 2197 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

A Case Study of Clinical Response to Rucaparib in a Patient with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and a RAD51B Alteration

by Brieuc Sautois, Andrea Loehr, Simon P. Watkins, Hélène Schroeder and Wassim Abida

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4178-4184; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060333 - 8 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2422

Abstract

PARP inhibitors, such as rucaparib, have been well characterized in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) associated with BRCA alterations, and the clinical activity of these agents has also been evaluated in patients with mCRPC associated with alterations in other non-BRCA DNA damage repair [...] Read more.

PARP inhibitors, such as rucaparib, have been well characterized in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) associated with BRCA alterations, and the clinical activity of these agents has also been evaluated in patients with mCRPC associated with alterations in other non-BRCA DNA damage repair (DDR) genes, including RAD51B. There is likely a differential sensitivity to PARP inhibition based on the specific DDR gene altered, but research in this area is limited because of the low frequency of alterations in these genes. Here, we describe a mCRPC patient with a truncating rearrangement of RAD51B who had a radiographic and PSA response when treated with the PARP inhibitor rucaparib within the TRITON2 trial. We investigated the patients’ response parameters, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) fraction and tumor genomics longitudinally, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of tissue and plasma. ctDNA fraction correlates with radiographic and PSA response and is lower during times of response. NGS did not reveal any potential genomic mechanism of acquired drug resistance. This case shows evidence for rucaparib activity in a rare patient with mCRPC and a RAD51B truncation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)

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23 pages, 931 KiB

Open AccessReview

Minimally Invasive Interventional Procedures for Metastatic Bone Disease: A Comprehensive Review

by Nicolas Papalexis, Anna Parmeggiani, Giuliano Peta, Paolo Spinnato, Marco Miceli and Giancarlo Facchini

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4155-4177; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060332 - 7 Jun 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4692

Abstract

Metastases are the main type of malignancy involving bone, which is the third most frequent site of metastatic carcinoma, after lung and liver. Skeletal-related events such as intractable pain, spinal cord compression, and pathologic fractures pose a serious burden on patients’ quality of [...] Read more.

Metastases are the main type of malignancy involving bone, which is the third most frequent site of metastatic carcinoma, after lung and liver. Skeletal-related events such as intractable pain, spinal cord compression, and pathologic fractures pose a serious burden on patients’ quality of life. For this reason, mini-invasive treatments for the management of bone metastases were developed with the goal of pain relief and functional status improvement. These techniques include embolization, thermal ablation, electrochemotherapy, cementoplasty, and MRI-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound. In order to achieve durable pain palliation and disease control, mini-invasive procedures are combined with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or analgesics. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recently published literature regarding interventional radiology procedures in the treatment of cancer patients with bone metastases, focusing on the efficacy, complications, local disease control and recurrence rate. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Bone Metastasis)

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7 pages, 1900 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Growing Teratoma Syndrome in the Setting of Sarcoidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

by Adel Shahnam, Robyn Sayer, Unine Herbst, Raghwa Sharma, Won-hee Yoon, Tim Dinihan and Bo Gao

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4148-4154; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060331 - 7 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2381

Abstract

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is rare and can mimic disease recurrence in patients with a history of immature teratoma. Benign hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy found on staging and surveillance computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) may lead to the presumption of metastatic malignancy. [...] Read more.

Growing teratoma syndrome (GTS) is rare and can mimic disease recurrence in patients with a history of immature teratoma. Benign hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy found on staging and surveillance computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) may lead to the presumption of metastatic malignancy. We report a case of a 38 year old with mixed mature and immature teratomas who developed new peritoneal masses after adjuvant chemotherapy despite a normalization of tumor markers. In addition to low FDG uptake observed in these peritoneal masses, a PET scan showed hypermetabolic lymphadenopathy and pulmonary and spleen lesions suggesting widespread metastases. Subsequent surgical resection confirmed a mixed pathology with GTS and sarcoidosis. We reviewed the current literature evidence of GTS and sarcoidosis as a benign cause of lymphadenopathy in cancer patients. We emphasize the importance of a tissue diagnosis before instituting therapy for presumed cancer recurrence to avoid potentially fatal diagnostic traps and management errors. A multiple disciplinary team approach is imperative in managing patients with suspected recurrent immature teratomas. Full article

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10 pages, 794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sunitinib-Induced Elevation of Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)—Exploring Its Possible Clinical Relevance in Cancer Patients

by Michal Rihacek, Iveta Selingerova, Ivo Kocak, Ilona Kocakova, Eva Rihackova, Dalibor Valik and Jaroslav Sterba

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4138-4147; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060330 - 7 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2419

Abstract

Sunitinib is a broad-spectrum multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor mainly used as second-line therapy for non-resectable gastrointestinal stromal or first-line treatment option of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and as an “off-label” option in pediatric oncology. It has been previously reported that sunitinib elevates [...] Read more.

