Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition of Ben Giang-Que Son Complex in the Southern Truong Son Belt: Implications for Permian–Triassic Tectonic Evolution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Regional Geology and Petrography
3. Analytical Methods
3.1. Major and Trace Element Analyses
3.2. Sr-Nd and Pb Isotopes
3.3. Zircon U-Pb Data and Hf Isotopic Composition
4. Analytical Results
4.1. Major and Trace Element Geochemistry
4.2. Nd-Sr Isotopic Composition
4.3. U-Pb Data
5. Discussion
5.1. Emplacement Age of the Ben Giang-Que Son Complex
5.2. Petrogenesis of the Ben Giang-Que Son Complex
5.3. Implications for the Permian–Triassic Magmatism and Tectonic Setting
6. Conclusions
- The Ben Giang-Que Son complex consists of gabbro, gabbrodiorite, quartz diorite, granodiorite, and less granite. They display typical features of I-type granite and belong to the high-K calc-alkaline series.
- The geochemical and whole-rock Nd-Sr (ꜪNd(t) = −3.7 to −0.5) and zircon Hf (ꜪHf(t) = +2.4 to +4.6) isotopic characteristics indicated that the BG-QS gabbro and gabbrodiorite were generated from partial melting of an enriched mantle source. The hornblende diorite and granodiorite were generated from a mixing process of two magmas deriving from the enriched mantle and pre-existing juvenile lower crust. The mantle enrichment was triggered by subduction-related fluids and took place in the past.
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of BG-QS magmatic rocks provides the first reliable emplacement age of the BG-QS complex from 283–275 Ma. These ages indicate the existence of an Indosinian tectonic–thermal event in the study area, which is linked to the oceanic subduction of Paleotethys leading to the amalgamation of the Indochina and South China blocks.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Metcalfe, I. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: Tectonic and palaeogeographic evolution of eastern Tethys. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2013, 66, 1–33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thanh, T.V.; Hieu, P.T.; Minh, P.; Nhuan, D.V.; Thuy, N.T.B. Late Permian-Triassic granitic rocks of Vietnam: The Muong Lat example. Int. Geol. Rev. 2019, 61, 1823–1841. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoa, T.T.; Anh, T.T.; Phuong, N.T.; Dung, P.T.; Anh, T.V.; Izokh, A.E.; Borisenko, A.S.; Lan, C.Y.; Chung, S.L.; Lo, C.H. Permo-Triassic intermediate–felsic magmatism of the Truong Son belt, eastern margin of Indochina. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 2008, 340, 112–126. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shi, M.-F.; Lin, F.-C.; Fan, W.-Y.; Deng, Q.; Cong, F.; Tran, M.-D.; Zhu, H.-P.; Wang, H. Zircon U–Pb ages and geochemistry of granitoids in the Truong Son terrane, Vietnam: Tectonic and metallogenic implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2015, 101, 101–120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hieu, P.T.; Li, S.-Q.; Yu, Y.; Thanh, N.X.; Dung, L.T.; Tu, V.L.; Siebel, W.; Chen, F. Stages of late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic magmatism in the Song Ma belt, NW Vietnam: Evidence from zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope composition. Int. J. Earth Sci. 2017, 106, 855–874. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hieu, P.T.; Anh, N.T.Q.; Minh, P.; Thuy, N.T.B. Geochemistry, zircon U–PB ages and HF isotopes of the Muong Luan granitoid pluton, Northwest Vietnam and its petrogenetic significance. Isl. Arc 2020, 29, e12330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qian, X.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Senebouttalath, V.; Zhang, A.; He, H. Petrogenesis of Permian–Triassic felsic igneous rocks along the Truong Son zone in northern Laos and their Paleotethyan assembly. Lithos 2019, 328–329, 101–114. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thuc, D.D.; Trung, H. Vietnam Geology, Part of II: Magma; Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Survey, Science and Technics Publishing House: Hanoi, Vietnam, 1995; 359p. [Google Scholar]
- Lepvrier, C.; Maluski, H.; Van Tich, V.; Leyreloup, A.; Truong Thi, P. Van Vuong, N. The Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny in Vietnam (Truong Son Belt and Kontum Massif); implications for the geodynamic evolution of Indochina. Tectonophysics 2004, 393, 87–118. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hieu, P.T.; Wang, T. Tong, Y. Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotope, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Cenozoic adakitic intrusive rocks in the Phan Si Pan region, northwestern Vietnam. Acta Petrol. Sin. 2012, 28, 3031–3041. [Google Scholar]
