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Volume 16
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Sustainability, Volume 16, Issue 21 (November-1 2024) – 469 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): The universe's interconnectedness and inevitable uncertainties intensify its complexity. Climate change stems from neglecting these interactions, making single-disciplinary, deterministic sustainability analyses seem ineffective. Rectifying this issue requires thinking “beyond disciplines” and creating a collaborative network of system-of-systems which can be realized using transdisciplinarity methodology. Achieving a targeted sustainability assessment is not possible except by adopting an uncertainty-based transdisciplinary system optimization approach. This study looks at the sustainability problem from a transdisciplinary systems engineering lens and proposes a two-level resilient sustainability assessment framework to effectively handle and enhance the resilience of companies’ sustainability development roadmaps. View this paper
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15 pages, 1755 KiB  
Article
Intricate Supply Chain Demand Forecasting Based on Graph Convolution Network
by Tianyu Niu, Heng Zhang, Xingyou Yan and Qiang Miao
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9608; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219608 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 657
Abstract
Globalization has contributed to the increasing complexity of supply chain structures. In this regard, precise demand forecasting for the intricate supply chain holds paramount importance in effective supply chain management. Traditional statistical models and deep learning methods often face challenges in efficiently discerning [...] Read more.
Globalization has contributed to the increasing complexity of supply chain structures. In this regard, precise demand forecasting for the intricate supply chain holds paramount importance in effective supply chain management. Traditional statistical models and deep learning methods often face challenges in efficiently discerning correlations within a myriad of interconnected demands. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes an intricate supply chain demand forecasting method based on graph convolution networks adept at handling non-Euclidean data. First, the companies within the supply chain are treated as nodes in the graph structure, and the relationships between them are treated as edges, with demand data serving as the features of these edges. Then, a graph convolutional network is constructed to aggregate node and edge information. Through a multi-layer network, the relationships among nodes, edges, and historical demand are established to facilitate the prediction of supply chain demands. In this process, the graph convolutional network incorporates supply chain connectivity information into demand time series analysis. This integration of surface-level topological features and deeper latent correlation attributes across the supply chain’s nodes refines the demand forecasting precision across the entire supply chain. The validation experiment in this paper is grounded in sales data of a singular product from multiple sales nodes of an electronics company. The results demonstrate that the proposed method surpasses four other traditional demand forecasting algorithms significantly in terms of accuracy, providing substantial evidence for the superior performance of graph networks in the analysis of intricate supply chain relationships. Full article
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21 pages, 784 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Operations of Online and Offline Restaurants: Focusing on Multi-Brand Restaurants
by Byeongmo Kang and Seung Ho Yoo
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9607; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219607 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 534
Abstract
This study investigates the sustainable operations of a multi-brand restaurant that adopts multiple brands in a store, unlike a typical restaurant that operates only a single brand. We introduce five restaurant operation models, including three traditional single-brand ones (offline, online, and multi-channel) and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the sustainable operations of a multi-brand restaurant that adopts multiple brands in a store, unlike a typical restaurant that operates only a single brand. We introduce five restaurant operation models, including three traditional single-brand ones (offline, online, and multi-channel) and two recent multi-brand restaurants with a single fixed franchise fee and multiple franchise fees proportional to the number of brands. We then investigate the performance of the models in the changing market and cost environments. Through analytical and numerical analyses, we reveal that adopting a multi-brand restaurant does not always guarantee superior profit performance. Such an adoption is recommended under certain conditions, such as when the potential market base is large, consumers are not very price-sensitive, food and delivery costs are low, an increase in food items does not significantly impact process inefficiency, franchise fees are low, or the relative market power of multiple brands is strong. Otherwise, adopting the traditional single-brand restaurant would guarantee better profit performance. Therefore, for a sustainable multi-brand restaurant adoption, it is important to create a business environment that can lower food prices, and a thorough understanding of the decision dynamics related to the number of brands is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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14 pages, 4324 KiB  
Article
Mapping Soil Surface Moisture of an Agrophytocenosis via a Neural Network Based on Synchronized Radar and Multispectral Optoelectronic Data of SENTINEL-1,2—Case Study on Test Sites in the Lower Volga Region
by Anatoly Zeyliger, Konstantin Muzalevskiy, Olga Ermolaeva, Anastasia Grecheneva, Ekaterina Zinchenko and Jasmina Gerts
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9606; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219606 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 569
Abstract
In this article, the authors developed a novel method for the moisture mapping of the soil surface of agrophytocenosis using a neural network based on synchronized radar and multispectral optoelectronic data from Sentinel-1,2. The significance of this research lies in its potential to [...] Read more.
In this article, the authors developed a novel method for the moisture mapping of the soil surface of agrophytocenosis using a neural network based on synchronized radar and multispectral optoelectronic data from Sentinel-1,2. The significance of this research lies in its potential to enhance precision farming practices, which are increasingly vital in addressing global agricultural challenges such as water scarcity and the need for sustainable resource management. To verify the developed method, data from two experimental plots were utilized. These plots were located on irrigated soybean crops, with the first plot situated on the right bank (plot No. 1) and the second on the left bank (plot No. 2) of the lower Volga River. Two experimental soil moisture geodatasets were created through measurements and geo-referencing points using the gravimetric method (for plot No. 1) and the proximal sensing method (for plot No. 2) employing the Soil Moisture Sensor ML3-KIT (THETAKIT, Delta). The soil moisture retrieval algorithm was based on the use of a neural network to predict the reflection coefficient of an electro-magnetic wave from the soil surface, followed by inversion into soil moisture using a dielectric model that takes into account the soil texture. The input parameter of the neural network was the ratio of the microwave radar vegetation index (calculated based on Sentinel-1 data) to the index (calculated based on the data of multispectral optoelectronic channels 8 and 11 of Sentinel-2). The retrieved soil moisture values were compared with in situ measurements, showing a determination coefficient of 0.44–0.65 and a standard deviation of 2.4–4.2% for plot No. 1 and similar metrics for plot No. 2. The conducted research laid the groundwork for developing a new technology for remote sensing of soil moisture content in agrophytocenosis, serving as a crucial component of precision farming systems and agroecology. The integration of this technology promotes sustainable agricultural practices by minimizing water consumption while maximizing crop productivity. This aligns with broader environmental goals of conserving natural resources and reducing agricultural runoff. On a larger scale, data derived from such studies can inform policy decisions related to water resource management, guiding regulations that promote efficient water use in agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotechnology on Sustainable Agriculture)
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19 pages, 1087 KiB  
Article
Examining the Influence of Sustainable Management Accounting on Sustainable Corporate Governance: Empirical Evidence
by Amar Johri, Raj Kumar Singh, Hamad Alhumoudi and Abdullah Alakkas
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9605; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219605 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 761
Abstract
This study, with its practical implications, is a valuable resource for organisations. It examines the impact of Sustainable Management Accounting (SMA) practices on the implementation and effectiveness of Sustainable Corporate Governance (SCG) within organisations. It also investigates the various dimensions of SMA and [...] Read more.
