A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Study Design and Patients’ Selection Criteria
5.2. Research Protocol
5.3. Data Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Completers | Drop-Out | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 46.6 ± 8.2 | 48.6 ± 12.3 | 0.65 | 0.524 |
Disease duration | 29.2 ± 10.9 | 25.6 ± 12.5 | 1.12 | 0.274 |
Monthly headache frequency | 21.9 ± 6.5 | 20.7 ± 6.4 | 0.75 | 0.458 |
Monthly medication intake | 22.0 ± 10.5 | 27.6 ± 20.4 | 1.11 | 0.281 |
MIDAS | 74.4 ± 60.4 | 77.5 ± 48.6 | 0.20 | 0.844 |
Average headaches severity | 7.8 ± 1.3 | 7.4 ± 1.4 | 1.01 | 0.316 |
HIT-6 | 65.3 ± 6.7 | 65.9 ± 5.0 | 0.35 | 0.730 |
ASC-12 | 4.4 ± 4.4 | 3.8 ± 3.4 | 0.47 | 0.638 |
PCS total score | 30.2 ± 11.2 | 32.9 ± 10.3 | 0.91 | 0.364 |
PCS-Helplessness | 13.8 ± 5.6 | 14.5 ± 4.7 | 0.43 | 0.666 |
PCS-Rumination | 13.8 ± 4.5 | 15.1 ± 5.1 | 1.00 | 0.318 |
PCS-Magnification | 46.6 ± 8.2 | 48.6 ± 12.3 | 0.65 | 0.524 |
PCS-Magnification | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 3.2 ± 2.2 | 0.99 | 0.325 |
Mauchly’s W (p) ε | Within Subjects’ F (p) | Means (95% CI) of the Estimates | Means (95% CI) of the Differences | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 6M | 12M | Baseline-6M | Baseline-12M | |||
Monthly headache frequency | 0.833 (<0.001) ε = 0.874 | F(1.7,136.3) = 55.4 (<0.001) | 21.9 (20.4; 23.4) | 14.0 (12.4; 15.6) | 13.9 (12.3; 15.5) | 7.9 (5.6; 10.3) | 8.0 (5.7; 10.4) |
Monthly medication intake | 0.823 (<0.001) ε = 0.866 | F(1.7,135.2) = 21.6 (<0.001) | 22.0 (19.4; 24.3) | 14.8 (12.1; 17.5) | 14.5 (12.3; 16.7) | 7.2 (3.6; 10.8) | 7.5 (4.1; 10.9) |
MIDAS | 0.820 (<0.001) ε = 0.864 | F(1.7,134.8) = 11.2 (<0.001) | 74.4 (60.9; 88.0) | 51.8 (40.5; 63.0) | 50.3 (40.6; 59.9) | 22.7 (6.7; 38.6) | 24.2 (9.5; 38.9) |
Average headaches severity | 0.893 (0.013) ε = 0.923 | F(1.8,144.1) = 15.5 (<0.001) | 7.8 (7.5; 8.0) | 7.1 (6.8; 7.4) | 7.2 (6.9; 7.6) | 0.7 (0.4; 1.0) | 0.5 (0.2; 0.9) |
HIT-6 | 0.971 (0.321) | F(2,156) = 10.1 (<0.001) | 65.3 (63.8; 66.9) | 61.9 (60.4; 63.5) | 62.5 (61.1; 63.8) | 3.4 (1.3; 5.5) | 2.9 (0.9; 4.9) |
ASC-12 | 0.939 (0.088) | F(2,156) = 1.1 (0.349) | 4.4 (3.4; 5.3) | 3.9 (2.8; 4.9) | 4.0 (3.0; 4.9) | 0.5 (−0.4; 1.4) | 0.4 (−0.5; 1.3) |
PCS total score | 0.927 (0.053) | F(2,156) = 18.8 (<0.001) | 30.2 (27.7; 32.7) | 24.6 (22.2; 27.1) | 25.8 (23.3; 28.4) | 5.6 (3.4; 7.7) | 4.4 (1.7; 7.0) |
PCS Helplessness | 0.883 (0.008) ε = 0.915 | F(1.8,142.8) = 23.6 (<0.001) | 13.8 (12.6; 15.1) | 10.6 (9.4; 11.9) | 11.1 (9.9; 12.4) | 3.2 (2.0; 4.4) | 2.7 (1.3; 4.1) |
PCS Rumination | 0.960 (0.205) | F(2,156) = 13.0 (<0.001) | 13.8 (12.8; 14.8) | 11.8 (10.8; 12.9) | 12.3 (11.3; 13.4) | 2.0 (0.9; 3.0) | 1.5 (0.4; 2.5) |
PCS Magnification | 0.980 (0.456) | F(2,156) = 1.4 (0.241) | 2.6 (2.1; 3.1) | 2.3 (1.8; 2.8) | 2.4 (1.9; 2.8) | 0.3 (−0.2; 0.8) | 0.3 (−0.2; 0.8) |
Multivariable Regression: Initial Model | Multivariable Regression: Final Model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p | Beta | p | |
Constant | - | <0.001 | - | <0.001 |
Δ (0–6M) ASC-12 | 0.146 | 0.201 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS total score | −0.364 | 0.673 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Helplessness | 0.491 | 0.300 | 0.330 | 0.003 |
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Rumination | 0.160 | 0.729 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Magnification | 0.146 | 0.416 | ||