- Trong, N.H.; Zong, K.; Liu, Y.; Yuan, Y.; Hieu, P.T.; Dung, L.T. Minh, P. Early Paleozoic Arc Magmatism and Accretionary Orogenesis in the Indochina Block, Southeast Asia. J. Geol. 2021, 129, 33–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Minh, P.; Trung, H.P.; Kawaguchi, K.; Quynh, A.N.T.; Le Duc, P. Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic composition of the Cha Val plutonic rocks in central Vietnam: Implications for Permian-Triassic Paleo-Tethys subduction-related magmatism. Vietnam J. Earth Sci. 2022, 44, 301–326. [Google Scholar]
- Hieu, P.T.; Yang, Y.-Z.; Binh, D.Q.; Nguyen, T.B.T.; Dung, L.T.; Chen, F. Late Permian to Early Triassic crustal evolution of the Kontum massif, central Vietnam: Zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical and Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the Hai Van granitoid complex. Int. Geol. Rev. 2015, 57, 1877–1888. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- DGMVN. Geology of Vietnam. Vol. 1; Department of Geology and Minerals of Vietnam, Science Publisher: Hanoi, Vietnam, 1995; 359p. [Google Scholar]
- Tran, T.V.; Faure, M.; Nguyen, V.V.; Bui, H.H.; Fyhn, M.B.W.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Lepvrier, C.; Thomsen, T.B.; Tani, K.; Charusiri, P. Neoproterozoic to Early Triassic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of Indochina and adjacent areas: A review with new data. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2020, 191, 104231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tri, T.V.; Khuc, V. Geology and Earth Resources of Vietnam; Publishing House for Science and Technology: Hanoi, Vietnam, 2011; 634p. [Google Scholar]
- Kawaguchi, K.; Minh, P.; Hieu, P.T.; Cuong, T.C.; Das, K. Evolution of supracrustal rocks of the Indochina Block: Evidence from new detrital zircon U–Pb ages of the Kontum Massif, Central Vietnam. J. Mineral. Petrol. Sci. 2021, 116, 69–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dung, N.T.; Anh, T.T.; Hieu, P.T.; Minh, P.; Truong, L.X.; Minh, N.T.; Hung, D.D. Crustal evolution of Paleozoic-Mesozoic granitoid in Dakrong-A Luoi area, Truong Son belt, central Vietnam: Evidence from zircon U-Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and Hf isotope composition. Int. Geol. Rev. 2024, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Metcalfe, I. Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion: An overview. Gondwana Disper. Asian Accretion 1999, 9–28. [Google Scholar]
- Thanh, N.X.; Tu, M.T.; Itaya, T.; Kwon, S. Chromian-spinel compositions from the Bo Xinh ultramafics, Northern Vietnam: Implications on tectonic evolution of the Indochina block. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2011, 42, 258–267. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, R.Y.; Lo, C.H.; Chung, S.L.; Grove, M.; Omori, S.; Iizuka, Y.; Liou, J.G.; Tri, T.V. Origin and Tectonic Implication of Ophiolite and Eclogite in the Song Ma Suture Zone between the South China and Indochina Blocks. J. Metamorph. Geol. 2013, 31, 49–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faure, M.; Lepvrier, C.; Nguyen, V.V.; Vu, T.V.; Lin, W.; Chen, Z. The South China block-Indochina collision: Where, when, and how? J. Asian Earth Sci. 2014, 79, 260–274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tran, H.T.; Zaw, K.; Halpin, J.A.; Manaka, T.; Meffre, S.; Lai, C.-K.; Lee, Y.; Le, H.V.; Dinh, S. The Tam Ky-Phuoc Son Shear Zone in central Vietnam: Tectonic and metallogenic implications. Gondwana Res. 2014, 26, 144–164. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, Q.M.; Feng, Q.; Zi, J.-W.; Zhao, T.; Tran, H.T.; Ngo, T.X.; Tran, D.M.; Nguyen, H.Q. Cambrian intra–oceanic arc trondhjemite and tonalite in the Tam Ky–Phuoc Son Suture Zone, central Vietnam: Implications for the early Paleozoic assembly of the Indochina Block. Gondwana Res. 2019, 70, 151–170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lepvrier, C.; Maluski, H.; Van Vuong, N.; Roques, D.; Axente, V.; Rangin, C. Indosinian NW-trending shear zones within the Truong Son belt (Vietnam) 40Ar-39Ar Triassic ages and Cretaceous to Cenozoic overprints. Tectonophysics 1997, 283, 105–127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, J.; Tran, M.-D.; Tang, Y.; Nguyen, Q.-L.; Tran, T.-H.; Wu, W.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, Z. Permo-Triassic granitoids in the northern part of the Truong Son belt, NW Vietnam: Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications. Gondwana Res. 2012, 22, 628–644. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakano, N.; Osanai, Y.; Owada, M.; Nam, T.N.; Charusiri, P.; Khamphavong, K. Tectonic evolution of high-grade metamorphic terranes in central Vietnam: Constraints from large-scale monazite geochronology. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2013, 73, 520–539. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Cawood, P.A.; Qian, X.; Hieu, P.T.; Yu, X.; Xu, C.; Zhang, F. Archean records in the Kontum Complex (Central Vietnam) and implications for Precambrian crustal evolution in Indochina. Precambrian Res. 2022, 383, 106919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Watson, E.; Harrison, T. Accessory minerals and the geochemical evolution of crustal magmatic systems: A summary and prospectus of experimental approaches. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 1984, 35, 19–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, F.; Hegner, E.; Todt, W. Zircon ages and Nd isotopic and chemical compositions of orthogneisses from the Black Forest, Germany: Evidence for a Cambrian magmatic arc. Int. J. Earth Sci. 2000, 88, 791–802. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, F.; Li, X.-H.; Wang, X.-L.; Li, Q.-L.; Siebel, W. Zircon age and Nd–Hf isotopic composition of the Yunnan Tethyan belt, southwestern China. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2007, 96, 1179–1194. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wiedenbeck, M.; Alle, P.; Corfu, F.; Griffin, W.; Meier, M.; Oberli, F.v.; Quadt, A.v.; Roddick, J.; Spiegel, W. Three natural zircon standards for U-Th-Pb, Lu-Hf, trace element and REE analyses. Geostand. Newslett. 1995, 19, 1–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, F.; Robinson, P.T.; Gerdes, A.; Xue, H.; Liu, P.; Liou, J.G. Zircon U–Pb ages, REE concentrations and Hf isotope compositions of granitic leucosome and pegmatite from the north Sulu UHP terrane in China: Constraints on the timing and nature of partial melting. Lithos 2010, 117, 247–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ludwig, K. User’s manual for isoplot 3.00, a geochronlogical toolkit for microsoft excel. Berk. Geol. Cent. Spec. Publ. 2003, 4, 25–32. [Google Scholar]
- Middlemost, E.A. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth Sci. Rev. 1994, 37, 215–224. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maniar, P.D.; Piccoli, P.M. Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 1989, 101, 635–643. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Peccerillo, A.; Taylor, S. Geochemistry of eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, Northern Turkey. Contrib. Mineral. Petr. 1976, 58, 63–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Irvine, T.N.; Baragar, W. A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can. J. Earth Sci. 1971, 8, 523–548. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, S.S.; McDonough, W.F. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 1989, 42, 313–345. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pearce, J.A.; Harris, N.B.; Tindle, A.G. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J. Petrol. 1984, 25, 956–983. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lan, C.-Y.; Chung, S.-L.; Van Long, T.; Lo, C.-H.; Lee, T.-Y.; Mertzman, S.A.; Jiun-San Shen, J. Geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic constraints from the Kontum massif, central Vietnam on the crustal evolution of the Indochina block. Precambrian Res. 2003, 122, 7–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Owada, M.; Osanai, Y.; Nakano, N.; Matsushita, T.; Tran Ngoc, N.; Tsunogae, T.; Toyoshima, T.; Binh, P.; Kagami, H. Crustal anatexis and formation of two types of granitic magmas in the Kontum massif, central Vietnam: Implications for magma processes in collision zones. Gondwana Res. 2007, 12, 428–437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shellnutt, J.G.; Lan, C.-Y.; Van Long, T.; Usuki, T.; Yang, H.-J.; Mertzman, S.A.; Iizuka, Y.; Chung, S.-L.; Wang, K.-L.; Hsu, W.-Y. Formation of Cretaceous Cordilleran and post-orogenic granites and their microgranular enclaves from the Dalat zone, southern Vietnam: Tectonic implications for the evolution of Southeast Asia. Lithos 2013, 182–183, 229–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Owada, M.; Osanai, Y.; Nakano, N.; Adachi, T.; Kitano, I.; Tri, T.V.; Kagami, H. Late Permian plume–related magmatism and tectonothermal events in the Kontum Massif, central Vietnam. J. Miner. Petrol. Sci. 2016, 111, 181–195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hieu, P.T.; Minh, P.; Lei, W.X.; Nong, A.T.Q.; Kawaguchi, K.; Cuong, T.C. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of the felsic dykes from the Dalat zone, southern Vietnam: Petrogenesis and geological significance. Int. Geol. Rev. 2022, 64, 2822–2836. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Blichert-Toft, J.; Frey, F.; Albarede, F. Hf isotope evidence for pelagic sediments in the source of Hawaiian basalts. Science 1999, 285, 879–882. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hung, D.D.; Tsutsumi, Y.; Hieu, P.T.; Minh, N.T.; Minh, P.; Dung, N.T.; Hung, N.B.; Komatsu, T.; Hoang, N.; Kawaguchi, K. Van Canh Triassic granite in the Kontum Massif, central Vietnam: Geochemistry, geochronology, and tectonic implications. Asian Earth Sci. X 2022, 7, 100075. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hoang, N.K.; Anh, N.T.Q.; Minh, P.; Hieu, P.T.; Thao, N.T. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Dak Krong plutonic rocks in the Kontum Massif (central Vietnam) and their petrogenetic implications. Vietnam. J. Earth Sci. 2023, 45, 303–325. [Google Scholar]
- Hieu, P.T.; Chen, F.-K.; Thuy, N.T.B.; Cường, N.Q.; Li, S.-Q. Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition of Permian alkali granitoids of the Phan Si Pan zone in northwestern Vietnam. J. Geodyn. 2013, 69, 106–121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Usuki, T.; Lan, C.-Y.; Tran, T.H.; Pham, T.D.; Wang, K.-L.; Shellnutt, G.J.; Chung, S.-L. Zircon U–Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions of alkaline silicic magmatic rocks in the Phan Si Pan-Tu Le region, northern Vietnam: Identification of a displaced western extension of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2015, 97, 102–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Minh, P.; Hieu, P.T.; Hoang, N.K. Geochemical and geochronological studies of the Muong Hum alkaline granitic pluton from the Phan Si Pan Zone, northwest Vietnam: Implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting. Isl. Arc 2018, 27, e12250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, S.; Mo, Y.; Wang, C.; Ye, P. Paleotethyan evolution of the Indochina Block as deduced from granites in northern Laos. Gondwana Res. 2016, 38, 183–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shand, S.J. Eruptive Rocks; LWW: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1948; Volume 66. [Google Scholar]
- Cameron, B.; Walker, J.; Carr, M.; Patino, L.; Matıas, O.; Feigenson, M. Flux versus decompression melting at stratovolcanoes in southeastern Guatemala. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 2003, 119, 21–50. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tatsumi, Y.; Takahashi, T. Operation of subduction factory and production of andesite. J. Miner. Petrol. Sci. 2006, 101, 145–153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pearce, J. Immobile element fingerprinting of ophiolites. Elements 2014, 10, 101–108. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hart, S.R. Heterogeneous mantle domains: Signatures, genesis and mixing chronologies. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 1988, 90, 273–296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, S.G. Implications of εNd–La/Nb, Ba/Nb, Nb/Th diagrams to mantle heterogeneity—Classification of island-arc basalts and decomposition of EMII component. Chin. J. Geochem. 1995, 14, 117–127. [Google Scholar]
- Rottura, A.; Bargossi, G.; Caggianelli, A.; Del Moro, A.; Visonà, D.; Tranne, C. Origin and significance of the Permian high-K calc-alkaline magmatism in the central-eastern Southern Alps, Italy. Lithos 1998, 45, 329–348. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harris, N.B.; Pearce, J.A.; Tindle, A.G. Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 1986, 19, 67–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rapp, R.P.; Watson, E.B. Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8–32 kbar: Implications for continental growth and crust-mantle recycling. J. Petrol. 1995, 36, 891–931. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lan, C.-Y.; Chung, S.-L.; Lo, C.-H.; Lee, T.-Y.; Wang, P.-L.; Li, H.; Van Toan, D. First evidence for Archean continental crust in northern Vietnam and its implications for crustal and tectonic evolution in Southeast Asia. Geology 2001, 29, 219–222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, C.; Gan, C.; Hieu, P.T.; Qian, X.; Minh, P.; Zhang, F.; Wang, Y. Geochronology and Geochemistry of Mesoproterozoic Mafic Rocks in the Kontum Complex and Its Implication for the Columbia Reconstruction. Lithosphere 2022, 2022, 4967935. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carter, A.; Roques, D.; Bristow, C.; Kinny, P. Understanding Mesozoic accretion in Southeast Asia: Significance of Triassic thermotectonism (Indosinian orogeny) in Vietnam. Geology 2001, 29, 211–214. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Żelaźniewicz, A.; Hòa, T.T.; Larionov, A.N. The significance of geological and zircon age data derived from the wall rocks of the Ailao Shan–Red River Shear Zone, NW Vietnam. J. Geodyn. 