This study, with its practical implications, is a valuable resource for organisations. It examines the impact of Sustainable Management Accounting (SMA) practices on the implementation and effectiveness of Sustainable Corporate Governance (SCG) within organisations. It also investigates the various dimensions of SMA and explores the mediating roles of the Internal Control System (ICS) in the relationships between SMA and SCG. The empirical data, collected from 512 individuals across India using a purposive sampling technique, represent a diverse cross-section of the population, including shareholders, investors, finance officers, executives, and professionals such as chartered accountants, lawyers, bankers, and company secretaries. The findings of this study are actionable, indicating that SMA has a positive and significant impact on SCG. Furthermore, it was found that SMA is influenced by factors such as the accounting system, reporting method, transparency policy, and stakeholder involvement. Moreover, the results suggest that companies with well-developed sustainable accounting systems have enhanced ICS and corporate governance metrics, which in turn result in improved board oversight and stakeholder engagement. Finally, the outcome of this study not only assists in developing sustainable corporate governance through sustainable accounting management but also contributes to the UN’s sustainable goals through accounting and governance in the corporate culture and approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability, Accounting, and Business Strategies)
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27 pages, 361 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Digital Influencers on Generation Y’s Adoption of Fintech Banking Services in Brazil
by António Cardoso, Manuel Sousa Pereira, Amândio Silva, André Souza, Isabel Oliveira and Jorge Figueiredo
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9604; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219604 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1055
Abstract
The consumer profile has undergone evolutions and transformations over the years due to the evolution of new generations of individuals, such as Generation Y. Social media has revolutionized the way in which consumers can search and find information about products in general, which [...] Read more.
The consumer profile has undergone evolutions and transformations over the years due to the evolution of new generations of individuals, such as Generation Y. Social media has revolutionized the way in which consumers can search and find information about products in general, which has impacted how brands relate to their consumers. In this context, this study tries to understand how digital influencers are being used to influence Generation Y in the consumption of banking services from fintechs in Brazil via social media platforms. The specific objectives include profiling these consumers, identifying the most relevant influencers, and measuring the impact of influencer marketing. The results pointed to Generation Y’s preference for mobile applications and personal recommendations when making decisions to purchase financial products. Fintechs stood out for the agility and autonomy they offered, as well as for being on the forefront in leading practices, innovations, and product offerings that drive sustainability forward. The study concluded that digital influencers play a crucial role in the awareness phase, but additional factors influence Millennial consumption decisions, highlighting the complexity of the decision process. Full article
19 pages, 8101 KiB  
Article
Vulnerability Comparisons of Various Complex Urban Metro Networks Under Multiple Failure Scenarios
by Yangyang Meng
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9603; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219603 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Urban metro networks, characterized by their complex systems of interdependent components, are susceptible to a wide range of operational disturbances and threats. Such disruptions can cascade through the system, leading to service delays, operational inefficiencies, and substantial economic losses. Consequently, assessing and understanding [...] Read more.
Urban metro networks, characterized by their complex systems of interdependent components, are susceptible to a wide range of operational disturbances and threats. Such disruptions can cascade through the system, leading to service delays, operational inefficiencies, and substantial economic losses. Consequently, assessing and understanding network vulnerabilities have become crucial to ensuring resilient metro operations. While many studies focus on single-failure scenarios, comparative vulnerability analyses of various urban metro networks under multiple or simultaneous failures remain limited. To address this gap, our study introduces a comprehensive analytical framework comprising three key components: quantitative indices operating at both network and node levels, methodological approaches to assess the importance of network components (nodes, edges, and lines), and systematic protocols for evaluating vulnerabilities across multiple failure scenarios (stations, tunnels, lines, and areas). A comparative analysis of the Shenzhen Metro Network (SZMN) and the Zhengzhou Metro Network (ZZMN) validates the proposed methods. The results indicate that the SZMN demonstrates higher connectivity and accessibility than the ZZMN, despite a lower network density. Both networks are disassortative and heterogeneous, with edges connecting multiline transfer stations showing significantly higher edge betweenness centrality compared to those connecting general stations. In the SZMN, 6.63% of node failures and 4.74% of tunnel failures exceed a vulnerability threshold of 0.03, compared to 13.74% and 11.27% in the ZZMN. Failures across different lines and areas yield varying impacts on network performance and vulnerability. This study provides essential theoretical and practical insights, helping metro safety managers identify vulnerable points and strengthen the sustainable development of urban metro systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vulnerability and Resilience of Transport Systems under Sustainable Transport Development)
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20 pages, 1940 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Recreational Potential of Flooded Quarries in Slovakia
by Barbora Iannaccone, Lucia Domaracká, Dana Tometzová and Ľubomíra Gabániová
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9602; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219602 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 590
Abstract
This article focuses the assessment of the recreational potential of selected water-filled quarries in Slovakia, specifically the Škrabské, Beňatina, and Kraľovany quarries. Water-filled quarries represent a significant untapped resource that can contribute to the development of various leisure activities while simultaneously supporting local [...] Read more.
This article focuses the assessment of the recreational potential of selected water-filled quarries in Slovakia, specifically the Škrabské, Beňatina, and Kraľovany quarries. Water-filled quarries represent a significant untapped resource that can contribute to the development of various leisure activities while simultaneously supporting local communities and environmental conservation. The main challenge of the study is finding a balance between the recreational use of these sites and the need to maintain ecological sustainability, which requires a detailed evaluation of the natural conditions, infrastructure, and accessibility of the individual quarries. The study focuses on a comprehensive assessment of the recreational potential of selected water-filled quarries in Slovakia, specifically the Škrabské, Beňatina, and Kraľovany quarries, using a methodology based on point evaluation according to criteria such as natural beauty, accessibility, existing infrastructure, and ecological status. The results of this study provide an important foundation for further research and decision-making processes in the transformation of water-filled quarries, aiming to maximize their recreational potential while ensuring long-term environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development of Ecotourism)
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18 pages, 3649 KiB  
Article
Driving Safety and Comfort Enhancement in Urban Underground Interchanges via Driving Simulation and Machine Learning
by Qian Liu, Zhen Liu, Bingyan Cui and Chuanhui Zhu
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219601 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Urban transportation systems, particularly underground interchanges, present significant challenges for sustainable and resilient urban design due to their complex road geometries and dense traffic signage. These challenges are further compounded by the interaction of diverse road users, which heightens the risk of accidents. [...] Read more.
