The Effects of Adding TiO₂ and CuO Nanoparticles to Fuel on Engine and Hand–Arm Driver Vibrations

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

In this manuscript, the authors investigated the effects of adding TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles to fuel on engine-driver vibrations and brake power. The organization and composition of the manuscript is good. And the subject of the manuscript falls within the scope of this journal. However, there are some changes and improvements that need to be addressed before it could be considered and accepted.

(1) In the introduction section, there are so many paragraphs, which should be combined. 

(2) The background is insufficient. Actually, the physicochemical properties TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles will affect the fuel properties, such as lower heating value, viscosity, density, etc. Do these nanoparticles affect the combustion stability of the test engine? Generally, high combustion cyclic variability will not only greatly impact the fuel conversion efficiency, but also cause high fluctuation in the outputted torque, and directly affect the vehicle’s controllability and comfortability. Thus, more recent papers should be referred, which can enrich the background of the introduction (Fuel. 2022;307:121843. ).

(3) The quality of the figures is poor, please modify it in the revised manuscirpt.

(4) The test facilities and instruments and their accuracies should be listed in the paper.

(5) The lower heating value of the G+100ppm CuO is higher than that of the G+100ppm TiO2, why the brake power of the test engine fueleld with the G+100ppm CuO is lower than that of the G+100ppm TiO2? Since the lower heating value strongly affects the brake power of the engine.

(6) Besides, I would like to kindly suggest a revision with regard to the expression in the English language: again, even if understandable, this good work would benefit from a little more clarity in some sentences.

 

Comments on the Quality of English Language

The language should be further improved with the help of the experts. 

Author Response

The response letter is attached.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The paper titled " The Effects of Adding TiO2 and CuO Nanoparticles to Fuel on Engine and Hand-Arm Driver Vibrations " experimentally investigated the impact of TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles on engine vibrations and their transmission to the driver's hand-arm system. The study is timely, given the increasing interest in nanofuels and their potential to improve engine performance and reduce vibrations. Some important points have been summarized below need to be clarified before this paper can proceed and a positive action can be taken:

1. The manuscript should provide a more detailed comparison of the results with existing literature, highlighting how this study advances the current understanding of nanoparticle effects on engine dynamics.

2. The results show a reduction in engine vibrations with the addition of nanoparticles, which is promising. However, the paper should discuss potential mechanisms behind these observations, such as changes in combustion characteristics or heat transfer properties.

3. Out of curiosity, will the introduction of nanoparticles change the frequency domain of the engine vibrations?

4. The paper mentions an increase in brake power with nanoparticle addition but does not delve into the thermodynamic implications or provide a theoretical basis for this observation.

5. A discussion on the long-term engine durability and potential wear effects due to nanoparticle usage would be valuable, as this is a critical factor in practical applications.

6. What are the specific mechanisms by which TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles influence engine vibrations, and how do these mechanisms relate to changes in combustion processes?

7. How do the nanoparticles' physical and chemical properties, such as size, shape, and surface area, affect their performance as fuel additives?

8. What are the long-term implications of using these nanoparticles on engine components, particularly in terms of wear and tear?

9. Can the authors provide more insight into the economic feasibility of scaling up the use of these nanofuels, considering the costs of nanoparticles and the potential increase in engine maintenance?

Comments on the Quality of English Language

There are large left space of the main content in this paper, please carefully check the format requirement of this journal.

Author Response

The response letter is attached.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Missing schematic overview of the testbench and all the facilities.

Missing schematic overview of the control system and how does it works.

In section 3.3 missing overview table for each instrumentation used for calibration and the overview table with the parameters and the mistake.
Were those instruments good enough for the calibration? Were the calibration lists prepared and stored?

row 89 - some of the links to the used literature shouldnt be used (22,25)

row 161-166: Video system with 3 used cameras is mentioned. It is not visible on figures. Could authors provide more figures and describe preciselly how this system is working and used?

row 351-357 Experimental description will be much more better understandable using a graph where those parameters will be shown based on tim as an X axis.

figures 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 - it is not clear what was the differences between the experiments shown at these figures. It will be much more understandable to show all experiments comparison as a one figure from each section (with unique line type for each experiment).

 

Author Response

The response letter is attached.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The authors have addressed my concerns and suggestions appropriately, hence I recommend this paper for publication.

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

no additional comments