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Behavioral Sciences
Volume 12
Issue 7
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Behav. Sci., Volume 12, Issue 7 (July 2022) – 45 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Low socioeconomic conditions are associated with financial hardship, poor social support networks, and physical safety concerns. Throughout history, these conditions have also been correlated with food shortages. It has been hypothesized that those who survived these harsh conditions were those who developed trait appetite, the desire to eat in the absence of an energy deficit. This study empirically confirms that trait appetite is a fixed eating pattern that develops as a product of low socioeconomic conditions experienced during childhood, which were found to increase the desire for high-energy dense foods and decrease desire for low-energy dense foods. These eating preferences endure and carry into adulthood. View this paper
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13 pages, 2588 KiB  
Article
A Rasch Analysis of Students’ Academic Motivation toward Mathematics in an Adaptive Learning System
by Lyndon Lim, Seo Hong Lim and Wei Ying Rebekah Lim
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070244 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2952
Abstract
Despite the criticality of considering student academic motivation as it influences learning, research within the field of adaptive learning technologies for education has so far focused more on customising instruction to implement personalised learning, than investigating how personalised learning is associated with learners’ [...] Read more.
Despite the criticality of considering student academic motivation as it influences learning, research within the field of adaptive learning technologies for education has so far focused more on customising instruction to implement personalised learning, than investigating how personalised learning is associated with learners’ motivation. Given this, a robust instrument is required to gather information about student academic motivation within the context of adaptive learning technologies. This study sought to validate the Academic Motivation Toward Mathematics Survey (AMTMS) currently used to measure motivation based on self-determination theory in mathematics education at pre-tertiary levels (grades 11 and 12) in Asia. A total of 196 participants recruited via availability sampling took part in this study, after interacting with an in-house mathematics adaptive learning system within a tertiary educational institution. The validation was performed based on modern test theory given that it overcomes some limitations of classical factor analytic approaches. Results supported the factorial structure of the AMTMS but 12 of the original 21 items had to be rescored to establish ordered thresholds. Further, the bifactor equivalent solution suggested the possibility of reporting a singular motivation index comprising the five factors within the AMTMS. Along with the results, this study offers researchers a robust and validated instrument to measure motivation toward mathematics that can be used within an adaptive learning environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Student Behavior to Assess and Support Student Learning in Virtual Environments)
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16 pages, 2796 KiB  
Article
Different Neural Activities for Actions and Language within the Shared Brain Regions: Evidence from Action and Verb Generation
by Zijian Wang, Qian Xi, Hong Zhang, Yalin Song and Shiqi Cao
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070243 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2073
Abstract
The Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Premotor Cortex and Inferior Parietal Lobe were suggested to be involved in action and language processing. However, the patterns of neural activities in the shared neural regions are still unclear. This study designed an fMRI experiment to analyze the [...] Read more.
The Inferior Frontal Gyrus, Premotor Cortex and Inferior Parietal Lobe were suggested to be involved in action and language processing. However, the patterns of neural activities in the shared neural regions are still unclear. This study designed an fMRI experiment to analyze the neural activity associations between action and verb generation for object nouns. Using noun reading as a control task, we compared the differences and similarities of brain regions activated by action and verb generation. The results showed that the action generation task activated more in the dorsal Premotor Cortex (PMC), parts of the midline of PMC and the left Inferior Parietal Lobe (IPL) than the verb generation task. Subregions in the bilateral Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) and the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) were found to be shared by action and verb generation. Then, mean activation level analysis and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) were performed in the overlapping activation regions of two generation tasks in the shared regions. The bilateral SMA and the left IFG were found to have overlapping activations with action and verb generation. All the shared regions were found to have different activation patterns, and the mean activation levels of the shared regions in the bilateral of SMA were significantly higher in the action generation. Based on the function of these brain regions, it can be inferred that the shared regions in the bilateral SMA and the left IFG process action and language generation in a task-specific and intention-specific manner, respectively. Full article
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20 pages, 425 KiB  
Article
Personality Traits as Predictors of Malevolent Creative Ideation in Offenders
by Enikő Szabó, Attila Körmendi, Győző Kurucz, David Cropley, Timea Olajos and Nóra Pataky
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070242 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4005
Abstract
Malevolent creativity, which can be defined as creativity that is deliberately planned to damage others, is a concept that explains how the capacity to generate novel and effective outcomes (creativity) may, on occasion, be misapplied. The present study used 130 male inmates of [...] Read more.
Malevolent creativity, which can be defined as creativity that is deliberately planned to damage others, is a concept that explains how the capacity to generate novel and effective outcomes (creativity) may, on occasion, be misapplied. The present study used 130 male inmates of the Oradea Maximum Security Penitentiary in Romania to explore the ability of a set of personality variables (the dark triad, self-efficacy, and self-esteem) to predict malevolent creative ideation. The findings indicate that Machiavellianism and self-efficacy were significant predictors of malevolent creative ideation in the form of lying, while only Machiavellianism was a significant predictor of malevolent creative ideation in the form of hurting people. In addition, the present study found significant differences among subgroups in the sample, with more experienced offenders showing higher levels of malevolent creative ideation. Full article
11 pages, 750 KiB  
Article
Neuroticism and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescence: A Mediation Model Moderate by Negative Affect and Self-Esteem
by Nieves Fátima Oropesa Ruiz, Isabel Mercader Rubio, Nieves Gutiérrez Ángel and María Araceli Pérez García
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070241 - 19 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3915
Abstract
Different studies have revealed that high scores in neuroticism relate to feelings of guilt, flustering, low self-esteem, and insecurity in relationships with others. The main objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between neuroticism and emotional intelligence in the adolescent stage [...] Read more.