Model fit | R2 = 0.139; Adj R2 = 0.080 F = 2.36 (p = 0.048) | R2 = 0.109; Adj R2 = 0.097 F = 9.39 (p = 0.003) |
Multivariable Regression: Initial Model | Multivariable Regression: Final Model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p | Beta | p | |
Constant | - | 0.032 | - | <0.001 |
Δ (0–6M) ASC-12 | 0.030 | 0.792 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS total score | −0.198 | 0.817 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Helplessness | 0.539 | 0.253 | 0.369 | <0.001 |
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Rumination | 0.004 | 0.993 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Magnification | −0.017 | 0.924 | ||
Model fit | R2 = 0.146; Adj R2 = 0.088 F = 2.50 (p = 0.038) | R2 = 0.136; Adj R2 = 0.125 F = 12.15 (p < 0.001) |
Multivariable Regression: Initial Model | Multivariable Regression: Final Model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p | Beta | p | |
Constant | - | <0.001 | - | <0.001 |
Δ (0–6M) ASC-12 | 0.111 | 0.314 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS total score | −0.437 | 0.268 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Helplessness | 0.628 | 0.021 | 0.357 | 0.001 |
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Rumination | 0.071 | 0.762 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Magnification | 0.153 | 0.232 | ||
Model fit | R2 = 0.164; Adj R2 = 0.107 F = 2.86 (p = 0.021) | R2 = 0.127; Adj R2 = 0.116 F = 11.25 (p = 0.001) |
Multivariable Regression: Initial Model | Multivariable Regression: Final Model | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | p | Beta | p | |
Constant | - | <0.001 | - | <0.001 |
Δ (0–6M) ASC-12 | −0.013 | 0.906 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS total score | 0.527 | 0.188 | 0.347 | 0.002 |
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Helplessness | 0.064 | 0.813 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Rumination | −0.203 | 0.393 | ||
Δ (0–6M) PCS-Magnification | −0.117 | 0.365 | ||
Model fit | R2 = 0.143; Adj R2 = 0.085 F = 2.42 (p = 0.042) | R2 = 0.121; Adj R2 = 0.109 F = 10.56 (p = 0.002) |
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Grazzi, L.; Montisano, D.A.; Rizzoli, P.; Guastafierro, E.; Marcassoli, A.; Fornari, A.; Raggi, A. A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role. Toxins 2023, 15, 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020086
Grazzi L, Montisano DA, Rizzoli P, Guastafierro E, Marcassoli A, Fornari A, Raggi A. A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role. Toxins. 2023; 15(2):86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020086
Chicago/Turabian StyleGrazzi, Licia, Danilo Antonio Montisano, Paul Rizzoli, Erika Guastafierro, Alessia Marcassoli, Arianna Fornari, and Alberto Raggi. 2023. "A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role" Toxins 15, no. 2: 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020086
APA StyleGrazzi, L., Montisano, D. A., Rizzoli, P., Guastafierro, E., Marcassoli, A., Fornari, A., & Raggi, A. (2023). A Single-Group Study on the Effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA in Patients with Chronic Migraine Associated with Medication Overuse Headache: Pain Catastrophizing Plays a Role. Toxins, 15(2), 86. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15020086