Sunitinib is a broad-spectrum multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor mainly used as second-line therapy for non-resectable gastrointestinal stromal or first-line treatment option of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and as an “off-label” option in pediatric oncology. It has been previously reported that sunitinib elevates the mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes (MCV) in treated subjects. The aim of this study was to assess time-dependent changes of this effect and evaluate its possible clinical relevance. In this study, 179 adult and 21 pediatric patients with solid tumors treated with sunitinib were retrospectively analyzed. The laboratory and treatment-related data were collected for each treatment period. The regression model with a broken-line relationship was used to fit time dependence of the MCV. In the adult group, the MCV was increasing during the first 21.6 weeks (median) of treatment in a median level of 99.8 fL, where it stabilized. MCV increase was faster in the patients who suffered from treatment-related adverse events (21.3 vs. 24.6 weeks, p = 0.010). In the pediatric cohort, the MCV dynamics were similar to adults. In conclusion, MCV changes during sunitinib treatment in pediatric and adult patients may be of clinical utility in monitoring sunitinib treatment course. Full article

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13 pages, 692 KiB

Open AccessReview

Evolving Role of Risk Tailored Therapy in Early Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Canadian Perspective

by Sharon F. McGee, Mark Clemons and Marie-France Savard

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4125-4137; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060329 - 6 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3288

Abstract

The advent of HER2-targeted therapies has led to an important shift in the management of HER2-positive early breast cancer. However, initial treatment approaches apply uniform treatment regimens to all patients, with significant treatment-related and financial toxicities for both the patient and the health [...] Read more.

The advent of HER2-targeted therapies has led to an important shift in the management of HER2-positive early breast cancer. However, initial treatment approaches apply uniform treatment regimens to all patients, with significant treatment-related and financial toxicities for both the patient and the health care system. Recent data demonstrates that for many patients, the chemotherapy backbone, duration and nature (mono- versus dual-targeted therapy) of the HER2 blockade can be better targeted to an individual patient’s risk of recurrence. We will provide a review of current data supporting risk tailored therapy in early stage HER2-positive breast cancer along with key completed and ongoing Canadian and international risk tailored trials. Neoadjuvant systemic therapy should now be considered for patients with clinical stage 2 disease, with greater use of non-anthracycline based chemotherapy regimens. Patients with residual disease following neoadjuvant therapy should be considered for escalated treatment with adjuvant T-DM1. Patients with stage I disease can often be managed with upfront surgery and evidence-based de-escalated adjuvant chemotherapy regimens. The modest benefit of 12- versus 6 months of adjuvant HER2 therapy and/or dual adjuvant HER2 therapy should be carefully weighed against the toxicities. All patients with HER2-positive breast cancer should be enrolled in ongoing risk tailored treatment trials whenever possible. Increasing data supports risk tailored therapy in early stage HER2-positive breast cancer in place of the routine application of aggressive and toxic systemic therapy regimens to all patients. While much progress has been made towards treatment de-escalation in appropriate patients, more is needed, as we highlight in this review. Indeed, Canadian-led clinical trials are helping to lead these efforts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolving Paradigm of Curative Intent Breast Cancer Management)

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8 pages, 1020 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Refractory Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Responsive to Combination Venetoclax and Bortezomib (Velcade) (V²) Therapy

by Kyle C. Roche, Peter A. DeRosa, Min-Ling Liu, Victor E. Nava and Anita Aggarwal

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4117-4124; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060328 - 6 Jun 2022

Viewed by 2339

Abstract

Standard treatment regimens for the management of patients with refractory splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) are currently unavailable. Here, we report a case of SMZL, which, after failing multiple therapeutics, demonstrated an impressive clinical response to combined Venetoclax and Velcade (V²), [...] Read more.