Different studies have revealed that high scores in neuroticism relate to feelings of guilt, flustering, low self-esteem, and insecurity in relationships with others. The main objective of this work is to analyze the relationship between neuroticism and emotional intelligence in the adolescent stage and try to go one step further in the study of that relationship through the formulation of a moderate mediation model in which negative affect participates as a mediating variable and self-esteem as a moderating variable. Method: The total number of adolescents amounted to 742, with a very similar sample in both sexes, 45.1% boys and 51.5% girls. They were between 13 and 19 years old (M = 15.63, SD = 1.244) and lived in the province of Almería, Spain. Results: First, our main results significantly reflected that the neuroticism personality trait increased negative affect as self-esteem decreased. Second, statistical analyzes showed that the effect of neuroticism on attention and emotional repair was mediated by negative affect, the effect being greater when self-esteem was lower. Therefore, negative affect was presented as a mediating variable in the relationship between neuroticism and attention and emotional repair, with self-esteem acting as a moderating variable in the model. Conclusions: These findings have implications for professional practice with adolescents, since they highlight the importance of carrying out interventions that contribute to the development of self-esteem in the prevention of neuroticism since these actions can help moderate the effect exerted by the negative affect on emotional attention and repair, improving the emotional intelligence of the adolescent and, therefore, their psychological health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)
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26 pages, 686 KiB  
Article
Domains of Vulnerability, Resilience, Health Habits, and Mental and Physical Health for Health Disparities Research
by Rebecca M. Wolfe, Katie Beck-Felts, Brianna Speakar and William D. Spaulding
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 240; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070240 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3071
Abstract
Health disparities associated with severe mental illness (SMI) have become a major public health concern. The disparities are not directly due to the SMI. They involve the same leading causes of premature death as in the general population. The causes of the disparities [...] Read more.
Health disparities associated with severe mental illness (SMI) have become a major public health concern. The disparities are not directly due to the SMI. They involve the same leading causes of premature death as in the general population. The causes of the disparities are therefore suspected to reflect differences in health-related behavior and resilience. As with other problems associated with SMI, studying non-clinical populations at risk for future onset provides important clues about pathways, from vulnerability to unhealthy behavior and compromised resilience, to poor health and reduced quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify possible pathways in a sample of public university students. Four domains of biosystemic functioning with a priori relevance to SMI-related vulnerability and health disparities were identified. Measures reflecting various well-studied constructs within each domain were factor-analyzed to identify common sources of variance within the domains. Relationships between factors in adjacent domains were identified with linear multiple regression. The results reveal strong relationships between common factors across domains that are consistent with pathways from vulnerability to health disparities, to reduced quality of life. Although the results do not provide dispositive evidence of causal pathways, they serve as a guide for further, larger-scale, longitudinal studies to identify causal processes and the pathways they follow to health consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Behaviors and Outcomes across the Schizophrenia-Spectrum)
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10 pages, 5245 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Use of Iconic and Metaphoric Gestures with Motion-Based, Static Space-Based, Static Object-Based, and Static Event-Based Statements
by Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Danyal Farsani and Hassan Banaruee
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070239 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2350
Abstract
In this article, we extend our previously suggested categorization of metaphors to literal statements, and categorize metaphorical and literal statements into four pairs of corresponding metaphorical and literal statements: (1) motion-based metaphorical/literal statements; (2) static space-based metaphorical/literal statements; (3) static object-based metaphorical/literal statements; [...] Read more.
In this article, we extend our previously suggested categorization of metaphors to literal statements, and categorize metaphorical and literal statements into four pairs of corresponding metaphorical and literal statements: (1) motion-based metaphorical/literal statements; (2) static space-based metaphorical/literal statements; (3) static object-based metaphorical/literal statements; (4) static event-based metaphorical/literal statements. Then, we report a study that investigated the use of metaphoric and iconic gestures with these corresponding categories during the retelling of a set of stories by a group of thirty participants. The participants listened to five audio short stories. Each story contained one statement of each metaphoric category and one statement of each literal category. After listening to each story, they retold it in their own language in front of a camera. The results showed that event-based metaphors and event-based literal statements were accompanied by the smallest number of metaphoric and iconic gestures. Furthermore, there was a significant similarity between each metaphorical category and its corresponding literal category in the number of gestures that were used with these categories. This similarity supports the idea that the mechanisms underlying the embodiment of metaphorical and literal statements are essentially similar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)
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12 pages, 1950 KiB  
Article
Changes in Human Electroencephalographic Activity in Response to Agastache rugosa Essential Oil Exposure
by Minji Hong, Hyejeong Jang, Sela Bo, Minju Kim, Ponnuvel Deepa, Jiyea Park, Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan and Songmun Kim
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070238 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2273
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (Korean mint) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant and its aerial parts have a pleasant fragrance. A. rugosa leaves are used as an ingredient in salads and soups for enhancing the aroma and taste of foods in Korea. However, there [...] Read more.
Agastache rugosa (Korean mint) is an important medicinal and aromatic plant and its aerial parts have a pleasant fragrance. A. rugosa leaves are used as an ingredient in salads and soups for enhancing the aroma and taste of foods in Korea. However, there is no report on the influence of the aroma of A. rugosa on human psychophysiological activity. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to the essential oil of Korean A. rugosa on human electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. The essential oil of A. rugosa was isolated using steam distillation extraction and its composition was determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. In the EEG study, 38 healthy volunteers (19 men and 19 women) participated. The EEG readings were analyzed for 25 EEG indices from 29 electrodes placed on the scalp according to the international 10–20 system. The major component in the essential oil of A. rugosa was estragole (89.49%) followed by D-limonene (3.40%), menthone (1.80%), and pulegone (1.86%). In the EEG study, significant decreases in absolute theta (AT) and relative theta (RT) power spectra were observed during the exposure to A. rugosa essential oil when compared to that of no odor exposure. Whereas relative alpha (RA), relative slow alpha (RSA), spectral edge frequency 50% (SEF50), and spectral edge frequency 50% of alpha (ASEF) power spectra values significantly increased. These results reveal that the EEG power spectra changes incurred during the exposure to the essential oil of A. rugosa may be associated with the enhancement of freshness and concentration states of the human brain. Full article
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12 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
Latent Class Analysis to Identify Parental Involvement Styles in Chinese Children’s Learning at Home
by Xiaorui Huang, Randall E. Schumacker, Bin-Bin Chen and Ming-Ming Chiu
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070237 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2159
Abstract
Background: Parental involvement is one of the most important factors affecting students’ academic learning. Different families seem to show similar parental involvement patterns. This study employed a representative sample of 12,575 seventh- and eighth-grade Chinese students’ parents to explore the patterns of parental [...] Read more.