Urban transportation systems, particularly underground interchanges, present significant challenges for sustainable and resilient urban design due to their complex road geometries and dense traffic signage. These challenges are further compounded by the interaction of diverse road users, which heightens the risk of accidents. To enhance both safety and sustainability, this study integrates advanced driving simulation techniques with machine learning models to improve driving safety and comfort in underground interchanges. By utilizing a driving simulator and 3D modeling, real-world conditions were replicated to design key traffic safety features with an emphasis on sustainability and driver well-being. Critical safety parameters, including speed, acceleration, and pedal use, were analyzed alongside comfort metrics such as lateral acceleration and steering torque. The LightGBM machine learning model was used to classify safety and comfort grades with an accuracy of 97.06%. An important ranking identified entrance signage and deceleration zones as having the greatest impact on safety and comfort, while basic road sections were less influential. These findings underscore the importance of considering visual cues, such as markings and wall color, in creating safer and more comfortable underground road systems. This study’s methodology and results offer valuable insights for urban planners and engineers aiming to design transportation systems that are both safe and aligned with sustainable urban mobility objectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Mobility Management and Road Behavior of Vulnerable Users)
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19 pages, 884 KiB  
Article
Charting Success: The Influence of Leadership Styles on Driving Sustainable Employee Performance in the Sierra Leonean Banking Sector
by Ibrahim Alusine Kebe, Christian Kahl and Yingqi Liu
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9600; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219600 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
Effective leadership sits at the heart of organisational success, especially during periods of change. In the dynamic and highly competitive environment of commercial banks in Sierra Leone, the impact of leadership styles on employee performance is a critical area of investigation. The purpose [...] Read more.
Effective leadership sits at the heart of organisational success, especially during periods of change. In the dynamic and highly competitive environment of commercial banks in Sierra Leone, the impact of leadership styles on employee performance is a critical area of investigation. The purpose of this paper is to assess the differential effects of transformational and transactional leadership styles on employee performance during change initiatives within commercial banks in Sierra Leone. The research study utilised a cross-sectional survey design, and data was collected from 903 participants employed in the banking industry. The study used the structural equation model as an investigative instrument to examine the hypotheses. The findings reveal that transformational and transactional leadership styles demonstrate a strong bearing on employee performance, with the latter having a bigger influence. Organisational citizenship behaviour has a mediating effect between leadership styles and employee performance. In contrast, employee commitment does not act as a mediator between transformational leadership and employee performance but does act as a mediator between transactional leadership and employee performance. Commercial banks need to devise training programs that will advance both leadership styles to arouse, energise, or inspire followers to display favourable behaviour and commitment to attain organisational goals. The paper makes an insightful contribution to the existing leadership literature by ascertaining the significance of leadership styles on performance and the role of commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour as mediators of the nexus between leadership styles and performance in the Sierra Leone banking industry. Full article
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37 pages, 11067 KiB  
Article
Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Analysis Incorporating Renewable Energy Sources and FACTS Devices Using Non-Dominated Sorting Kepler Optimization Algorithm
by Mokhtar Abid, Messaoud Belazzoug, Souhil Mouassa, Abdallah Chanane and Francisco Jurado
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9599; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219599 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving landscape of electrical power systems, optimal power flow (OPF) has become a key factor for efficient energy management, especially with the expanding integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. These elements introduce significant [...] Read more.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of electrical power systems, optimal power flow (OPF) has become a key factor for efficient energy management, especially with the expanding integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. These elements introduce significant challenges in managing OPF in power grids. Their inherent variability and complexity demand advanced optimization methods to determine the optimal settings that maintain efficient and stable power system operation. This paper introduces a multi-objective version of the Kepler optimization algorithm (KOA) based on the non-dominated sorting (NS) principle referred to as NSKOA to deal with the optimal power flow (OPF) optimization in the IEEE 57-bus power system. The methodology incorporates RES integration alongside multiple types of FACTS devices. The model offers flexibility in determining the size and optimal location of the static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), considering the associated investment costs. Further enhancements were observed when combining the integration of FACTS devices and RESs to the network, achieving a reduction of 6.49% of power production cost and 1.31% from the total cost when considering their investment cost. Moreover, there is a reduction of 9.05% in real power losses (RPLs) and 69.5% in voltage deviations (TVD), while enhancing the voltage stability index (VSI) by approximately 26.80%. In addition to network performance improvement, emissions are reduced by 22.76%. Through extensive simulations and comparative analyses, the findings illustrate that the proposed approach effectively enhances system performance across a variety of operational conditions. The results underscore the significance of employing advanced techniques in modern power systems enhance overall grid resilience and stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy Sustainability)
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23 pages, 1988 KiB  
Article
Transitioning Design-Orienting Scenarios for Food Systems: A Design Contribution to Explore Sustainable Solutions and Steer Action
by Marta Corubolo and Anna Meroni
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9598; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219598 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 612
Abstract
This article explores how design, as a disciplinary field, can play a role in conceiving and supporting transition strategies within complex food systems where multiple actors are involved and sustainability is a priority. The work builds on the methodology of Design-Orienting Scenarios (DOS), [...] Read more.