Standard treatment regimens for the management of patients with refractory splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) are currently unavailable. Here, we report a case of SMZL, which, after failing multiple therapeutics, demonstrated an impressive clinical response to combined Venetoclax and Velcade (V²), a treatment combination currently being investigated in the setting of refractory multiple myeloma. We also report a unique histopathology and mutational profile that may have important implications for the characterization and prognosis of SMZL. Full article

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13 pages, 663 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adults Treated for Childhood Cancer

by Asmaa Janah, Nadia Haddy, Charlotte Demoor-Goldschmidt, Nicolas Bougas, Jacqueline Clavel, Claire Poulalhon, Brigitte Lacour, Vincent Souchard, Angela Jackson, Leonie Casagranda, Claire Berger, Rodrigue Allodji, Chiraz El Fayech, Brice Fresneau, Florent De Vathaire and Agnes Dumas

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4104-4116; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060327 - 6 Jun 2022

Viewed by 2003

Abstract

Background: Compared with the general population, childhood cancer survivors (CCS) could be at greater risk of psychological distress following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This cross-sectional study assessed the psychological consequences of COVID-19 on the mental health of CCS. Design and [...] Read more.

Background: Compared with the general population, childhood cancer survivors (CCS) could be at greater risk of psychological distress following the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: This cross-sectional study assessed the psychological consequences of COVID-19 on the mental health of CCS. Design and participants: In December 2020, we interviewed through an online self-report questionnaire, 580 5-year CCS participating in the French Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (FCCSS) cohort. Methods: We first compared the mental health score of CCS with that observed in the French general population of the same age and gender. Subsequently, we studied predictors of the mental health score of CCS. Results: External comparisons revealed that the mental health score of CCS was similar to that of the general population. Among CCS, almost 42% stated that their psychological state had been worse during the lockdown. Predictors of poorer mental health included, among others, female gender, reporting a change in the occupational situation, having a relative who had been hospitalized or had died following COVID-19, and a greater perceived infection risk. Interpretation and Implications: Given the pre-existing vulnerability of some CCS to mental distress, the additional psychological consequences of COVID-19 in vulnerable survivors should receive attention from health care providers. Full article

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14 pages, 1195 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Weight Gain after Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

by Archita Goyal, Gabrielle E. Milner, Ashley Cimino-Mathews, Kala Visvanathan, Antonio C. Wolff, Dipali Sharma and Jennifer Y. Sheng

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4090-4103; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060326 - 6 Jun 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3596

Abstract

Obesity following breast cancer diagnosis is associated with poor overall survival. Understanding weight trajectories will help inform breast cancer survivors at greater risk of weight gain, and those who would benefit from earlier anti-obesity interventions. We performed a retrospective chart review of women [...] Read more.

Obesity following breast cancer diagnosis is associated with poor overall survival. Understanding weight trajectories will help inform breast cancer survivors at greater risk of weight gain, and those who would benefit from earlier anti-obesity interventions. We performed a retrospective chart review of women from the Breast Cancer Program Longitudinal Repository (BCPLR) at Johns Hopkins diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive Stage I-III breast cancer from 2010 to 2020. We investigated obesity (measured by body mass index [BMI]) over time, patient and tumor characteristics, as well as treatment and recurrence. We observed a significant ≥5% increase in BMI from diagnosis to most recent follow-up (p = 0.009), particularly among those who were overweight at diagnosis (p = 0.003). Additionally, among those up to 5 years since diagnosis, there was a significant association between experiencing a ≥0.1 kg/m² increase per year since diagnosis and baseline BMI status (p = 0.009). A ≥0.6 kg/m² decrease in BMI was observed for participants with obesity at diagnosis (p = 0.006). Our study highlights (i) the significant burden of obesity in women with a history of breast cancer and (ii) higher risks for increases in BMI and shifts in class of obesity among women who are overweight at diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Oncology)

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9 pages, 1374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does Systemic Chemotherapy Influence Skeletal Growth of Young Osteosarcoma Patients as a Treatment-Related Late Adverse Effect?

by Manabu Hoshi, Naoto Oebisu, Tadashi Iwai, Yoshitaka Ban and Hiroaki Nakamura

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4081-4089; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060325 - 4 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2092

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of systemic chemotherapy on the skeletal growth of young osteosarcoma patients as a treatment-related late adverse effect. We reviewed the height data of 20 osteosarcoma patients (13 males and 7 females) aged ≤18 [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of systemic chemotherapy on the skeletal growth of young osteosarcoma patients as a treatment-related late adverse effect. We reviewed the height data of 20 osteosarcoma patients (13 males and 7 females) aged ≤18 years. The average (±SD) age at diagnosis was 14.5 (±3.3) years. The average follow-up interval was 89.6 months. After wide resection of the affected bones, reconstruction with tumor prostheses and auto-bone grafting was carried out in 11 and 9 cases, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the association between actual and predicted (using Paley’s multiplier method) heights. Z-scores were used to compare the initial and final heights with the Japanese national growth curve. Actual and predicted heights were correlated according to Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R = 0.503). Z-analysis showed that statistical significance (p = 0.04) was noted for the height data Z-scores of patients between ≤10 years and >10 years at the final follow-up. Systemic chemotherapy did not reduce skeletal growth in young osteosarcoma patients as a late adverse effect based on two different evaluation methods. However, patients aged ≤10 years at diagnosis may develop a short stature after systemic chemotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Treatment and Management)