Background: Parental involvement is one of the most important factors affecting students’ academic learning. Different families seem to show similar parental involvement patterns. This study employed a representative sample of 12,575 seventh- and eighth-grade Chinese students’ parents to explore the patterns of parental involvement. (2) Methods: Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify different parental involvement styles in children’s studies at home. Discriminant analysis, MANOVA, post-hoc tests, and effect size were used to verify the LCA results. (3) Results: Four distinctive latent class groups were identified and named: supportive (20%), permissive (54%), restrictive (8%), and neglectful (18%). A discriminant analysis supported the LCA group classification results. The MANOVA results indicated statistically significant differences between the four latent classes using the set of predictor variables. The post-hoc test results and effect sizes showed that the predictor variables had substantial differences among the four latent class groups. Parental education and family income showed statistically significant links to these four parental involvement styles, which, in turn, were linked to students’ academic achievement according to the MANOVA, effect sizes, and post-hoc test results. (4) Conclusions: Parental involvement styles in children’s learning at home can be identified and categorized into four different latent class styles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)
17 pages, 518 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Core Self-Evaluations on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Higher Education Academic Staff: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
by Abisola Leah Akosile and Mehmet Ali Ekemen
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 236; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070236 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5076
Abstract
Job satisfaction and turnover intention among academic staff remains a challenge in higher education institutions. To aid understanding of the factors that can reduce intention to leave and increase job satisfaction among academic staff, the present research investigated the impact of core self-evaluations [...] Read more.
Job satisfaction and turnover intention among academic staff remains a challenge in higher education institutions. To aid understanding of the factors that can reduce intention to leave and increase job satisfaction among academic staff, the present research investigated the impact of core self-evaluations (CSEs) on job satisfaction and turnover intention by proposing a parallel mediation model. The researcher used quantitative approach. The sample consisted of (n = 305) academic staff working in higher education institutions in Nigeria, with a total of 80 females and 225 males. The study attempted to investigate the connection between core self-evaluations, job satisfaction, and turnover intention using self-determination theory to investigate the parallel mediating role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on the relationship. Through application of structural equation modeling, the findings showed that CSEs had an impact on job satisfaction and turnover intention, mainly through the mediating role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. The mediating role of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation provided new insight into the connections between core self-evaluations, job satisfaction, and turnover expectations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Organizational Behaviors)
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21 pages, 2688 KiB  
Article
Lion’s Mane (Hericium erinaceus) Exerts Anxiolytic Effects in the rTg4510 Tau Mouse Model
by Mya N. Rodriguez and Stephen L. P. Lippi
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070235 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 9126
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) significantly impairs the life of an individual both cognitively and behaviorally. Tau and beta-amyloid (Aβ) proteins are major contributors to the etiology of AD. This study used mice modeling AD through the presence of tau pathology to assess the effects [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) significantly impairs the life of an individual both cognitively and behaviorally. Tau and beta-amyloid (Aβ) proteins are major contributors to the etiology of AD. This study used mice modeling AD through the presence of tau pathology to assess the effects of Hericium erinaceus (H. erinaceus), also known as Lion’s mane, on cognitive and non-cognitive behaviors. Despite neurocognitive and neurobiological effects of H. erinaceus being seen in both healthy and transgenic mice, no research to date has explored its effects on mice with solely tau pathology. In this study, mice were placed on a diet supplemented with H. erinaceus or a standard rodent diet for 4.5 months in order to determine the effect of this medicinal mushroom on behavior. Tau mice given H. erinaceus had significantly shorter latencies to enter the center of the open field (OF) (p < 0.05) and spent significantly more time in the open arms of the elevated zero maze (EZM) (p < 0.001) compared to tau control mice. Mice given H. erinaceus spent significantly more time in the open arms of and made more head dips in the elevated zero maze (EZM) (p < 0.05). While H. erinaceus had anxiolytic effects, no improvements were seen in spatial memory or activities of daily living. These findings provide additional support for the anxiolytic effects of H. erinaceus and point to its potential benefit as a therapeutic for anxiety in AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences)
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14 pages, 966 KiB  
Article
Clinical Phenotypes and Mortality Biomarkers: A Study Focused on COVID-19 Patients with Neurological Diseases in Intensive Care Units
by Lilia María Morales Chacón, Lídice Galán García, Tania Margarita Cruz Hernández, Nancy Pavón Fuentes, Carlos Maragoto Rizo, Ileana Morales Suarez, Odalys Morales Chacón, Elianne Abad Molina and Luisa Rocha Arrieta
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070234 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1994
Abstract
Purpose: To identify clinical phenotypes and biomarkers for best mortality prediction considering age, symptoms and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with chronic neurological diseases in intensive care units (ICUs). Subjects and Methods: Data included 1252 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in Cuba between January [...] Read more.