This article explores how design, as a disciplinary field, can play a role in conceiving and supporting transition strategies within complex food systems where multiple actors are involved and sustainability is a priority. The work builds on the methodology of Design-Orienting Scenarios (DOS), which are future-oriented narratives motivated, illustrated, and visualized through specific solutions. DOS are applied here to contribute to the ongoing transformation of the Milano Food System, which is at the intersection of dynamics influencing the activities of its various ‘nodes’—pivotal points in the supply chain. A specific scenario is then co-designed with relevant actors, combining two influencing factors: governance and sustainability strategy. The aim of this scenario is to highlight areas of multi-actor collaboration and spark transformative projects while also defining roles, values, and capabilities. This article further introduces the evolution of DOS into Transitioning Design-Orienting Scenarios (T-DOS), designed to facilitate outcome-oriented transitions. Characterized by a multi-actor and relational perspective, T-DOS engage stakeholders through a structured process, leveraging local challenges, resources, and actors to ensure the relevance and applicability of practical futures. The T-DOS methodology is finally discussed as a tool to guide systemic design-oriented conversations within the food system and, more broadly, within complex systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Environment, Economy, Society and Policy—Series II)
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21 pages, 7843 KiB  
Article
Structural and Textural Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Bottom Ash Subjected to Periodic Seasoning
by Barbara Dutka, Simona Rada, Katarzyna Godyń, Dumitrita Moldovan, Ramona Ioana Chelcea and Maciej Tram
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9597; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219597 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 517
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the structural and textural description of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash that was subjected to a six-month seasoning process. Bottom ash samples, with a particle size fraction of 0.063–0.1 mm, were seasoned in [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to determine the structural and textural description of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash that was subjected to a six-month seasoning process. Bottom ash samples, with a particle size fraction of 0.063–0.1 mm, were seasoned in a closed landfill and collected for laboratory analyses at monthly intervals. The research focused on determining the structural parameters, using methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and the textural parameters, using low-pressure nitrogen adsorption (LPNA) at −196.15 °C. The analyses of the porous structure of the bottom ash samples revealed differences in texture of ASH 1 to ASH 6, specifically in the pore volume (micro- and mesopores), specific surface area, and pore size distribution. Changes in the structural and porous characteristics of the samples were attributed to the duration of the seasoning process. The results of the structural analysis of the bottom ash suggest its application in the concrete industry, potentially enhancing the long-term mechanical strength of concrete. The results of the textural analysis indicate the possible use of MSWI bottom ash in environmental applications, as the internal surface area could be further developed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Waste and Recycling)
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27 pages, 7232 KiB  
Article
Life Cycle Prediction of Airport Operation Based on System Dynamics
by Lili Wan, Zhanpeng Shan, Xinyue Jiang, Zhan Wang, Yangyang Lv, Shumeng Xu and Jiahui Huang
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9596; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219596 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 531
Abstract
Traditional airport development planning often overlooks an in-depth consideration of the airport operation life cycle, which frequently causes deviations from planned objectives during operation. This paper presents a framework for predicting and segmenting the airport operation life cycle by integrating the dynamic characteristics [...] Read more.
Traditional airport development planning often overlooks an in-depth consideration of the airport operation life cycle, which frequently causes deviations from planned objectives during operation. This paper presents a framework for predicting and segmenting the airport operation life cycle by integrating the dynamic characteristics of the System Dynamics (SD) model with the static properties of Logistic modeling to examine the development trajectory of airport operations. The influencing factors in this model are selected across three levels: airport, city, and macro-environment. A system dynamics model of airport operation is constructed using causal loop diagrams and system flow diagrams. Using Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport (CAN) as a case study, the airport’s operational capacity from 2005 to 2035 is predicted through SD simulation. Subsequently, the airport operation life cycle from 2005 to 2050 is forecasted and segmented using Logistic modeling. The results indicate that, under the standard scenario, CAN’s operational capacity experiences two declines in 2016 and 2020, attributed to airport construction and emergencies. Logistic modeling identifies three distinct life cycle phases in the airport’s operation. Furthermore, by comparing various airport operation scenarios, the analysis reveals that fluctuations in the city economy significantly impact the airport’s operational system without altering its overall development trajectory. In contrast, the occurrence of emergencies can substantially modify the airport operation life cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)
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23 pages, 14871 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Variations and Driving Factors of Ecological Sensitivity in the West Qinling Mountains, China, Under the Optimal Scale
by Qiqi Zhao, Xuelu Liu, Yingying Wu, Hongyan Liu, Fei Qu, Miaomiao Zhang and Xiaodan Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9595; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219595 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 499
Abstract
This study selected the five indicators of soil erosion, climate environment, geological hazards, biodiversity, and human disturbances and uses the entropy weight method to calculate the ecological sensitivity of the West Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2020. The analysis produced a spatiotemporal distribution [...] Read more.
This study selected the five indicators of soil erosion, climate environment, geological hazards, biodiversity, and human disturbances and uses the entropy weight method to calculate the ecological sensitivity of the West Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2020. The analysis produced a spatiotemporal distribution of ecological sensitivity over the 20-year period. An equal step size of 500 m was used to progressively increase the spatial scale from 500 m to 6 km. The optimal scale for the spatial differentiation of ecological sensitivity in the West Qinling Mountains was determined by analyzing the characteristics of changes at different scales, response mechanisms, and optimal parameters for geographical detector spatial scale identification. Based on this scale, the change in intensity and pattern and the influencing factors of ecological sensitivity were analyzed. The results show the following: (1) The 5.5 km spatial scale balances the requirements of accuracy, spatial heterogeneity, and data adequacy, making it the optimal scale for analyzing the spatiotemporal variation patterns of ecological sensitivity in the West Qinling Mountains. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the mean ecological sensitivity in the West Qinling Mountains exhibited a decreasing trend, indicating an improvement in the ecological environment. Spatially, the ecological sensitivity of the West Qinling Mountains showed a spatial distribution pattern of “low in the west and high in the east, low in the south and high in the north”. During the study period, the ecological sensitivity in the West Qinling region remained generally stable, with no high-frequency changes observed. (3) Population density is the primary driving factor of spatial differentiation of ecological sensitivity in the West Qinling Mountains, while GDP serves as a secondary factor. Overall, socioeconomic factors have the most significant impact on ecological sensitivity. (4) Over 75% of the ecological sensitivity trends exhibit patterns of perennial unchanged and fluctuating unchanged trends, with areas of fluctuating increase smaller than areas of fluctuating decrease. Regions of perennial high sensitivity are primarily concentrated in the northeastern part of the West Qinling Mountains, while areas with increased fluctuation in ecological sensitivity are mainly located in the western and southern parts of the West Qinling Mountains. Future efforts should focus on these regions. Full article
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9 pages, 234 KiB  
Review
Ten Simple Rules for Incorporating the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into Environmental and Natural Science Courses
by Nargol Ghazian and C. J. Lortie
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9594; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219594 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 646
Abstract
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to combat poverty, inequality, and climate change. Recently, integrating these goals into higher education curricula has emerged as essential for fostering positive environmental and civic engagement. Challenges persist, particularly the prioritization [...] Read more.
