The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Design and Procedures
2.3. Tactical Performance
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Physiological and Subjective Performance
3.2. Tactical Performance
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phases of Play | Principles | Description |
---|---|---|
Offensive | Penetration | Reduction of the distance between the player in possession of the ball and the opponent’s goal or goal line. |
Offensive Coverage | Providing offensive support to the player in possession. | |
Depth Mobility | Generation of organizational instability in the opposing defense. | |
Width and Length without the ball | Utilization and increase of the effective play-space in width and depth. | |
Offensive Unity | Progression movements or offensive support by the player (s) who compose (s) the last transversal line (s) of the team. | |
Defensive | Delay | Opposition to the player in possession. |
Defensive Coverage | Providing defensive support to the player performing delay. | |
Balance | Numerical stability or superiority in opposition relations. | |
Concentration | Increase of defensive protection within the riskier zone to the goal. | |
Defensive Unity | Reduction of the opposition’s effective play-space. |
Phase | Core Tactical Principles | Principle Location | Detailed Performance | Placebo (ME ± SD) | Caffeine (ME ± SD) | MBI-Value (Classification) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Offensive Principles | Penetration | ICP | TPI | 45.38 ± 21.62 | 45.45 ± 18.13 | 0.01 (unclear) |
Frequency | 2.98 ± 2.03 | 2.86 ± 1.63 | −0.07 (unclear) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 78.81 ± 32.71 | 86.59 ± 25.68 | 0.46 (likely beneficial) | |||
Errors | 0.36 ± 0.61 | 0.25 ± 0.45 | −0.44 (possibly beneficial) | |||
Offensive Coverage | ICP | TPI | 46.87 ± 15.58 | 46.27 ± 18.04 | −0.08 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 5.32 ± 3.09 | 4.65 ± 2.95 | −0.39 (unclear) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 92.60 ± 20.20 | 90.58 ± 25.78 | −0.15 (unclear) | |||
Errors | 0.27 ± 0.70 | 0.20 ± 0.69 | −0.18 (unclear) | |||
Width and Length without the ball | OCP | TPI | 47.60 ± 6.74 | 48.05 ± 6.35 | 0.11 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 21.52 ± 6.74 | 22.75 ± 7.97 | 0.26 (possibly beneficial) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 96.12 ± 5.49 | 97.17 ± 5.13 | 0.32 (unclear) | |||
Errors | 0.83 ± 1.15 | 0.57 ± 0.96 | −0.38 (possibly beneficial) | |||
Depth Mobility | OCP | TPI | 48.69 ± 29.67 | 44.41 ± 30.54 | −0.23 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 1.52 ± 1.30 | 1.55 ± 1.30 | 0.04 (unclear) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 79.12 ± 40.23 | 72.37 ± 43.59 | −0.26 (unclear) | |||
Errors | 0.04 ± 0.32 | 0.07 ± 0.33 | 0.21 (unclear) | |||
Offensive Unity | OCP | TPI | 46.01 ± 14.40 | 47.57 ± 15.56 | 0.19 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 6.23 ± 3.49 | 7.29 ± 3.70 | 0.57 (likely beneficial) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 90.83 ± 15.37 | 86.92 ± 20.68 | −0.53 (likely deleterious) | |||
Errors | 0.55 ± 0.84 | 0.79 ± 1.10 | 0.53 (likely deleterious) |
Phase | Core Tactical Principles | Principle Location | Detailed Performance | Placebo (ME ± SD) | Caffeine (ME ± SD) | MBI-Value (Classification) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Defensive Principles | Delay | ICP | TPI | 34.31 ± 11.73 | 33.66 ± 10.96 | −0.13 (unclear) |
Frequency | 6.84 ± 2.82 | 6.27 ± 2.26 | −0.34 (possibly deleterious) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 81.35 ± 20.13 | 84.95 ± 17.45 | 0.31 (possibly beneficial) | |||
Errors | 1.29 ± 1.49 | 0.93 ± 1.11 | −0.41 (likely beneficial) | |||
Defensive Coverage | ICP | TPI | 35.53 ± 21.45 | 25.98 ± 20.95 | −0.99 (very likely deleterious) | |
Frequency | 2.13 ± 1.61 | 1.32 ± 1.10 | −1.02 (very likely deleterious) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 76.27 ± 33.79 | 63.68 ± 44.70 | −0.64 (likely deleterious) | |||
Errors | 0.39 ± 0.85 | 0.22 ± 0.47 | −0.31 (possibly) beneficial | |||
Defensive Balance | OCP | TPI | 29.87 ± 20.88 | 30.93 ± 21.02 | 0.11 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 2.61 ± 3.44 | 2.56 ± 3.21 | −0.02 (unclear) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 72.54 ± 40.97 | 77.24 ± 37.66 | 0.17 (unclear) | |||
Errors | 0.31 ± 0.65 | 0.27 ± 0.64 | −0.09 (unclear) | |||
Concentration | OCP | TPI | 32.79 ± 14.58 | 31.84 ± 18.57 | −0.17 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 4.99 ± 3.09 | 3.88 ± 2.80 | −0.61 (likely deleterious) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 87.14 ± 26.19 | 86.07 ± 29.56 | −0.08 (unclear) | |||
Errors | 0.41 ± 0.79 | 0.29 ± 0.71 | −0.28 (possibly beneficial) | |||
Defensive Unity | OCP | TPI | 31.08 ± 5.08 | 31.12 ± 5.17 | 0.01 (unclear) | |
Frequency | 27.22 ± 9.08 | 26.72 ± 8.30 | −0.08 (unclear) | |||
% Tactical Efficiency | 88.01 ± 10.52 | 90.39 ± 8.11 | 0.38 (likely beneficial) | |||
Errors | 3.24 ± 2.93 | 2.45 ± 2.15 | −0.43 (likely beneficial) |
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de Almeida, R.F.; da Costa, I.T.; Machado, G.; Rinaldi, N.M.; Aquino, R.; Tallis, J.; Clarke, N.D.; Guimaraes-Ferreira, L. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players. Nutrients 2022, 14, 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071466
de Almeida RF, da Costa IT, Machado G, Rinaldi NM, Aquino R, Tallis J, Clarke ND, Guimaraes-Ferreira L. The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players. Nutrients. 2022; 14(7):1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071466
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Almeida, Rodrigo Freire, Israel Teoldo da Costa, Guilherme Machado, Natalia Madalena Rinaldi, Rodrigo Aquino, Jason Tallis, Neil David Clarke, and Lucas Guimaraes-Ferreira. 2022. "The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players" Nutrients 14, no. 7: 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071466
APA Stylede Almeida, R. F., da Costa, I. T., Machado, G., Rinaldi, N. M., Aquino, R., Tallis, J., Clarke, N. D., & Guimaraes-Ferreira, L. (2022). The Effect of Acute Caffeine Ingestion on Tactical Performance of Professional Soccer Players. Nutrients, 14(7), 1466. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071466