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13 pages, 1915 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Secondary Malignancy in Giant Cell Tumor: A Single-Center Study

by Min Wook Joo, Yong-Suk Lee, Hong Sik Park, Yang-Guk Chung and Chiyoung Yoon

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4068-4080; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060324 - 2 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2423

Abstract

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) undergoes a sarcomatous transformation. Secondary malignancy in giant cell tumor (MGCT) is associated with radiotherapy and has a dismal prognosis. We reviewed medical records to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of MGCT patients. The enrollment criterion [...] Read more.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) undergoes a sarcomatous transformation. Secondary malignancy in giant cell tumor (MGCT) is associated with radiotherapy and has a dismal prognosis. We reviewed medical records to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of MGCT patients. The enrollment criterion was high-grade spindle-cell sarcoma, which developed at the site of prior GCTB treatment. Twelve patients were analyzed: six females and six males. The median age was 42.5 years. Benign recurrence occurred in five GCTB patients not treated with radiotherapy. No pulmonary implants were observed. The median latency to the malignant transformation was 63 months. Nine patients were AJCC stage IIB, and three were stage IVA. The median follow-up period after malignant transformation was 62.5 months. Five patients developed local recurrence, and six had distant metastasis. Five-year overall recurrence and metastasis-free survival rates were 61.9%, 66.7%, and 58.3%, respectively. Initial metastasis was a predictive factor for overall survival. Benign local recurrence of GCTB was also a negative factor for metastasis-free survival of MGCT patients. Differences in overall survival according to benign recurrence also showed a tendency toward significance. In our series, secondary MGCT did not occur after radiotherapy. The prognosis was better than previous findings. Benign recurrence of GCTB could reflect the prognosis of MGCT. Full article

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14 pages, 328 KiB

Open AccessReview

Oncology Healthcare Professionals’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Leeat Granek and Ora Nakash

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4054-4067; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060323 - 2 Jun 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3766

Abstract

The paper begins by reviewing the literature on oncology healthcare professionals’ (HCP) mental health. We summarize and present the current data on HCP mental health in order to understand the baseline state of oncology HCPs’ mental health status prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. [...] Read more.

The paper begins by reviewing the literature on oncology healthcare professionals’ (HCP) mental health. We summarize and present the current data on HCP mental health in order to understand the baseline state of oncology HCPs’ mental health status prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. At each juncture, we will discuss the implications of these mental health variables on the personal lives of HCPs, the healthcare system, and patient care. We follow by reviewing the literature on these parameters during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on the overall mental health of HCPs working in oncology. By reviewing and summarizing the data before and after the start of the pandemic, we will get a fuller picture of the pre-existing stressors facing oncology HCPs and the added burden caused by pandemic-related stresses. The second part of this review paper will discuss the implications for the oncology workforce and offer recommendations based on the research literature in order to improve the lives of HCPs, and in the process, improve patient care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mental Health and Well-Being of Oncology Providers)

20 pages, 644 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Setting Priorities for a Provincial Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program

by Julian Surujballi, Grace Chan, Caron Strahlendorf and Amirrtha Srikanthan

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4034-4053; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060322 - 1 Jun 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2509

Abstract

Adolescent and young adult (AYA, ages 15–39 years) oncology patients are an underserved population with specialized needs. AYA programs are absent from most Canadian centers. We identified a priority list and sequence for new programs to address. Program goals, priorities, and activities were [...] Read more.