In 2015, the United Nations (UN) established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to combat poverty, inequality, and climate change. Recently, integrating these goals into higher education curricula has emerged as essential for fostering positive environmental and civic engagement. Challenges persist, particularly the prioritization of social and economic concerns over eco-centered principles and ecopedagogy. Education must emphasize the politics of environmental issues, advocating sustainable practices that benefit both humans and nonhuman species. This article proposes ten simple rules for incorporating the SDGs into undergraduate courses in ecology, evolution, and environmental science. We conducted a literature review, analyzing 940 publications from 2014 to 2024 using ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar. We focused on fields like Green Sustainable Science and Technology and Environmental Education to identify the best practices for integrating SDGs. Our findings link pedagogical successes to the SDGs, facilitating effective educational strategies. For practical sustainability education, students must grasp the interplay between the environment and societal elements such as diversity, justice, and resilience. Connecting course topics to the SDGs offers a powerful framework for teaching undergraduates about complex environmental challenges. Our research highlights a novel approach to embedding SDGs in environmental education, promoting critical thinking and literacy across various settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Development Goals towards Sustainability)
31 pages, 6352 KiB  
Article
Design Thinking Approach to Create Impact Assessment Tool: Cities2030 Case Study
by Elina Mikelsone and Iveta Cīrule
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9593; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219593 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 785
Abstract
This paper presents the development and testing of an impact assessment tool for the Cities2030 project aimed at transforming city-region food systems to align with the European Union’s Food2030 policy and the European Green Deal. This study highlights the importance of sustainable urban [...] Read more.
This paper presents the development and testing of an impact assessment tool for the Cities2030 project aimed at transforming city-region food systems to align with the European Union’s Food2030 policy and the European Green Deal. This study highlights the importance of sustainable urban food systems, focusing on food security, environmental sustainability, and public health. Using a design thinking approach, this research emphasizes co-creation, stakeholder engagement, and iterative refinement, developing a flexible, multi-dimensional framework adaptable to diverse city-region contexts. Through collaboration with 65 stakeholders, this tool was tailored to meet the socio-economic and environmental needs of different regions. Case studies from Cities2030 partner cities demonstrate its effectiveness in fostering cross-sectoral collaboration, enhancing community participation, and driving food system innovations. Key findings reveal measurable impacts across social, environmental, and economic dimensions, while addressing challenges like regional disparities in data collection and the need for improved long-term tracking of sustainability metrics. This study concludes by underscoring the role of adaptive, inclusive strategies in assessing urban food systems’ sustainability and resilience and suggests that the tool’s framework could be applied to other urban sustainability areas, such as energy and water management. Full article
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15 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
Correlation Among Teacher ICT Teaching, Teacher Immediacy Behaviors, Teacher–Student Rapport, and Student Engagement in Smart Classroom Teaching
by Ge Hou
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9592; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219592 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 758
Abstract
With the constant evolution of information and communication technology (ICT), smart classrooms have profoundly influenced Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) by presenting advanced ICT that markedly improved the effectiveness and quality of teaching and learning. Teacher communication technology teaching and immediacy behaviors are [...] Read more.
With the constant evolution of information and communication technology (ICT), smart classrooms have profoundly influenced Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) by presenting advanced ICT that markedly improved the effectiveness and quality of teaching and learning. Teacher communication technology teaching and immediacy behaviors are crucial for leading and reforming the teaching and learning process in smart classrooms. Meanwhile, teacher–student rapport and student engagement are also key factors that influence ESD. This study aims to investigate the correlation among teacher ICT teaching, teacher immediacy behaviors, teacher–student rapport and student engagement in smart classroom teaching. We surveyed 1032 Chinese university students using the questionnaire method and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings revealed that teacher ICT teaching and immediacy behaviors exerted a noteworthy positive impact on student engagement and teacher–student rapport. Meanwhile, teacher ICT teaching markedly positively correlated with verbal immediacy but markedly negatively correlated with nonverbal immediacy. These findings have practical implications for ESD: in smart classrooms, teacher ICT teaching and their immediacy behaviors serve as vital factors in augmenting teaching quality, encouraging student engagement and fostering harmonious teacher–student rapport. Thus, teachers must harness their ICT teaching skills, flexibly assimilate instant behaviors into the teaching process and interact with students in a richer and more diversified manner to effectively augment teaching quality and promote the overall and sustainable growth of students. Furthermore, this study can inform the expansion of smart classrooms, which in the future should not only offer teachers a convenient teaching and learning environment but also evade ICT that limits teacher nonverbal immediacy behaviors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Education and Approaches)
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20 pages, 6184 KiB  
Article
Kinetic Modeling of Brilliant Blue Discoloration by Ozonation
by Adrian Victor Crisciu, Ligia Stoica, Carolina Constantin, Maria (Tiron) Marcvart, Anamaria Hanganu and Maria Gratiela (Craioveanu) Ianos
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9591; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219591 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 473
Abstract
This paper presents the results of investigations on the kinetic modeling of Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) discoloration reactions in aqueous solutions with different ozone concentrations and pH conditions. Kinetic studies involve knowledge of the structure and properties of dye and ozone, as well [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of investigations on the kinetic modeling of Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) discoloration reactions in aqueous solutions with different ozone concentrations and pH conditions. Kinetic studies involve knowledge of the structure and properties of dye and ozone, as well as of the experimental conditions. In general, scientists admit that the predominant oxidation pathway is direct (by free oxygen atoms) or indirect (by free hydroxyl radicals); this will depend on influencing factors such as the physicochemical properties of the dye, the pH of the aqueous solution, ozone concentration, reaction time, and the contact mode with/without stirring. In this experimental research, two pathways were chosen following CBB = f(t)—1. a constant dye concentration and different ozone concentrations, in the concentration range of 100–250 mg/L, in three pH media (acidic, neutral, and basic), with and without stirring; 2. a constant concentration of ozone and different dyes in the concentration range of 2.5–10 mg/L, under the conditions of point 1. With the obtained experimental data, the curves CBB = f(t) were drawn and processed according to the integral method of classical kinetics, based on first- and second-order equations. Unfortunately, this simple procedure did not give any results for the pH values studied. The rate constants were negative, and/or the reaction order depended on the initial conditions. Due to its structure, the BB dye has several chromophore groups, and thus multiple attack centers, resulting in several oxidation by-products, which is why the 1H-NMR spectrum was recorded for the discoloration of BB with ozone. Since the stoichiometry of the overall oxidation reaction, as well as the relationship between the rate constant and the reaction conditions mentioned above, is not known, a kinetic model based on mass transfer coupled with a chain reaction in the bulk liquid phase was proposed and successfully tested at pH = 7. This research approach also involves the consolidation of the theoretical bases of the ozonation process through the kinetic study carried out, as well as the proposal of a kinetic model. These systematics lead to results that are applicable to other aqueous systems that are impure with dyes, allowing for generalizations and the development of the field, ensuring the sustainability of the research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Water Resource Availability and Pollution: Characterization, Future Scenarios and Solutions)
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27 pages, 2456 KiB  
Article
Impact of Digital Villages on Agricultural Green Growth Based on Empirical Analysis of Chinese Provincial Data
by Jiaxuan Li and Zhiyuan Peng
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9590; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219590 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 935
Abstract
The construction of digital villages has progressed in tandem with the transformation of traditional production methods, offering new perspectives for agricultural green growth and sustainable development. This study employs the entropy value method alongside the super-efficient global SBM (Slacks-Based Measure) mixed function model, [...] Read more.