2013, 69, 122–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roger, F.; Jolivet, M.; Maluski, H.; Respaut, J.-P.; Münch, P.; Paquette, J.-L.; Vu Van, T.; Nguyen Van, V. Emplacement and cooling of the Dien Bien Phu granitic complex: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Dien Bien Phu Fault (Truong Son Belt, NW Vietnam). Gondwana Res. 2014, 26, 785–801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakano, N.; Osanai, Y.; Owada, M.; Binh, P.; Hokada, T.; Kaiden, H.; Bui, V.T. Evolution of the Indochina Block from its formation to amalgamation with Asia: Constraints from protoliths in the Kontum Massif, Vietnam. Gondwana Res. 2021, 90, 47–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sang, Đ.Q. Petrographic characteristics and zircon U-Pb geochronology of granitoid rocks in the southern Bến Giằng, Quảng Nam province. Sci. Technol. Dev. 2011, 14, 17–30. [Google Scholar]
- Lepvrier, C.; Van Vuong, N.; Maluski, H.; Truong Thi, P.; Van Vu, T. Indosinian tectonics in Vietnam. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 2008, 340, 94–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kamvong, T.; Khin, Z.; Meffre, S.; Maas, R.; Stein, H.; Lai, C.-K. Adakites in the Truong Son and Loei fold belts, Thailand and Laos: Genesis and implications for geodynamics and metallogeny. Gondwana Res. 2014, 26, 165–184. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Manaka, T.; Zaw, K.; Meffre, S.; Vasconcelos, P.M.; Golding, S.D. The Ban Houayxai epithermal Au–Ag deposit in the Northern Lao PDR: Mineralization related to the Early Permian arc magmatism of the Truong Son Fold Belt. Gondwana Res. 2014, 26, 185–197. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Owada, M.; Osanai, Y.; Nakano, N.; Kitano, I.; Adachi, T.; Binh, P.; Van Tri, T. Timing of magmatism and ultrahigh-to high-grade metamorphism in the Kannak Complex, Kon Tum Massif, Vietnam: Magmatic activity and its tectonic implications. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2020, 200, 104077. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Osanai, Y.; Nakano, N.; Owada, M.; Nam, T.N.; Miyamoto, T.; Minh, N.T.; Nam, N.V.; Tri, T.V. Collision zone metamorphism in Vietnam and adjacent South-eastern Asia: Proposition for Trans Vietnam Orogenic Belt. J. Miner. Petrol. Sci. 2008, 103, 226–241. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hung, D.D.; Tsutsumi, Y.; Komatsu, T.; Hoang, N.; Hung, N.B.; Ha, T.T.; Dung, N.T.; Minh, N.T. The significance of zircon U-Pb ages in the Ba river basin to the timing of major tectonic stages of Kontum massif. Vietnam J. Earth Sci. 2019, 41, 105–115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Maluski, H.; Lepvrier, C.; Leyreloup, A.; Tich, V.V.; Thi, P.T. 40Ar–39Ar geochronology of the charnockites and granulites of the Kan Nack complex, Kon Tum Massif, Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 2005, 25, 653–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakano, N.; Osanai, Y.; Minh, N.T.; Miyamoto, T.; Hayasaka, Y.; Owada, M. Discovery of high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism in northern Vietnam: Constraints on the Permo-Triassic Indochinese continental collision tectonics. Comptes Rendus Geosci. 2008, 340, 127–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nakano, N.; Osanai, Y.; Sajeev, K.; Hayasaka, Y.; Miyamoto, T.; Minh, N.T.; Owada, M.; Windley, B. Triassic eclogite from northern Vietnam: Inferences and geological significance. J. Metamorph. Geol. 2010, 28, 59–76. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, R.Y.; Lo, C.H.; Li, X.H.; Chung, S.L.; Anh, T.T.; Tri, T.V. U-Pb dating and tectonic implication of ophiolite and metabasite from the Song Ma suture zone, northern Vietnam. Am. J. Sci. 2014, 314, 649–678. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nam, T.N. Thermotectonic events from Eparly Proterozoic to Miocene in the Indochina craton: Implication of K–Ar ages in Vietnam. J. Asian Earth Sci. 1998, 16, 475–484. [Google Scholar]
- Owada, M.; Osanai, Y.; Hokada, T.; Nakano, N. Timing of metamorphism and formation of garnet granite in the Kontum Massif, central Vietnam: Evidence from monazite EMP dating. J. Miner. Petrol. Sci. 2006, 101, 324–328. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cuong, T.C.; Hieu, P.T.; Minh, P.; Kawaguchi, K.; Anh, N.T.Q. Zircon U–Pb ages of the pegmatites in the Kontum massif, central Vietnam and their quality evaluation for ceramic industry. J. Miner. Petrol. Sci. 2021, 116, 279–292. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barbarin, B. A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 1999, 46, 605–626. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Faure, M.; Nguyen, V.V.; Hoai, L.T.T.; Lepvrier, C. Early Paleozoic or Early-Middle Triassic collision between the South China and Indochina Blocks: The controversy resolved? Structural insights from the Kon Tum massif (Central Vietnam). J. Asian Earth Sci. 2018, 166, 162–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sample | TS24 | TS25 | TS26 | TS29 | TS30 | TS32 | TS32/1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lithology | Granodiorite | Granodiorite | Granodiorite | Granodiorite | Granodiorite | Gabbrodiorite | Gabbrodiorite |