Purpose: To identify clinical phenotypes and biomarkers for best mortality prediction considering age, symptoms and comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with chronic neurological diseases in intensive care units (ICUs). Subjects and Methods: Data included 1252 COVID-19 patients admitted to ICUs in Cuba between January and August 2021. A k-means algorithm based on unsupervised learning was used to identify clinical patterns related to symptoms, comorbidities and age. The Stable Sparse Classifiers procedure (SSC) was employed for predicting mortality. The classification performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Results: Six phenotypes using a modified v-fold cross validation for the k-means algorithm were identified: phenotype class 1, mean age 72.3 years (ys)—hypertension and coronary artery disease, alongside typical COVID-19 symptoms; class 2, mean age 63 ys—asthma, cough and fever; class 3, mean age 74.5 ys—hypertension, diabetes and cough; class 4, mean age 67.8 ys—hypertension and no symptoms; class 5, mean age 53 ys—cough and no comorbidities; class 6, mean age 60 ys—without symptoms or comorbidities. The chronic neurological disease (CND) percentage was distributed in the six phenotypes, predominantly in phenotypes of classes 3 (24.72%) and 4 (35,39%); χ² (5) 11.0129 p = 0.051134. The cerebrovascular disease was concentrated in classes 3 and 4; χ² (5) = 36.63, p = 0.000001. The mortality rate totaled 325 (25.79%), of which 56 (17.23%) had chronic neurological diseases. The highest in-hospital mortality rates were found in phenotypes 1 (37.22%) and 3 (33.98%). The SSC revealed that a neurological symptom (ageusia), together with two neurological diseases (cerebrovascular disease and Parkinson’s disease), and in addition to ICU days, age and specific symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea and chilliness) as well as particular comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes and asthma) indicated the best prediction performance (AUC = 0.67). Conclusions: The identification of clinical phenotypes and mortality biomarkers using practical variables and robust statistical methodologies make several noteworthy contributions to basic and experimental investigations for distinguishing the COVID-19 clinical spectrum and predicting mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular and Multi-Modals Biomarkers in Neurological Disorders: Relationship to Intervention)
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16 pages, 1216 KiB  
Article
Resolving the Limitations of the CNI Model in Moral Decision Making Using the CAN Algorithm: A Methodological Contrast
by Chun Feng and Chuanjun Liu
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070233 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2170
Abstract
The CNI model generates C, N, and I parameters to measure people’s mental processes—consequence sensitivity (C), norm sensitivity (N), and generalized inaction/action preferences (I)—in moral decision making. Given the limitations of the CNI model, the [...] Read more.
The CNI model generates C, N, and I parameters to measure people’s mental processes—consequence sensitivity (C), norm sensitivity (N), and generalized inaction/action preferences (I)—in moral decision making. Given the limitations of the CNI model, the CAN algorithm was developed to depict the consequence sensitivity (C), overall action versus inaction preferences (A), norm sensitivity (N), and perverse responses with the other three parameters. However, no studies have clarified whether and how the CAN algorithm can solve the limitations of the CNI model. The present study systematically uncovers the limitations of the CNI model and the solutions provided by the CAN algorithm: (a) the CNI model does not consider negative values of the parameters, but the CAN algorithm does; (b) the sequential processing assumption of the CNI model is biased, the CAN algorithm proposes a parallel calculation strategy to fix this problem; (c) the calculation of the I parameter of the CNI model is inaccurate, so the CAN algorithm proposes the A parameter to replace it; (d) the CNI model has a problem measuring perverse responses, while the CAN algorithm develops three parameters to measure these. We examined some of our points on the basis of a reanalysis of the foreign language effect (FLE) by comparing the parameters from the CAN algorithm with those from the CNI model. We found that consequence and norm sensitivity were estimated to be greater using the CNI model than with the CAN algorithm. Consequently, these overestimations significantly (consequence sensitivity) and marginally (norm sensitivity) interfered with the FLE, making the FLE more likely to return a false positive result. In addition, the CAN algorithm was able to measure the extent of perverse responses, indicating that foreign language (compared to a native language) leads to more perverse responses. The present study demonstrates that the CNI model magnifies the Type I error of conclusions and that the CAN algorithm (compared to the CNI model) provides more insights regarding moral decision making. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
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7 pages, 213 KiB  
Communication
Interactive Self-Reporting as Behavioural Cue Elicitor for Online-Classroom Assessment
by Hao Xu
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070232 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1500
Abstract
How teachers should elicit and draw on behavioural cues for online-classroom assessment is of much interest to both researchers and practising teachers. Aiming to explore how to enhance interactive self-reporting as a behavioural cue elicitor for online-classroom assessment, this study adopted a large-scale [...] Read more.
How teachers should elicit and draw on behavioural cues for online-classroom assessment is of much interest to both researchers and practising teachers. Aiming to explore how to enhance interactive self-reporting as a behavioural cue elicitor for online-classroom assessment, this study adopted a large-scale questionnaire survey to investigate the effects of the intensity of interaction in interactive self-reporting and teachers’ professional experience on the quality of assessment data in online teaching. Results showed that only the intensity of teacher’s follow-up interaction regarding interactive self-reporting had a significant impact on the quality of the assessment data. Specifically, as a behavioural cue elicitor, interactive self-reporting may be best utilised when interaction of a moderate intensity is employed by the teacher following students’ self-report. The accuracy and efficiency of interactive self-reporting as a means to obtain assessment data in online teaching can only, thus, be best synergised. Otherwise, the accuracy and efficiency may be reduced to a wax-and-wane relationship, i.e., each one increases at the expense of the other. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Student Behavior to Assess and Support Student Learning in Virtual Environments)
18 pages, 588 KiB  
Article
Research on the Influencing Mechanism of Paradoxical Leadership on Unethical Pro-Supervisor Behavior
by Suchao He and Xiaoying Yun
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070231 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3766
Abstract
Paradoxical leadership is a leadership style that combines both employees’ individual needs and organizational requirements. The existing literature shows that paradoxical leadership has a positive influence on variables at the individual level, team level and organizational level. It is necessary to further explore [...] Read more.
Paradoxical leadership is a leadership style that combines both employees’ individual needs and organizational requirements. The existing literature shows that paradoxical leadership has a positive influence on variables at the individual level, team level and organizational level. It is necessary to further explore the negative impact of paradoxical leadership on the individual level (such as employees’ unethical pro-supervisor behavior), the path of influence and situational conditions. Based on social exchange theory, this paper studied the influence of paradoxical leadership on employees’ unethical pro-supervisor behavior, and clarified the mediating role of supervisor–subordinate Guanxi and the moderating effect of follower mindfulness. We conducted an empirical analysis on the data of 356 employees collected in two phases, and found that paradoxical leadership exerts a significant positive effect on unethical pro-supervisor behavior; supervisor–subordinate Guanxi has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between paradoxical leadership and unethical pro-supervisor behavior; and follower mindfulness moderates the influence of paradoxical leadership on supervisor–subordinate Guanxi, and moderates the intermediation of supervisor–subordinate Guanxi on the main effect. This paper enriches the existing research on the mechanism of influence of paradoxical leadership and deepens our understanding of boundary conditions in relation to the role of paradoxical leadership. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Personal Workplace Relationships: Implications for Work and Life in a Rapidly Changing Society)
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18 pages, 1147 KiB  
Article
A Qualitative Research on Usage Intention and Platform Swinging Behavior of Anonymous Social Applications “Soul”
by Xiaoxiao Song and Zhiyuan Yu
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070230 - 13 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3526
Abstract
By iheriting online natural properties, anonymous social media (ASM) applications have become popular and have attracted large amounts of mobile users (e.g., the youth) who can construct new identities for role-play and show themselves in anonymous ways. In order to investigate the influencing [...] Read more.