The construction of digital villages has progressed in tandem with the transformation of traditional production methods, offering new perspectives for agricultural green growth and sustainable development. This study employs the entropy value method alongside the super-efficient global SBM (Slacks-Based Measure) mixed function model, which assesses efficiency by accounting for both inputs and outputs, thereby facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of agricultural green growth. This methodology facilitates the examination of the correlation between digital villages and agricultural green growth, as well as the influence of digital villages on this growth. Furthermore, the utilization of financial resources is employed as a mediating variable to elucidate the mechanism of action. The utilization of green finance and agricultural insurance can be facilitated by the establishment of digital villages, and that has been shown to promote agricultural green growth. Additionally, the promotion of agricultural green growth by digital village construction is stronger in middle-altitude regions, non-grain-producing regions, and regions where the digital literacy of the rural labor force is higher than average, as well as areas where the use of agricultural film is higher than average. Accelerating the construction of digital villages and promoting the utilization of rural financial resources while adapting the digital village development to local conditions are crucial for effectively fostering agricultural green growth and sustainable agricultural development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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26 pages, 5125 KiB  
Article
Power Battery Recycling Model of Closed-Loop Supply Chains Considering Different Power Structures Under Government Subsidies
by Fei Zeng, Zhiping Lu and Chengyu Lu
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9589; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219589 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 652
Abstract
With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, the recycling of power batteries has attracted significant attention. In light of current circumstances, the question of how the government can incentivize relevant stakeholders to actively engage in recycling and improve its efficiency has [...] Read more.
With the rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, the recycling of power batteries has attracted significant attention. In light of current circumstances, the question of how the government can incentivize relevant stakeholders to actively engage in recycling and improve its efficiency has become increasingly pressing. In this context, this study analyses and develops four closed-loop supply chain recycling models to investigate how different government subsidy recipients under varying power structures influence recycling efficiency, profitability, and the overall supply chain structures. The following conclusions are derived from numerical simulations: (1) Government subsidies serve to elevate recycling prices, expand profit margins, and consequently boost the volume of recycled batteries, thus incentivizing corporate engagement in recycling initiatives. (2) When the processor assumes the role of the leader in the Stackelberg game framework, it can maximize the overall efficiency and profitability of the supply chain. (3) The sensitivity coefficient and the competition coefficient are closely interrelated, exerting opposing impacts on the recycling decision made by enterprises. (4) The supply chain leader plays a crucial role in ensuring orderly supply chain development, with government subsidies of the supply chain being transmitted to its members through the leader. Consequently, this study offers a theoretical foundation for the government to enhance policy-making and for enterprises to make informed decisions. It also holds significant practical relevance in addressing the challenges associated with power battery recycling. Full article
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14 pages, 604 KiB  
Article
Economic Analysis of the Impact of Waste on the Production and Consumption of Dates in Saudi Arabia
by Abdullah Alhamdan, Yosef Alamri, Fahad Aljuhaim, Alaa Kotb, Emad Aljohani, Sharafeldin Alaagib and Mahmoud Elamshity
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9588; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219588 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 545
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine how the loss of dates affected food security in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2021. The researchers achieved this by using food security indicators, economic equations to quantify agricultural resource losses, and econometric analyses to [...] Read more.
The goal of this study was to determine how the loss of dates affected food security in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2021. The researchers achieved this by using food security indicators, economic equations to quantify agricultural resource losses, and econometric analyses to develop a partial adjustment model. The results show that dates are considered a self-sufficient crop as well as an export crop, as the state resorts to exporting the surplus instead of storing it for local consumption. During the study period, there was an increase in the period of sufficiency in date production for local consumption and the period of coverage of imports for local consumption. In 2000, the volume of dates lost increased by approximately 131.22%. The total loss of land and water resources reached 31,918.4 hectares and 324.759 million cubic meters, respectively. The value of the partial adjustment coefficient (λ) indicates that about 81.1% of the imbalance in the equilibrium between the actual and equilibrium levels is adjusted within one year. Loss is considered one of the most important factors that determine food security for dates, in addition to the total value of loans financed to date factories, the total population, and the level of technological progress in the marketing and storage of dates. It was found that a change of 10% in these variables leads to a change in food security for dates of (−2.37%), 0.07, (−15.33%), and 0.58%, respectively, and the adjusted coefficient of determination was estimated at 0.93. This study recommends the following: (1) expanding the use of modern technologies for date post-harvest transportation and storage, and (2) increasing support and loans allocated to date factories to increase warehouses for cooling and storage to accommodate the increase in production and surplus consumption. Full article
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17 pages, 8127 KiB  
Article
Screening of Suitable Mixed Grass Species and Seeding Rates of Four Native Grass Seeds in an Alpine Mining Area
by Qingqing Liu, Liangyu Lv, Miaohua He, Zongcheng Cai and Jianjun Shi
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9587; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219587 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 597
Abstract
The targeting of suitable mixed grass species and seeding rates of native grass seed in the process of ecological restoration in alpine mining areas is unclear. Four kinds of native grass seed (Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai, Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai, Puccinellia tenuiflora [...] Read more.