Latitude | 15°26′03.8″ N | 15°24′33.6″ N | 15°39′26.3″ N | 15°36′03.6″ N | 15°38′49.6″ N | 15°41′33.5″ N | 15°41′33.5″ N |
Longitude | 107°41′32.8″ E | 107°40′20.8″ E | 108°08′04.8″ E | 107°50′10.4″ E | 107°48′57.3″ E | 107°46′00.3″ E | 107°46′00.3″ E |
SiO2 (wt%) | 64.11 | 62.02 | 62.70 | 63.28 | 61.51 | 51.11 | 52.76 |
TiO2 | 0.65 | 0.71 | 0.69 | 0.59 | 0.81 | 1.07 | 1.01 |
Al2O3 | 15.65 | 15.91 | 15.61 | 15.74 | 16.29 | 18.31 | 18.02 |
Fe2O3t | 4.21 | 4.52 | 4.51 | 4.24 | 5.45 | 8.67 | 7.73 |
MnO | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.22 |
MgO | 1.65 | 2.11 | 2.21 | 1.96 | 2.83 | 4.22 | 3.33 |
CaO | 2.95 | 4.02 | 4.01 | 3.61 | 4.21 | 8.41 | 7.70 |
Na2O | 3.32 | 3.82 | 4.10 | 3.58 | 3.41 | 3.95 | 4.34 |
K2O | 4.29 | 4.01 | 3.75 | 3.89 | 3.51 | 1.37 | 1.76 |
P2O5 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.35 |
LOI | 2.13 | 2.24 | 1.21 | 2.48 | 1.20 | 2.15 | 2.10 |
Total | 99.37 | 99.67 | 99.13 | 99.73 | 99.73 | 99.75 | 99.32 |
Mg# | 43.68 | 48.04 | 49.25 | 47.80 | 50.70 | 49.08 | 46.04 |
A/CNK | 1.01 | 0.89 | 0.86 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.79 | 0.78 |
A/NK | 1.55 | 1.50 | 1.44 | 1.56 | 1.73 | 2.29 | 1.99 |
Sc (ppm) | 11.53 | 7.85 | 16.77 | 12.75 | 6.06 | 13.50 | 20.75 |
V | 53.58 | 93.00 | 72.19 | 51.18 | 43.18 | 164.00 | 176.65 |
Cr | 9.19 | 36.80 | 18.40 | 15.14 | 11.80 | 28.90 | 26.60 |
Ni | 7.05 | 17.20 | 16.88 | 11.91 | 8.24 | 19.40 | 41.38 |
Cu | 9.73 | 60.20 | 23.82 | 3.49 | 17.22 | 12.60 | 5.81 |
Zn | 30.90 | 66.50 | 71.03 | 46.26 | 118.77 | 121.00 | 94.02 |
Ga | 20.74 | 18.30 | 24.22 | 20.12 | 18.62 | 22.40 | 21.74 |
Rb | 89.06 | 79.00 | 40.59 | 71.31 | 114.92 | 37.60 | 87.66 |
Sr | 414.49 | 550.00 | 335.65 | 479.09 | 414.88 | 739.00 | 592.23 |
Zr | 207.38 | 201.14 | 199.92 | 186.19 | 298.10 | 188.00 | 178.07 |
Nb | 22.11 | 17.40 | 34.89 | 20.54 | 22.55 | 10.20 | 30.48 |
Cs | 1.88 | 1.31 | 3.08 | 2.98 | 1.73 | 3.41 | 1.45 |
Ba | 1367.88 | 717.00 | 133.21 | 1787.29 | 1094.33 | 407.00 | 399.00 |
Hf | 5.63 | 9.33 | 9.65 | 5.25 | 9.45 | 4.54 | 4.50 |
Ta | 1.67 | 1.37 | 1.90 | 0.81 | 2.17 | 0.54 | 0.52 |
Pb | 19.47 | 272.00 | 11.06 | 23.30 | 45.19 | 14.52 | 14.52 |
Th | 7.24 | 1.87 | 3.65 | 2.97 | 9.62 | 8.21 | 8.21 |
U | 51.00 | 15.11 | 36.49 | 37.34 | 62.80 | 44.35 | 44.35 |
La | 84.54 | 30.70 | 93.49 | 81.38 | 83.53 | 22.00 | 25.11 |
Ce | 150.71 | 62.60 | 173.70 | 146.93 | 148.94 | 49.40 | 50.60 |
Pr | 16.16 | 7.01 | 20.14 | 16.26 | 16.45 | 6.39 | 7.02 |
Nd | 51.66 | 25.10 | 71.01 | 59.88 | 45.60 | 56.91 | 26.11 |
Sm | 7.45 | 4.50 | 13.05 | 6.44 | 7.98 | 8.31 | 5.69 |
Eu | 1.37 | 0.98 | 1.85 | 1.52 | 1.45 | 1.34 | 1.33 |
Gd | 7.28 | 3.42 | 12.46 | 7.69 | 7.64 | 4.33 | 4.40 |
Tb | 0.90 | 0.50 | 1.81 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.64 | 0.59 |
Dy | 4.55 | 2.74 | 9.84 | 4.94 | 4.95 | 3.50 | 3.48 |
Ho | 0.78 | 0.58 | 1.89 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.70 | 0.69 |
Er | 2.32 | 1.65 | 5.38 | 2.48 | 2.76 | 1.90 | 1.88 |
Tm | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.74 | 0.32 | 0.38 | 0.29 | 0.31 |
Yb | 2.03 | 1.84 | 4.59 | 2.05 | 2.38 | 1.84 | 1.85 |
Lu | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.68 | 0.30 | 0.37 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
Y | 22.77 | 16.80 | 46.86 | 21.59 | 23.96 | 19.90 | 21.10 |
Li | 6.55 | 5.59 | 24.18 | 10.36 | 7.23 | 27.90 | 15.02 |
Be | 3.24 | 4.26 | 3.85 | 2.78 | 2.76 | 1.42 | 3.30 |
10,000Ga/Al | 2.50 | 2.17 | 2.93 | 2.41 | 2.16 | 2.31 | 2.28 |
ToZircon | 793.91 | 769.06 | 765.35 | 774.10 | 811.77 | 715.99 | 716.56 |
Eu/Eu* | 0.57 | 0.76 | 0.44 | 0.66 | 0.57 | 0.68 | 0.81 |
∑LREE | 311.89 | 130.89 | 373.23 | 312.41 | 303.95 | 144.35 | 115.86 |
∑HREE | 18.52 | 11.30 | 37.39 | 19.65 | 20.41 | 13.48 | 13.45 |
∑REE | 330.41 | 142.19 | 410.62 | 332.06 | 324.36 | 157.83 | 129.31 |
(La/Yb)n | 29.83 | 11.97 | 14.62 | 28.42 | 25.19 | 8.58 | 9.74 |
(Tb/Yb)n | 2.02 | 1.24 | 1.79 | 2.24 | 1.93 | 1.59 | 1.45 |
(La/Nd)n | 3.22 | 2.41 | 2.59 | 2.68 | 3.61 | 0.76 | 1.89 |
Ybn | 11.96 | 10.82 | 26.98 | 12.08 | 13.99 | 10.82 | 10.88 |
Q (CIPW) | 18.31 | 11.91 | 11.89 | 15.64 | 13.17 | ||
C | 0.90 | 0.33 | |||||
Or | 26.07 | 24.32 | 22.63 | 23.64 | 21.05 | 8.30 | 10.70 |
Ab | 28.89 | 33.18 | 35.43 | 31.11 | 29.29 | 34.24 | 37.77 |