Adolescent and young adult (AYA, ages 15–39 years) oncology patients are an underserved population with specialized needs. AYA programs are absent from most Canadian centers. We identified a priority list and sequence for new programs to address. Program goals, priorities, and activities were developed through literature review, national consensus documents, and expert opinion. Health care providers (HCPs) involved in AYA cancer care, administrators, and patient and family representatives were engaged to co-develop program goals and activities. A modified Delphi technique was used through two iterations followed by an in-person meeting to prioritize program implementation. Consensus was defined as a mean score of less than 2.0 (not important) or 4.0 or greater (important). Items without consensus (scored between 2.0 and 3.99) were discussed at the in-person meeting. Sixty provincial stakeholders completed the Delphi survey across multiple disciplines. Twenty-seven stakeholders attended the in-person meeting. All goals were deemed important, except development of a research program. Patient implementation tasks ranked highest. Priority sequence of implementation was: patient care first, followed by HCP education; patient and family education; program sustainability plan; evaluation; research; then a model for multidisciplinary tumor board review. These represent key goals for new AYA oncology programs and a priority sequence of implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology—Ongoing Challenges and Developments in the Future)

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14 pages, 1929 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promising Therapeutic Impact of a Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulator, Fulvestrant, as Demonstrated In Vitro upon Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines

by Kamrunnahar Shanta, Kentaro Nakayama, Mohammad Mahmud Hossain, Sultana Razia, Tomoka Ishibashi, Masako Ishikawa, Hitomi Yamashita, Kosuke Kanno, Seiya Sato, Satoru Nakayama, Yoshiro Otsuki and Satoru Kyo

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4020-4033; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060321 - 1 Jun 2022

Viewed by 3002

Abstract

Few studies have reported hormonal agent use in the treatment of low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs), which are chemoresistant. Considering the need for novel effective therapies, we investigated the hormone receptor expression and hormonal inhibition efficacy in LGSOCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the [...] Read more.

Few studies have reported hormonal agent use in the treatment of low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs), which are chemoresistant. Considering the need for novel effective therapies, we investigated the hormone receptor expression and hormonal inhibition efficacy in LGSOCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the estrogen receptor (ER) expression status in 33 cases of histologically confirmed serous ovarian tumors, including 10, 11, and 12 cases of LGSOCs, serous borderline tumors (SBTs), and serous cystadenomas (SCAs), respectively. The genetic background reported in our previous study was used in the current study. MPSC1 cells, which were established from LGSOCs, were used in cell proliferation assays. We observed a higher ER expression in LGSOCs and SBTs than in SCAs (70%, 81%, and 50%, respectively). Thus, LGSOCs and SBTs exhibit higher ER expression than SCAs. Moreover, the PIK3CA mutation positively correlated with ER expression in LGSOCs (p = 0.0113). MPSC1 cells showed low ER expression on Western blotting. MPSC1 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by fulvestrant (a selective ER downregulator). The activation of ER and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways may play an important role in LGSOC carcinogenesis. ER downregulation with fulvestrant or combination therapy with PI3K inhibitors is a possible novel treatment for patients with LGSOCs. Full article

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8 pages, 763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retrospective Analysis of the Development of Human Thyroglobulin during Pregnancy in Patients with Treated Non-Recurrent Differentiated Thyroid Cancer

by Justus Baumgarten, Christian Happel, Daniel Groener, Jennifer Staudt, Benjamin Bockisch, Amir Sabet, Frank Grünwald and Thomas Rink

Curr. Oncol. 2022, 29(6), 4012-4019; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29060320 - 31 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2147

Abstract

Aim: Therapy success in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy (RIT) is proven by permanent decrease in human thyroglobulin (hTg) to <1 ng/mL. In this retrospective analysis hTg development before, during and after pregnancy were analyzed. Material and [...] Read more.

Aim: Therapy success in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy (RIT) is proven by permanent decrease in human thyroglobulin (hTg) to <1 ng/mL. In this retrospective analysis hTg development before, during and after pregnancy were analyzed. Material and methods: A descriptive analysis of hTg courses in 47 women with 57 pregnancies under levothyroxine substitution was performed after treatment of DTC without evidence of residual or recurrent disease. We compared hTg levels before, during and after pregnancies. A median of four measurements were performed during pregnancy. Results: In five out of the 47 patients at least one hTg increase to ≥1.0 ng/mL occurred during pregnancy (P1: 1.1; P2: 1.75; P3: 1.0; P4: 1.1; P5: 1.07 ng/mL). In another three cases an increase to ≥0.5 ng/mL occurred. After delivery, all patients returned to undetectable hTg levels. Human Tg maxima during pregnancy were significantly elevated according to Friedman´s Chi2 and p Holm–Bonferroni. Conclusion: In women with ablative thyroid therapy after DTC, a temporary elevation in hTg levels during pregnancy may occur. The reason therefore remains unclear and requires further investigation. Full article

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Curr. Oncol., Volume 29, Issue 6 (June 2022) – 46 articles

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