By iheriting online natural properties, anonymous social media (ASM) applications have become popular and have attracted large amounts of mobile users (e.g., the youth) who can construct new identities for role-play and show themselves in anonymous ways. In order to investigate the influencing factors toward usage intention (UI) and platform swinging (PS) behavior among anonymous social applications, we choose one of the most active ASM App “Soul” as the example in China and then conducte a semi-structured interview with 23 valid Soul users using qualitative methods. The results show that the factors, i.e., perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived privacy riskiness, perceived anonymity, subjective norms, emotional attachments, and perceived interactivity, indeed affect UI among Soul users via online communication. Moreover, we find that PS behavior is ubiquitous among interviewees and mainly depends on diversified needs, which consist of nine dimensions including different position and function among apps, usage comparison, friend migration, etc. Nearly 80% of interviewees believe that there exists a relationship between UI and PS, which can be described as a inverted U-shaped curve, i.e., the higher or lower UI, the less probability of PS. For the individuals’ social media usage behavior, a closed loop “Attitude–Intention–Behavior” is summarized. By conducting qualitative research, we intend to provide some insights and deepen the understanding of UI among ASM users in daily life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cyberpsychology: The Influences of Internet and Online Applications in Daily Life)
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11 pages, 322 KiB  
Article
Meaningful Work and Satisfaction with Life: A Case Study from a Supported Employment Program—Colombia
by Merlin Patricia Grueso Hinestroza, Concha Antón and Mónica López-Santamaría
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070229 - 13 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2463
Abstract
Work helps to satisfy instrumental and transcendental needs. For people affected by armed conflict, work has an additional value because it helps them overcome the social disadvantage they suffer; however, topics such as meaningful work—MW—have been poorly studied in this type of population. [...] Read more.
Work helps to satisfy instrumental and transcendental needs. For people affected by armed conflict, work has an additional value because it helps them overcome the social disadvantage they suffer; however, topics such as meaningful work—MW—have been poorly studied in this type of population. Based on the above, we propose to analyze the relationship between meaningful work and satisfaction with life in one of the largest private supported employment programs for people involved in the armed conflict in Colombia. To this end, a nonexperimental, quantitative case study was conducted with 62 employees of that employment program. To collect the data, a survey with two measurement scales was administered: Work as Meaning Inventory and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Sociodemographic variables were also obtained. The results demonstrate that meaningful work has a significant effect on satisfaction with life (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.00). We conclude that having meaningful work that provides a sense of belonging, interpersonal connection, and attachment generates greater satisfaction with life in the workers involved in the analyzed program. We also discuss the implications of this research for companies and public policy in Colombia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Personality and Individual Differences in Creative Potential and Production across the Life Span)
14 pages, 313 KiB  
Article
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Changed Adolescents’ Use of Technologies, Sense of Community, and Loneliness: A Retrospective Perception Analysis
by Andrea Guazzini, Andrea Pesce, Fabiana Gino and Mirko Duradoni
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070228 - 13 Jul 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4365
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought important changes to how we engage in relationships of any kind. To combat the spread of the virus, schools resorted to remote-learning, and teenagers had to rely on various technologies to meet many of the needs that they [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought important changes to how we engage in relationships of any kind. To combat the spread of the virus, schools resorted to remote-learning, and teenagers had to rely on various technologies to meet many of the needs that they used to satisfy offline (e.g., social, informational, and recreational/leisure purposes). This article was written to investigate the changes that the students at an Italian high school went through in terms of use of technologies, loneliness, and sense of community, through a survey focusing on their retrospective perceptions. The study was carried out on 917 students. In general, we have found that the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly increased the perception of loneliness in teenagers (especially in female respondents), as well as their use of technologies for social, informational, and leisure purposes. However, maybe thanks to the opportunities provided by ICTs and remote learning, the sense of community in Italian teenagers was only marginally impacted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)
14 pages, 4298 KiB  
Article
Enhancing EFL Learners’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs of Learning English with Emoji Feedbacks in CALL: Why and How
by Yen-Jung Chen and Liwei Hsu
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070227 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3146
Abstract
Encouraging feedback positively affects learners’ self-efficacy; in language learning, self-efficacy predicts language learner performance and behavior. Our research involved three studies to expand knowledge about why and how we can enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ self-efficacy beliefs in online settings. [...] Read more.
Encouraging feedback positively affects learners’ self-efficacy; in language learning, self-efficacy predicts language learner performance and behavior. Our research involved three studies to expand knowledge about why and how we can enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ self-efficacy beliefs in online settings. In Study 1, based on an online survey with 310 participants, we ascertained the extent to which EFL learners with greater self-efficacy tend to challenge themselves by learning content that requires a proficiency level that is higher than their current proficiency. In Study 2, we recruited 120 EFL learners; the results indicate that positive feedback via emojis embedded in online courses could significantly boost EFL learners’ self-efficacy beliefs about learning English. Study 3 involved 35 participants and extended the understanding provided by the first two studies, showing that EFL learners not only like to use emojis for computer-mediated communication (CMC), but also prefer to receive them as feedback. This research adds to knowledge on “why” and “how” we can enhance EFL learners’ self-efficacy beliefs in online contexts. We systematically provide empirical evidence regarding the aforementioned issues and demonstrate that positive feedback through emojis has great potential to enhance EFL learners’ self-efficacy, even when such feedback is subliminal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Methodologies in the Educational Context: Psychological and Behavioral Aspects)
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10 pages, 276 KiB  
Article
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic in South-East Gabon
by Roméo Karl Imboumy-Limoukou, Barthélemy Ngoubangoye, Serge Ely Dibakou, Sandrine Lydie Oyegue-Liabagui, Franck Mounioko, Lady Charlene Kouna, Walter Roddy Matangoye, Steede Seinnat Ontoua, Nancy Cheronne Mbani Mpega and Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070226 - 11 Jul 2022
Viewed by 1597
Abstract
COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory disease; it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. This survey aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, perception and practices of the Gabonese public towards COVID-19. This study was performed on 1016 participants. All participants [...] Read more.
COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory disease; it was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. This survey aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, perception and practices of the Gabonese public towards COVID-19. This study was performed on 1016 participants. All participants filled in the questionnaire voluntarily, reporting demographic characteristics and answering questions assessing their level of knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practice towards COVID-19. Among participants, there were 535 men and 476 women. The mean age of the participants was 33.2 ± 16.7 years old. Almost all participants (98.1%) said that they had heard about COVID-19 but only 2.8% knew the pathogenic agent responsible for COVID-19. More than 80% knew that the disease could be transmitted by greeting infected people (87.3%), kissing an infected person (90.0%), touching an infected doorknob (83.5%) and attending meetings (83.9%). The mean knowledge score was higher among younger than older participants, higher among participants living in urban areas than those living in rural areas and higher among participants with higher levels of education than those with lower levels of education. In general, respondents had good knowledge of COVID-19 and a positive attitude towards using protective measures; however, there were differences according to gender, age group, place of residence, professional group and level of education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Behaviors toward COVID-19: Antecedents, Compliance, and Psychological Impact)
16 pages, 662 KiB  
Article
Research on the Mechanism of Influence of Game Competition Mode on Online Learning Performance
by Hailing Xu, Shilun Ge and Feng Yuan
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070225 - 10 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3139
Abstract
With the rapid development of information technology and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has become an important supplement to the teaching organization form of basic education and higher education. In order to increase user stickiness and improve learning performance, gamification [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of information technology and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has become an important supplement to the teaching organization form of basic education and higher education. In order to increase user stickiness and improve learning performance, gamification elements are widely introduced into online learning situations. However, scholars have drawn different conclusions on the impact of game-based competition on online learning performance. This study is based on field theory and constructivist learning theory. Taking the online interaction of the curriculum platform as the situation, psychological capital as the intermediary variable and connected classroom atmosphere as the adjustment variable, this paper constructs an interaction model between game competition and online learning performance and discusses in depth the intermediary effect of psychological capital and the adjustment effect of a connected classroom atmosphere. The results show that game-based competition has a significant positive effect on learning performance, and the effect of direct competition is better than that of indirect competition; the self-efficacy dimension of psychological capital plays an intermediary role between direct competition and learning performance, and the resilience dimension plays an intermediary role between competition and learning performance; and a connected classroom atmosphere plays a regulating role in the dimensions of game competition, knowledge mastery and knowledge innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Methodologies in the Educational Context: Psychological and Behavioral Aspects)
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10 pages, 548 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Self-Selected Exercise Workloads on Perceived Enjoyment and Self-Efficacy in Sedentary Adults
by Peyton Waaso, Natalie Gofton and Micah Zuhl
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070224 - 10 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2015
Abstract
Self-selected workloads are shown to be more enjoyable than researcher-selected workloads. In addition, it is unclear if sedentary adults find aerobic interval or continuous exercise more pleasant. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two acute bouts [...] Read more.
Self-selected workloads are shown to be more enjoyable than researcher-selected workloads. In addition, it is unclear if sedentary adults find aerobic interval or continuous exercise more pleasant. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two acute bouts (interval vs. continuous) of self-selected moderate-intensity treadmill exercises on perceived enjoyment and self-efficacy towards exercise in a sedentary cohort. Methods: Sixteen sedentary adults completed two 30 min bouts of moderate-intensity treadmill activity, one interval and one continuous. Participants blindly (could not see speed, grade, and heart rate) selected their own treadmill workload with guidance from the Borg RPE 6–20 scale. Post-exercise self-efficacy and perceived enjoyment were assessed using the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, respectively. Exercise workloads using treadmill speed and grade and exercise heart rate were compared between trials. Results: No significant differences were found between conditions for self-selected workloads (p = 0.62), self-efficacy (p = 0.58), perceived enjoyment (p = 0.41), and heart rate (p = 0.12). Discussion: Sedentary individuals reported no difference in self-efficacy or perceived exercise enjoyment. Participants were, however, adequate in self-selecting their own intensities with RPE guidance as there were no differences in the workloads across conditions. These results suggest that when able to self-select moderate-intensity exercise workloads, sedentary individuals equally enjoy both interval and continuous exercise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Psychology)
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16 pages, 1664 KiB  
Article
Time-Series Associations between Public Interest in COVID-19 Variants and National Vaccination Rate: A Google Trends Analysis
by Cecilia Cheng
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070223 - 9 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2425
Abstract
The emergence of a constantly mutating novel virus has led to considerable public anxiety amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Information seeking is a common strategy to cope with pandemic anxiety. Using Google Trends analysis, this study investigated public interest in COVID-19 variants and its [...] Read more.
The emergence of a constantly mutating novel virus has led to considerable public anxiety amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Information seeking is a common strategy to cope with pandemic anxiety. Using Google Trends analysis, this study investigated public interest in COVID-19 variants and its temporal associations with the disease-prevention measure of vaccination during the initial COVID-19 vaccine rollout period (13 December 2020 to 25 September 2021). Public interest was operationalized as the relative search volume of online queries of variant-related terms in the countries first affected by the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants: the UK, South Africa, and India, respectively. The results show that public interest in COVID-19 variants was greater during the Delta-variant-predominant period than before this period. The time-series cross-correlation analysis revealed positive temporal associations (i.e., greater such public interest was accompanied by an increase in national vaccination rate) tended to occur more frequently and at earlier time lags than the negative temporal associations. This study yielded new findings regarding the temporal changes in public interest in COVID-19 variants, and the between-country variations in these public interest changes can be explained by differences in the rate and pace of vaccination among the countries of interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Behaviors toward COVID-19: Antecedents, Compliance, and Psychological Impact)
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12 pages, 314 KiB  
Review
Yoga and Qigong for Health: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
by Paula Boaventura, Sónia Jaconiano and Filipa Ribeiro
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070222 - 3 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4424
Abstract
Yoga and qigong are ancient mind–body practices used in the East for thousands of years to promote inner peace and mental clarity. Both share breathing techniques and slow movements and are being used as alternative/complementary approaches to the management of disease, especially chronic [...] Read more.