An | 13.10 | 14.80 | 13.39 | 15.85 | 18.15 | 28.88 | 25.19 |
Di(FS) | 1.51 | 2.15 | 0.30 | 4.93 | 5.23 | ||
Di(MS) | 1.53 | 2.22 | 0.29 | 4.88 | 4.58 | ||
Hy(MS) | 4.23 | 4.69 | 4.59 | 4.88 | 7.15 | 1.95 | 2.66 |
Hy(FS) | 5.91 | 5.29 | 5.10 | 5.86 | 7.42 | 2.26 | 3.49 |
Ol(MS) | 4.60 | 2.63 | |||||
Ol(FS) | 5.87 | 3.79 | |||||
Mt | 0.63 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.80 | 1.29 | 1.16 |
Il | 1.27 | 1.39 | 1.34 | 1.15 | 1.56 | 2.08 | 1.97 |
Ap | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.66 | 1.08 | 0.74 | 0.83 |
Sample | Rb | Sr | 87Rb/86Sr | (87Sr/86Sr)m | (87Sr/86Sr)i | Sm | Nd | 147Sm/144Nd | (143Nd/144Nd)m | (143Nd/144Nd)i | ꜪNd(t) | TDM2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(ppm) | (ppm) | (±2σ) | (ppm) | (ppm) | (±2σ) | (Ga) | ||||||
TS25 | 40.6 | 335.7 | 0.3503 | 0.717963 ± 5 | 0.71782 | 8.5 | 62.1 | 0.1053 | 0.512279 ± 11 | 0.512086 | −3.7 | 1.16 |
TS26 | 141.0 | 550.0 | 0.7424 | 0.711280 ± 8 | 0.71098 | 4.5 | 25.1 | 0.1084 | 0.512286 ± 6 | 0.512087 | −3.3 | 0.99 |
TS32 | 37.6 | 739.0 | 0.1473 | 0.709079 ± 8 | 0.70849 | 8.3 | 53.9 | 0.0923 | 0.512411 ± 14 | 0.512132 | −0.5 | 1.03 |
TS32/1 | 71.3 | 479.1 | 0.4310 | 0.714958 ± 5 | 0.71479 | 5.1 | 26.0 | 0.1177 | 0.512396 ± 5 | 0.512181 | −1.9 | 1.13 |
Sample | Th/U | Isotopic Ratios | Age (Ma) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
207Pb/206Pb | 1σ | 207Pb/235U | 1σ | 206Pb/238U | 1σ | 206Pb/238U | 1σ | 207Pb/235U | 1σ | Conc% | ||
TS32 | 15°41′33.5″ N, 107°46′00.3″ E | |||||||||||
−1 | 0.6 | 0.052390 | 0.000730 | 0.328960 | 0.004890 | 0.045540 | 0.000430 | 287 | 3 | 289 | 4 | 99 |
−2 | 0.8 | 0.052130 | 0.000700 | 0.307140 | 0.005050 | 0.042730 | 0.000520 | 270 | 3 | 272 | 4 | 99 |
−3 | 0.7 | 0.052530 | 0.000740 | 0.327010 | 0.005250 | 0.045130 | 0.000490 | 285 | 3 | 287 | 4 | 99 |
−4 | 0.6 | 0.052300 | 0.000770 | 0.318160 | 0.006140 | 0.044060 | 0.000570 | 278 | 4 | 280 | 5 | 99 |
−5 | 0.6 | 0.051560 | 0.000780 | 0.304690 | 0.005250 | 0.042940 | 0.000620 | 271 | 4 | 270 | 4 | 100 |
−6 | 0.5 | 0.054800 | 0.000940 | 0.330140 | 0.007500 | 0.043530 | 0.000590 | 275 | 4 | 290 | 6 | 95 |
−7 | 0.7 | 0.051930 | 0.000750 | 0.305800 | 0.005590 | 0.042720 | 0.000620 | 270 | 4 | 271 | 4 | 100 |
−8 | 0.5 | 0.051250 | 0.000970 | 0.316880 | 0.006370 | 0.044880 | 0.000600 | 283 | 4 | 279 | 5 | 101 |
−9 | 0.6 | 0.052420 | 0.000710 | 0.325270 | 0.005360 | 0.044930 | 0.000560 | 283 | 3 | 286 | 4 | 99 |
−10 | 0.7 | 0.052060 | 0.000780 | 0.308750 | 0.004560 | 0.043070 | 0.000540 | 272 | 3 | 273 | 4 | 100 |
−11 | 0.7 | 0.052000 | 0.000730 | 0.308300 | 0.005110 | 0.042950 | 0.000560 | 271 | 3 | 273 | 4 | 99 |
−12 | 0.8 | 0.051600 | 0.000640 | 0.320190 | 0.005590 | 0.044880 | 0.000650 | 283 | 4 | 282 | 4 | 100 |
−13 | 0.6 | 0.051770 | 0.001010 | 0.315520 | 0.006950 | 0.044250 | 0.000770 | 279 | 5 | 278 | 5 | 100 |
−14 | 0.5 | 0.051990 | 0.000840 | 0.322550 | 0.006470 | 0.044910 | 0.000660 | 283 | 4 | 284 | 5 | 100 |
−15 | 0.6 | 0.051550 | 0.001000 | 0.318350 | 0.007230 | 0.044810 | 0.000720 | 283 | 4 | 281 | 6 | 101 |
−16 | 0.9 | 0.052250 | 0.000650 | 0.330230 | 0.004530 | 0.045770 | 0.000490 | 288 | 3 | 290 | 3 | 99 |
−17 | 0.6 | 0.052270 | 0.000780 | 0.329910 | 0.005820 | 0.045630 | 0.000450 | 288 | 3 | 289 | 4 | 100 |
−18 | 0.5 | 0.052470 | 0.001150 | 0.341590 | 0.007520 | 0.047250 | 0.000540 | 298 | 3 | 298 | 6 | 100 |
−19 | 0.6 | 0.052690 | 0.000720 | 0.342830 | 0.004800 | 0.047170 | 0.000480 | 297 | 3 | 299 | 4 | 99 |
−20 | 0.6 | 0.052550 | 0.001102 | 0.342841 | 0.012370 | 0.044840 | 0.000660 | 282 | 5 | 300 | 6 | 94 |
TS26 | 15°39′26.3″ N, 108°08′04.8″ E | |||||||||||
−1 | 0.6 | 0.054720 | 0.001960 | 0.332660 | 0.015710 | 0.044190 | 0.002020 | 279 | 12 | 292 | 12 | 96 |
−2 | 0.6 | 0.059280 | 0.002660 | 0.356480 | 0.019260 | 0.043510 | 0.002020 | 275 | 9 | 310 | 14 | 89 |
−3 | 0.5 | 0.058390 | 0.002630 | 0.348770 | 0.018540 | 0.043640 | 0.002000 | 275 | 5 | 304 | 14 | 90 |
−4 | 0.8 | 0.052160 | 0.002040 | 0.306170 | 0.015320 | 0.042930 | 0.001960 | 271 | 12 | 271 | 12 | 100 |
−5 | 0.5 | 0.058370 | 0.001880 | 0.354710 | 0.016150 | 0.044030 | 0.002000 | 278 | 12 | 308 | 12 | 90 |
−6 | 1.3 | 0.054740 | 0.001910 | 0.329660 | 0.015270 | 0.043630 | 0.001980 | 275 | 12 | 289 | 12 | 95 |
−7 | 0.9 | 0.054890 | 0.001800 | 0.343840 | 0.015500 | 0.045860 | 0.002090 | 289 | 13 | 300 | 12 | 96 |
−8 | 0.7 | 0.059070 | 0.002665 | 0.338534 | 0.016378 | 0.041639 | 0.000538 | 264 | 4 | 296 | 12 | 89 |
−9 | 0.6 | 0.053610 | 0.001730 | 0.330840 | 0.015170 | 0.044530 | 0.002030 | 281 | 13 | 290 | 12 | 97 |
−10 | 0.8 | 0.060820 | 0.002440 | 0.375680 | 0.019560 | 0.044660 | 0.002060 | 282 | 13 | 324 | 14 | 87 |
−11 | 0.5 | 0.061000 | 0.001790 | 0.386370 | 0.017300 | 0.045830 | 0.002110 | 289 | 13 | 332 | 13 | 87 |
