Drying Shrinkage and Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concretes Using Cement Paste Dissociation Agent
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. RCA Production
2.2. Aggregate Properties
2.3. Cement Paste Dissociation Agent
3. Experimental Tests
3.1. Mix Design
3.2. Specimen Preparation
4. Experimental Test Results
4.1. Preliminary Test Results from First Mix Series
4.2. Test Results from Second Mix Series
4.2.1. Fresh and Hardened Properties
4.2.2. Drying Shrinkage
Dependence of Mix Proportioning Method
Dependence of Coating Treatment
Dependence of RCA Replacement Ratio
4.2.3. Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance
Mix Proportioning Method
Coating Treatment
RCA Replacement Ratio
4.2.4. Micro Structural Analysis of RCA
5. Conclusions
- From the preliminary test, it appears that the addition of 2.5% of CPDA in the RCA concrete mixes helps improve the mechanical strength properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus. The test results showed that about 24%, 18%, and 3% increases were observed for compressive strength, flexural strength, and elastic modulus, respectively, at 28 days.
- All RCA concretes mixed with coated RCA were found to be workable regardless of different mix methods, with the slump and air contents of all the mixes being almost identical. Additionally, all the concrete specimens that were mixed with the coated RCAs with CPDA solution had lower drying shrinkage values and RCPT (Rapid Chloride Penetration Test) values than those mixed without RCA coating treatment, regardless of different mix proportioning methods or RCA replacement ratios. The variation in compressive strength and density of the RCA concrete did not affect drying shrinkage or RCPT values.
- This holds for the concrete specimens proportioned with the EMV method, regardless of different RCA replacement ratios. Especially, it may be inferred that the RCPT values are related to total mortar volume of RCA concrete mix since total mortar volume in the ERP mixes is reduced due to the residual mortar attached to the RCAs.
- For the conventional RCA mixes, in comparison to test results from the 25% RCA replacement ratio, the little increase or reversed test result of drying shrinkage values and RCPT values in concrete made with 50% RCA replacement ratio may be attributed to the good-quality RCA adopted in this study. Further study on this effect is necessary.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Items | RA | RP | NCA | Fine Aggregate 1 | Fine Aggregate 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Specific gravity | 2.54 | 2.60 | 2.69 | 2.58 | 2.60 |
Absorption rate (%) | 4.81 | 2.62 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.95 |
RMC | - | 20.0 | - | - | - |
Test Series | Mix | W/C | S/a | RCA wt % | Mix Proportions (kg/m3) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W | C | S | F/A | NCA | RCA | CPDA | Admixture | |||||
1 | CRA-0 | 0.37 | 38.9 | 100 | 138 | 370 | 695 | - | - | 1093 | 0 | - |
CRA-2.5 | 0.37 | 38.9 | 100 | 138 | 370 | 695 | - | - | 1093 | 9.25 | - | |
CRA-5 | 0.37 | 38.9 | 100 | 138 | 370 | 695 | - | - | 1093 | 18.5 | - | |
2 | CNC | 0.36 | 39.1 | 0 | 158 | 396 | 675 | 44.0 | 1051 | 0 | - | 2.56 |
CRP-a | 0.36 | 40.4 | 25 | 158 | 396 | 694 | 44.0 | 767 | 256 | - | 2.49 | |
CRP-b | 0.36 | 41.7 | 50 | 158 | 396 | 712 | 44.0 | 499 | 498 | - | 2.49 | |
CRP-aS | 0.36 | 40.4 | 25 | 158 | 396 | 694 | 44.0 | 767 | 256 | - | 2.49 | |
CRP-bS | 0.36 | 41.7 | 50 | 158 | 396 | 712 | 44.0 | 499 | 498 | - | 2.49 | |
ERP-a | 0.36 | 37.0 | 25 | 152 | 380 | 648 | 42.3 | 830 | 276 | - | 2.60 | |
ERP-b | 0.36 | 34.6 | 50 | 145 | 363 | 619 | 40.3 | 584 | 583 | - | 2.61 | |
ERP-aS | 0.36 | 37.0 | 25 | 152 | 380 | 648 | 42.3 | 830 | 276 | - | 2.74 | |
ERP-bS | 0.36 | 34.6 | 50 | 145 | 363 | 619 | 40.3 | 584 | 583 | - | 2.62 |
Mix iD | Fresh Property | Hardened Property | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Slump (mm) | Air Content (%) | Density (kg/m3) | Density (kg/m3) | Compressive Strength (MPa) | Coefficient of Variation (%) | |
CNC | 155 | 3.9 | 2414 | 2334 | 32.2 | 3.00 |
CRP-a | 150 | 4.0 | 2333 | 2428 | 31.6 | 2.60 |
CRP-b | 155 | 4.1 | 2360 | 2332 | 30.8 | 3.67 |
CRP-aS | 155 | 4.0 | 2364 | 2301 | 30.3 | 4.84 |
CRP-bS | 150 | 4.2 | 2389 | 2389 | 31.6 | 2.25 |
ERP-a | 160 | 4.1 | 2294 | 2267 | 27.7 | 2.00 |
ERP-b | 150 | 4.2 | 2336 | 2336 | 30.5 | 3.68 |
ERP-aS | 155 | 4.1 | 2354 | 2306 | 30.1 | 2.53 |
ERP-bS | 150 | 4.3 | 2314 | 2249 | 24.8 | 2.48 |
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Yang, S.; Lee, H. Drying Shrinkage and Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concretes Using Cement Paste Dissociation Agent. Materials 2021, 14, 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061478
Yang S, Lee H. Drying Shrinkage and Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concretes Using Cement Paste Dissociation Agent. Materials. 2021; 14(6):1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061478
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Sungchul, and Hyewon Lee. 2021. "Drying Shrinkage and Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concretes Using Cement Paste Dissociation Agent" Materials 14, no. 6: 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061478
APA StyleYang, S., & Lee, H. (2021). Drying Shrinkage and Rapid Chloride Penetration Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concretes Using Cement Paste Dissociation Agent. Materials, 14(6), 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061478