Yoga and qigong are ancient mind–body practices used in the East for thousands of years to promote inner peace and mental clarity. Both share breathing techniques and slow movements and are being used as alternative/complementary approaches to the management of disease, especially chronic problems with no effective conventional treatments. However, information comparing the health benefits of both approaches is scarce, and the choice between yoga or qigong practice may only depend on patients’ preferences or practice availability. The aim of the present paper was to overview yoga and qigong use for health benefits under different pathological conditions. Yoga and qigong seem to have similar effects, which might be expected, since both are similar mind–body approaches with the same concept of vital life-force energy and the practice of meditative movements. Problematic research issues within the literature on yoga and qigong are the small sample sizes, use of different styles, significant variance in practice duration and frequency, short duration of intervention effects, and the usage of a non-active control group, thus emphasizing the need for further high-quality randomized trials. Studies comparing yoga and qigong are warranted in order to assess differences/similarities between the two approaches for health benefits. Full article
12 pages, 669 KiB  
Article
Associations between Mobile Internet Use and Self-Rated and Mental Health of the Chinese Population: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies 2020
by Haifeng Ding, Chengsu Zhang and Wan Xiong
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070221 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
With societal and technological developments, mobile Internet has become the most popular and widespread means to use the Internet in China. Thus, exploring the relationship between mobile Internet use and the self-rated health and mental health of the Chinese population is of great [...] Read more.
With societal and technological developments, mobile Internet has become the most popular and widespread means to use the Internet in China. Thus, exploring the relationship between mobile Internet use and the self-rated health and mental health of the Chinese population is of great importance. This study empirically examined the impact of mobile Internet use on residents’ health using data from the China Family Panel Studies 2020 and conducted a heterogeneity analysis. The results revealed a significant negative association between mobile Internet use and the self-rated health of the population, but a significant positive association was found relative to their mental health. The results of this analysis passed a robustness test. The results of the heterogeneity analysis showed that mobile Internet use had a more significant association with the health of residents with secondary school education and university education compared to those with primary school education or below and graduate education. Furthermore, this study addresses the endogeneity problem using the propensity-score matching model, which is shown to be better at eliminating sample selectivity bias. If endogeneity is not addressed, the negative association with mobile Internet use on residents’ self-rated health will be underestimated and its positive association with their mental health will be overestimated. The Chinese government should issue guidelines on the duration of Internet use, strictly regulate exaggerated and harmful content on mobile network platforms, and strengthen people’s online skills through training to improve their digital literacy, especially for rural populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cyberpsychology: The Influences of Internet and Online Applications in Daily Life)
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24 pages, 403 KiB  
Review
Adolescent Resilience during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Impact of the Pandemic on Developmental Milestones
by Erica R. Garagiola, Queenie Lam, Louise S. Wachsmuth, Tse Yen Tan, Samara Ghali, Seth Asafo and Manjari Swarna
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070220 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 9290
Abstract
This review explores the literature regarding the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the navigation of developmental milestones among adolescents, specifically those in late adolescence, across several domains of their lives. The exploration is contextualized globally, focusing on five key areas: [...] Read more.
This review explores the literature regarding the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the navigation of developmental milestones among adolescents, specifically those in late adolescence, across several domains of their lives. The exploration is contextualized globally, focusing on five key areas: mental health, physical health, education, peer relationships, and family relationships. Implications for practice and interventions are explored in each key area to provide recommendations for those working with adolescents, as well as future research. The changes brought about by the pandemic and the readjustment to what some have referred to as the “new normalcy” will undoubtedly have lasting effects on all areas of life for this cohort of adolescents, who have shown remarkable resilience navigating this new and unfamiliar world. These changes are synthesized, with the aim to highlight differences and similarities of the shared experiences of the pandemic globally. After exploring the current realities, this chapter goes on to outline the ways in which the experience of such a significant developmental period of one’s life during the COVID-19 pandemic will have an impact on adolescents for years to come. Although it is still impossible to comprehend the long-term effects, in examining proximal effects, we can postulate distal implications and potential future effects, as well as possible ways to mitigate these implications as we transition back to more of what was experienced pre-pandemic life, from a post-pandemic experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Resilience Psychology)
11 pages, 635 KiB  
Article
Exploring Korean Middle- and Old-Aged Citizens’ Subjective Health and Quality of Life
by Joonho Moon, Won Seok Lee and Jimin Shim
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070219 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2045
Abstract
The goal of this research is to investigate the determinants of subjective health and quality of life with a particular focus on middle- and old-aged citizens. Subjective health is an antecedent of quality of life. For both attributes, travel frequency, economic activity, and [...] Read more.
The goal of this research is to investigate the determinants of subjective health and quality of life with a particular focus on middle- and old-aged citizens. Subjective health is an antecedent of quality of life. For both attributes, travel frequency, economic activity, and cultural activity frequency are the main explanatory variables. Korean middle- and old-aged citizen research panel data was used to derive the data; the study periods are 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016. The present work used an econometric method to analyze this panel data. The results show that subjective health positively affects quality of life; meanwhile, economic activity positively affects both subjective health and quality of life. It is also found that cultural activity and travel exert inverted U-shape impacts on subjective health and quality of life. The control variables in this research were gender, body mass index, birth year, and personal assets. These results could help guide policy makers in designing more efficient welfare policies for middle- and old-aged citizens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Well-Being and Quality of Life in the Elderly: Issues and Challenges)
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24 pages, 860 KiB  
Article
Examining the Intention of Authorization via Apps: Personality Traits and Expanded Privacy Calculus Perspectives
by Jie Tang, Bin Zhang and Shuochen Xiao
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070218 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3505
Abstract
By integrating the extended privacy calculus theory with the Big Five personality theory, this research proposes and validates a conceptual model in the context of mobile application (App) information authorization. It investigates the implications of each component of privacy costs, privacy advantages, and [...] Read more.