The targeting of suitable mixed grass species and seeding rates of native grass seed in the process of ecological restoration in alpine mining areas is unclear. Four kinds of native grass seed (Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai, Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai, Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Tongde and Pedicularis kansuensis) were selected as experimental materials to set up mixed sowing tests in the Muli mining area, which were analyzed for changes in plant coverage, biomass, forage nutrient composition, and soil physicochemical properties under different mixed grass species and seeding rates, aiming to provide a data reference and theoretical basis for the screening of suitable mixed grass species and seeding rates for artificial grassland planting in alpine mining areas. The results showed that the mixed grass species and seeding rate (HF) of Poa pratensis cv. Qinghai + Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai + Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Tongde + Pedicularis kansuensis had the highest vegetation coverage (97.33%). At the same time, the aboveground biomass of HF was the largest (356.27 g·m−2). The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium of HF increased by 37.05%, 28.11%, 34.68%, and 10.14%, respectively, compared with CK, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis was carried out on 23 indexes of vegetation and soil. It was found that nine indexes, including coverage, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, soluble sugar, and soil organic matter content, were the key indexes of evaluation. By sorting the membership functions of the above indicators, it was found that among the 12 mixed grass species and seeding rates, the comprehensive evaluation value of HF was the highest (0.848). In summary, it is recommended that the mixed grass species and seeding rate of Poa pratensis cv Qinghai + Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai + Puccinellia tenuiflora cv. Tongde + Pedicularis kansuensis be adopted for ecological restoration in alpine mining areas; this mixed grass species and seeding rate can effectively promote plant growth and development and improve the physicochemical properties of the soil, which can improve the stability and sustainability of the artificial grassland in the alpine mining area. Full article
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13 pages, 842 KiB  
Article
Gaps in and Opportunities for Disaster Risk Reduction in Urban Areas Through International Standardization of Smart Community Infrastructure
by David N. Nguyen, Yuichiro Usuda and Fumihiko Imamura
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9586; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219586 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1135
Abstract
Global communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change, and the rapid pace of urbanization exacerbates these risks. According to the World Bank, approximately 50% of the world’s population lives in areas exposed to natural hazards, making the need to [...] Read more.
Global communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to natural hazards and climate change, and the rapid pace of urbanization exacerbates these risks. According to the World Bank, approximately 50% of the world’s population lives in areas exposed to natural hazards, making the need to overcome the challenges to sustainable urban development pressing. The increasing frequency of heavy rain, flooding, landslides, and wildfires underscores the urgent need for disaster risk mitigation strategies, aligned with sustainable development goals. Infrastructure plays a crucial role in cultivating resilient cities that can withstand, recover from, and adapt to disasters, while promoting long-term sustainability, by minimizing environmental degradation and encouraging responsible development. International standards for smart community infrastructure provide significant advantages, including cost reductions, technology transfer, and enhanced innovation through improved global competitiveness. This paper investigates how these standards can empower community stakeholders to strengthen both the resilience and sustainability of urban areas, facilitating balanced growth that addresses environmental and social demands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urban Development Prospective for Smart Cities)
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27 pages, 7323 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Development of Production–Living–Ecological Spaces: Insights from a 30-Year Remote Sensing Analysis
by Miaomiao Hu, Tan Yigitcanlar, Fei Li, Shengqi Deng and Yabo Yang
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9585; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219585 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
The rapid pace of urbanization and industrialization has reshaped land use patterns globally, particularly within the interconnected domains of ‘production, living, and ecological spaces’ (PLES). Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of these spaces is crucial for guiding sustainable development. Although a number of previous [...] Read more.
The rapid pace of urbanization and industrialization has reshaped land use patterns globally, particularly within the interconnected domains of ‘production, living, and ecological spaces’ (PLES). Understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of these spaces is crucial for guiding sustainable development. Although a number of previous studies have explored aspects of their dynamics and driving factors, further investigation is needed to fully understand their long-term spatiotemporal evolution and the broader influences of socio-economic and environmental forces. This study aims to fill that important gap by leveraging advanced remote sensing techniques to analyze PLES transformations over a 30-year period. Using Henan Province, China, as a testbed, this study applies high-resolution Landsat data, land use transition matrices, dynamic degree analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and multiple linear regressions to uncover trends and underlying drivers. The results reveal a substantial reduction in production spaces by 3394.62 km² steady growth in living spaces by 4459.41 km² and complex, non-linear changes in ecological spaces, which decreased by 1067.43 km². Key driving forces, such as economic growth, urbanization, and fiscal policies are identified and discussed. These insights provide a robust framework for sustainable land use planning, with broader implications for rapidly urbanizing regions worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover on Regional Sustainable Development)
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16 pages, 496 KiB  
Article
Digital Economy, Employment Structure and Labor Share
by Jing Wang, Zhanggong Tian and Yi Sun
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9584; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219584 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 856
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted employment, making it challenging to increase the labor share. However, the recent expansion of the digital economy has revitalized economic growth and markedly improved productivity. This raises a critical question: can the growth of the digital economy not [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted employment, making it challenging to increase the labor share. However, the recent expansion of the digital economy has revitalized economic growth and markedly improved productivity. This raises a critical question: can the growth of the digital economy not only boost labor productivity but also increase labor share and reduce income inequality? This paper explores the impact of digital economic development on labor share, examining the underlying mechanisms at play. Our findings suggest that the digital economy has the potential to reshape employment structures, leading to an increase in the labor share. However, the extent of this impact varies across different industries. Furthermore, from an industrial chain perspective, the digital economy has created technology spillover effects that benefit upstream and downstream sectors. In light of these findings, it is crucial to continue fostering the growth of the digital economy to address potential negative impacts on the labor share in the future. Full article
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22 pages, 8756 KiB  
Article
Socio-Economic Profile and Vulnerabilities Assessment in Small-Scale Fisheries of Lower Gangetic Flood Plain Wetland: An Initiative Towards Achieving Wetland Ecosystem Sustainability and Community Well-Being
by Shreya Bhattacharya, Basanta Kumar Das, Aparna Roy, Prateep Kumar Nayak, Avishek Saha, Pranaya Kumar Parida, Lianthuamluaia Lianthuamluaia, Kausik Mondal and Sangeeta Chakraborty
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9583; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219583 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 595
Abstract
ICAR-CIFRI has been continuously working to develop wetland fisheries in a transdisciplinary knowledge-to-action mode to upscale the livelihood of vulnerable small-scale fishermen communities. The integrated development approach was initiated in different lower Gangetic floodplain wetlands of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, to [...] Read more.