−12 | 1.3 | 0.065860 | 0.002084 | 0.406058 | 0.013965 | 0.044020 | 0.000576 | 278 | 4 | 346 | 10 | 80 |
−13 | 0.6 | 0.066820 | 0.001870 | 0.391372 | 0.015330 | 0.042490 | 0.000660 | 268 | 7 | 335 | 11 | 80 |
−14 | 0.5 | 0.052340 | 0.002720 | 0.293350 | 0.017710 | 0.041210 | 0.001910 | 260 | 12 | 261 | 14 | 100 |
−15 | 0.9 | 0.068470 | 0.003490 | 0.422580 | 0.026310 | 0.045650 | 0.002100 | 288 | 13 | 358 | 19 | 80 |
−16 | 1.2 | 0.071140 | 0.001990 | 0.429270 | 0.017320 | 0.043380 | 0.000630 | 271 | 7 | 363 | 12 | 75 |
−17 | 1.9 | 0.064000 | 0.001690 | 0.367810 | 0.014480 | 0.041860 | 0.000640 | 264 | 7 | 318 | 11 | 83 |
−18 | 0.9 | 0.055550 | 0.001520 | 0.342840 | 0.013700 | 0.044940 | 0.000660 | 283 | 4 | 299 | 10 | 95 |
−19 | 0.4 | 0.067600 | 0.002940 | 0.403050 | 0.025000 | 0.044290 | 0.000970 | 279 | 6 | 344 | 18 | 81 |
−20 | 0.7 | 0.063740 | 0.001910 | 0.378010 | 0.016590 | 0.043660 | 0.001990 | 275 | 12 | 326 | 12 | 84 |
Sample | 176Yb/177Hf | 176Lu/177Hf | 176Hf/177Hf | ±2σ | 176Hf/177Hf | εHf(t) | ±2σ | TDM1 | TDM2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(t) | (Ma) | (Ma) | |||||||
TS32 | 15°41′33.5″ N, 107°46′00.3″ E | ||||||||
TS32-01 | 0.047077 | 0.001076 | 0.282733 | 13 | 0.282726 | 4.5 | 0.5 | 740 | 1016 |
TS32-02 | 0.067407 | 0.001618 | 0.282730 | 13 | 0.282719 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 756 | 1030 |
TS32-03 | 0.039887 | 0.001048 | 0.282710 | 13 | 0.282703 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 772 | 1068 |
TS32-04 | 0.039590 | 0.001004 | 0.282703 | 13 | 0.282696 | 3.5 | 0.5 | 782 | 1083 |
TS32-05 | 0.042873 | 0.001091 | 0.282716 | 13 | 0.282709 | 3.9 | 0.5 | 764 | 1054 |
TS32-06 | 0.020724 | 0.000501 | 0.282708 | 13 | 0.282703 | 3.7 | 0.5 | 764 | 1066 |
TS32-07 | 0.016587 | 0.000399 | 0.282688 | 13 | 0.282684 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 790 | 1110 |
TS32-08 | 0.020301 | 0.000505 | 0.282670 | 13 | 0.282665 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 818 | 1153 |
TS32-09 | 0.030248 | 0.000738 | 0.282712 | 11 | 0.282706 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 764 | 1061 |
TS32-10 | 0.059772 | 0.001500 | 0.282730 | 13 | 0.282720 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 754 | 1029 |
TS32-11 | 0.023293 | 0.000569 | 0.282713 | 12 | 0.282708 | 3.9 | 0.4 | 759 | 1056 |
TS32-12 | 0.036473 | 0.000880 | 0.282723 | 13 | 0.282717 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 750 | 1036 |
TS32-13 | 0.036418 | 0.000886 | 0.282721 | 13 | 0.282714 | 4.1 | 0.5 | 754 | 1042 |
TS32-14 | 0.025458 | 0.000640 | 0.282679 | 13 | 0.282673 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 808 | 1134 |
TS32-15 | 0.039556 | 0.000991 | 0.282723 | 13 | 0.282716 | 4.2 | 0.5 | 753 | 1038 |
TS32-16 | 0.021192 | 0.000556 | 0.282691 | 12 | 0.282687 | 3.1 | 0.4 | 788 | 1104 |
TS32-17 | 0.049443 | 0.001303 | 0.282738 | 13 | 0.282729 | 4.6 | 0.5 | 738 | 1008 |
TS32-18 | 0.048206 | 0.001200 | 0.282737 | 13 | 0.282729 | 4.6 | 0.5 | 738 | 1009 |
TS32-19 | 0.026404 | 0.000686 | 0.282689 | 15 | 0.282684 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 794 | 1110 |
TS32-20 | 0.026130 | 0.000665 | 0.282699 | 13 | 0.282694 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 779 | 1087 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Nguyen, T.T.B.; Hieu, P.T.; Xin, Q.; Anh, B.T.; Xuan, N.T.; Minh, P.; Thu, H.T. Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition of Ben Giang-Que Son Complex in the Southern Truong Son Belt: Implications for Permian–Triassic Tectonic Evolution. Minerals 2024, 14, 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060569
Nguyen TTB, Hieu PT, Xin Q, Anh BT, Xuan NT, Minh P, Thu HT. Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition of Ben Giang-Que Son Complex in the Southern Truong Son Belt: Implications for Permian–Triassic Tectonic Evolution. Minerals. 2024; 14(6):569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060569
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Thuy Thi Bich, Pham Trung Hieu, Qian Xin, Bui The Anh, Nguyen Thi Xuan, Pham Minh, and Ho Thi Thu. 2024. "Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition of Ben Giang-Que Son Complex in the Southern Truong Son Belt: Implications for Permian–Triassic Tectonic Evolution" Minerals 14, no. 6: 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060569
APA StyleNguyen, T. T. B., Hieu, P. T., Xin, Q., Anh, B. T., Xuan, N. T., Minh, P., & Thu, H. T. (2024). Zircon U-Pb Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Composition of Ben Giang-Que Son Complex in the Southern Truong Son Belt: Implications for Permian–Triassic Tectonic Evolution. Minerals, 14(6), 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/min14060569