Differences in the Ice Particle Shattering Impact on the CIP Measurements in the Stratiform Cloud Region and the Embedded Convection Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Instrument and Data
3. Time-Variant Interarrival Time Threshold Method
- The data for analysis are read and the arrival time of the particle is extracted.
- Taking 10 s as a statistical period and on the premise that the number of particles meets the statistical requirements, the interarrival time of the particles is counted in the form of histogram statistics.
- The distribution of the particles’ interarrival time is fitted using a polynomial fitting method.
- If the fitted mode is consistent with a double mode, the threshold of the interarrival time can be determined as twice the peak value in the short mode.
- Then, the shattered fragments in the statistical period can be identified using the determined threshold.
4. Shattering Effects on the Cloud Microphysical Parameters Measurement
4.1. Effects on Cloud Particle Size Distribution
4.2. Effects on the Particle Number Concentration
4.3. Effects on the Ice Water Content
5. Discussion
5.1. The Interarrival Time Threshold
5.2. Small Ice Particles
6. Conclusions
- The effect of shattering on particle size distribution decreases with the increasing size below 400 μm, fluctuates between 400 μm and 1000 μm and slightly increases with the increasing size of larger than 1000 μm. However, the average ratio of the convective clouds is larger than that of the stratiform regions in the whole size, and nearly twice that in the size of less than 1000 μm.
- Shattered fragments may increase the measured particle number concentration by up to one or two orders of magnitude. In terms of stratiform and convective regions, the influence of shattering events on the particle number concentration in a convective cloud region is greater than that in a stratiform region. On average, the influence on the number concentration measurement in a convective region is 1.5 times that in a stratiform cloud region, and the median difference is even larger: the influence in a convective region is nearly three times that in a stratiform cloud region.
- In terms of the effect of shattering on the ice water content measurement, the influence of shattering events on the ice water measurement in a convective cloud region is greater than that in a stratiform region. On average, the contribution of shattering on the CIP IWC measurement in a convective region is 1.2 times that in a stratiform cloud region.
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Flight | Time (BT 1) | Cloud | Code |
---|---|---|---|
20090418 | 17:44:30–17:46:30 | Stratiform | S1 |
20090418 | 17:48:00–17:50:00 | Convective | C1 |
20090418 | 17:51:00–17:54:00 | Stratiform | S2 |
20090501 | 09:23:00–09:25:00 | Stratiform | S3 |
20090501 | 09:30:00–09:32:00 | Convective | C2 |
20090501 | 09:46:00–09:51:00 | Stratiform | S4 |
20090501 | 09:38:00–09:39:00 | Convective | C3 |
20090501 | 09:51:00–09:52:00 | Convective | C4 |
20090501 | 10:17:00–10:22:30 | Stratiform | S5 |
20090501 | 10:25:00–10:26:30 | Convective | C5 |
Cloud | Mean | Q1 | Minimum | Median | Q3 | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stratiform | 3.86 | 1.38 | 1.00 | 2.02 | 3.94 | 24.10 |
Convective | 7.75 | 3.83 | 1.42 | 6.61 | 10.66 | 22.09 |
Cloud | Mean | Q1 | Minimum | Median | Q3 | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stratiform | 1.29 | 1.08 | 1.00 | 1.20 | 1.36 | 2.33 |
Convective | 1.61 | 1.28 | 1.00 | 1.49 | 1.79 | 3.17 |
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Huang, M. Differences in the Ice Particle Shattering Impact on the CIP Measurements in the Stratiform Cloud Region and the Embedded Convection Region. Water 2021, 13, 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172322
Huang M. Differences in the Ice Particle Shattering Impact on the CIP Measurements in the Stratiform Cloud Region and the Embedded Convection Region. Water. 2021; 13(17):2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172322
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Minsong. 2021. "Differences in the Ice Particle Shattering Impact on the CIP Measurements in the Stratiform Cloud Region and the Embedded Convection Region" Water 13, no. 17: 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172322
APA StyleHuang, M. (2021). Differences in the Ice Particle Shattering Impact on the CIP Measurements in the Stratiform Cloud Region and the Embedded Convection Region. Water, 13(17), 2322. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172322