ICAR-CIFRI has been continuously working to develop wetland fisheries in a transdisciplinary knowledge-to-action mode to upscale the livelihood of vulnerable small-scale fishermen communities. The integrated development approach was initiated in different lower Gangetic floodplain wetlands of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India, to increase the fish production and socio-economic development of small-scale fishermen communities of the wetlands. Duma is one of the most extensive horseshoe-shaped wetlands in Asia. To augment the fish production from this wetland, the pen culture system was adopted by the fishers under the supervision of ICAR-CIFRI in 2021. Within a year, they received 15 tons of commercial fish, valued at around 30 lakhs apart from the small indigenous fish. It has recently been advised that auto-stocked, high-value minor carp in the wetland be adopted to improve income and conserve small indigenous species. In this article, SDG 14 (Life below water) addresses sustainable ecosystem management and livelihood enhancement for the wellbeing of the local people (SDG 3). Nutritional security of the local people is maintained through the small indigenous fish species which is crucial for addressing ‘No hunger’ as per SDG-2. The research also proves that women can play a crucial role in small-scale fisheries and they can economically stand alone, which is the main aim of SDG-5 (gender equality). However, significant issues such as lack of jurisdictional coordination, ecological changes, inequitable distribution of benefits, and income reduction persist in wetland management. The need for urgent reformation of policy and resource management systems is crucial to boost the economic efficiency of the SSF in the wetland. Training for more knowledge on fishing and fish farming, acquiring alternative livelihood and education on financial management should be brought to the fishermen’s communities. These could develop a resilient community that is more equipped to respond to future crises. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Development Goals towards Sustainability)
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20 pages, 1193 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Circular Economy Development in the EU Countries Based on SAW Method
by Virginija Grybaitė and Aurelija Burinskienė
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9582; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219582 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 564
Abstract
The transition to a circular economy is important in achieving sustainability, promoting resource efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. This paper aims to assess the development of a CE in EU countries and highlight the use of environmentally friendly practices for its development. Decision-making [...] Read more.
The transition to a circular economy is important in achieving sustainability, promoting resource efficiency, and reducing environmental impact. This paper aims to assess the development of a CE in EU countries and highlight the use of environmentally friendly practices for its development. Decision-making methods based on various criteria provide a solid basis for evaluating complex and multidimensional circular economy (CE) initiatives. Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), the widely used MCDM method, facilitates sorting and selection according to the generalised results obtained according to weighted criteria. Due to its simplicity and ease of use, this method is particularly useful for assessing CE development in different countries. The evaluation will be based on a comprehensive overview of the available literature and empirical data, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the CE’s development initiatives in the European context using the SAW method. The results show that while significant progress has been made in the EU’s transition to a circular economy (CE), disparities among Member States and data limitations hinder a comprehensive assessment. Italy, Germany, France, the Netherlands, and Spain are among the most advanced countries in achieving a circular economy’s objectives. The study proposes a novel MCDM-based framework that effectively evaluates CE performance, identifying key strengths and weaknesses across countries. By focusing on competitiveness and innovation indicators and incorporating environmental factors, the framework offers valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
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18 pages, 2208 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Impacts of Wood–Aluminum Window Production in Two Life Cycle Assessment Software
by Michal Sečkár, Marián Schwarz, Adam Pochyba and András Polgár
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9581; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219581 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 821
Abstract
In the construction sector, there is a shift towards environmentally conscious practices that prioritize the minimization of environmental burdens. In this study, we dealt with a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of a wood–aluminum window in two software tools. SimaPro (PRé Sustainability) and [...] Read more.
In the construction sector, there is a shift towards environmentally conscious practices that prioritize the minimization of environmental burdens. In this study, we dealt with a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of a wood–aluminum window in two software tools. SimaPro (PRé Sustainability) and Sphera LCA for Experts (formerly known as GaBi) were selected. The results from both software tools were compared to assess the output uniformity of the two selected tools. The results indicate the similarities and differences in the software tools. The most similar results were achieved for impact categories Photochemical Ozone Formation (1.1% difference), Human Toxicity, cancer (total) (3.6% difference), Climate Change (3.7% difference) and for Resource Use, fossils (4.5% difference), respectively. On the other hand, the results were most different in the impact categories Ozone Depletion (84.7% difference), Resource Use, minerals and metals (75% difference), Ecotoxicity, freshwater—inorganics (35.6%) and Ecotoxicity, freshwater (total) (31.2%), respectively. The differences in the LCA results between SimaPro and GaBi were analyzed in-depth and were mainly attributable to using different databases in the transportation process and due to different system boundaries in some processes, with the Ecoinvent data containing significantly more background processes and inconsistencies in the implemented characterization factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Green Building)
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42 pages, 1236 KiB  
Review
Review of Uncertainty, Carbon Emissions, Greenness Index, and Quality Issues in Green Supply Chains
by Sima Ghayebloo, Uday Venkatadri, Claver Diallo, Christian N. Samuel and Mir Saman Pishvaee
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9580; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219580 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 629
Abstract
The ability of closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) and reverse logistics (RL) to improve the triple bottom line (economic, social and environmental values) has increased the development of design and management models for CLSCs and RL. Consequently, there exists an extensive body of literature [...] Read more.
The ability of closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) and reverse logistics (RL) to improve the triple bottom line (economic, social and environmental values) has increased the development of design and management models for CLSCs and RL. Consequently, there exists an extensive body of literature dedicated to exploring these supply and logistics issues. This paper reviews recent and relevant literature on CLSC and RL with an emphasis on uncertainty, carbon emissions, greenness index, return product quality and reliability considerations. The selected references are organized, reviewed, and analyzed to establish valuable mapping to highlight major findings. Finally, the outcomes are synthesized, and the primary research gaps are emphasized, pointing toward potential avenues for future investigation. These findings reveal that research efforts must be directed towards the development of multi-criteria greenness indices and multi-objective robust optimization models for uncertain quality and reliability of returns. Full article
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1 pages, 152 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Sharma et al. Rhizophagus irregularis and Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter with a Reduced Rate of Chemical Fertilizer Application Enhances Pepper Growth Along with Fruits Biochemical and Mineral Composition. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5653
by Meenakshi Sharma, Vandana Sharma, Anil Kumar Delta and Prashant Kaushik
Sustainability 2024, 16(21), 9579; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16219579 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 424
Abstract
In the publication [...] Full article
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