By integrating the extended privacy calculus theory with the Big Five personality theory, this research proposes and validates a conceptual model in the context of mobile application (App) information authorization. It investigates the implications of each component of privacy costs, privacy advantages, and trust on users’ willingness to authorize their information, and explores how the five personality traits affect App users’ perceived benefits, privacy concern, and trust. Simultaneously, the links between prior negative experience and privacy concern as well as the final authorizing willingness were uncovered. We employed a questionnaire to collect 455 users’ data, and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was used to test the hypotheses. The findings demonstrate that App users’ perceived benefits and trust have a positive impact on their privacy authorization intention, whereas privacy concerns negatively affect their disclosure willingness. Just as Extraversion and Agreeableness would make someone pay a heightened attention to the benefits, agreeable, neurotic, and conscientious users are more easily stimulated by privacy concern. Respectively, Agreeableness and Neuroticism affect users’ trust positively and negatively. Additionally, prior negative experience will trigger an individual’s privacy concern, which in turn hinders their willingness to authorize his/her information. All of the aforementioned can serve as a guide for App providers as they optimize the features of their products and services, implement the necessary privacy protections to alleviate users’ privacy concern, and boost users’ trust belief. More importantly, these results effectively demonstrate the significance of personal traits in the formation of users’ privacy perceptions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cyberpsychology: The Influences of Internet and Online Applications in Daily Life)
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19 pages, 1720 KiB  
Article
More Information, Greater Appreciation: The Correlation between Background Information and Aesthetic Judgment of Tourist Crafts
by Yang Liu, Jie Zhang, Shiwei Shen and Kaixiang Lu
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070217 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2465
Abstract
More information is often correlated with greater appreciation. Drawing on the model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgment in art psychology, this study aims to investigate changes in tourists’ aesthetic judgments of tourist crafts when provided with different background information. Blue calico, an [...] Read more.
More information is often correlated with greater appreciation. Drawing on the model of aesthetic appreciation and aesthetic judgment in art psychology, this study aims to investigate changes in tourists’ aesthetic judgments of tourist crafts when provided with different background information. Blue calico, an art form created through white pulp dyeing and printing, is an intangible cultural heritage of China. The photographs used in this study illustrate typical examples of blue calicos that are commonly sold in tourist gift shops in Wuzhen, China. Data from a sample of 133 participants (49 women and 84 men) was analyzed using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA. We examined to what extent respondents varied their assessments of the calicos based on author manipulation of background factors, such as commentaries by the artist or details about the production process. We found that tourists’ impressions of the aesthetics of blue calicos were predicted by background factors, especially those of tourists who were less interested in high arts. Specifically, blue calicos reported to tourists with names that conveyed an auspicious meaning predicted tourists’ assessments of the calicos as more aesthetically pleasing. Explanations of the production process also predicted an increased appreciation of calico aesthetics. Conversely, artists’ commentaries were not significantly correlated with an increased aesthetic merit of calicos. Understanding what may affect tourists’ assessment of art could help those in the tourism industry market souvenirs to drive sales and enhance tourists’ understanding and appreciation of intangible cultural heritage. Full article
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11 pages, 262 KiB  
Case Report
Mindfulness Meditation as Psychosocial Support in the Breast Cancer Experience: A Case Report
by Letizia Iannopollo, Grazia Cristaldi, Caterina Borgese, Samuela Sommacal, Giulia Silvestri and Samantha Serpentini
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070216 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2673
Abstract
In the last decade, Mindfulness-based interventions have been increasingly used in health care settings, particularly in the context of cancer. Research documents the efficacy of these interventions for decreasing the burdens of stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disorders, and other symptoms. This article [...] Read more.
In the last decade, Mindfulness-based interventions have been increasingly used in health care settings, particularly in the context of cancer. Research documents the efficacy of these interventions for decreasing the burdens of stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disorders, and other symptoms. This article describes the case report of a patient with breast cancer, highlighting her personality, defense mechanisms, and traumatization connected with the disease. General information about the patient’s personal and medical history is presented in addition to the trajectory of psychoncological support, focusing on objectives, intervention strategies based on Mindfulness, and outcomes. The intervention is a combination of individual and group therapies, with particular reference to the use of Mindfulness in a group setting. The goal is to provide the patient with both a peer sharing experience as well as the tools to manage psychoemotional reactions through the development of awareness and a better relationship with herself. The main hypothesized consequences are an increase in self-esteem and coping strategies, which are necessary for a successful adaptation to cancer. The objective of the Mindfulness intervention is to promote the maintenance of an adequate Quality of Life (QoL) and psychological well-being, during and after treatment, transferring these skills into daily life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Even through Cancer—What Are the Assumptions and Outcomes for Psychological Intervention)
13 pages, 718 KiB  
Article
Development and Validation of a Brief Scale of Vengeful Tendencies (BSVT-11) in a Mexican Sample
by Ana Lorena Flores-Camacho, Diana Laura Castillo-Verdejo and Julio C. Penagos-Corzo
Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 215; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12070215 - 28 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
The development and analysis of psychometric properties of a brief scale that assesses vengeful tendencies (BSVT-11) is presented. A three-dimensional model is proposed: (1) resentment, (2) planning of revenge, and (3) justification of revenge. Two studies were conducted for this purpose: one was [...] Read more.
The development and analysis of psychometric properties of a brief scale that assesses vengeful tendencies (BSVT-11) is presented. A three-dimensional model is proposed: (1) resentment, (2) planning of revenge, and (3) justification of revenge. Two studies were conducted for this purpose: one was carried out with a sample of 478 participants, to evaluate the content validity, factorial structure, reliability, and invariance of the instrument; the other was conducted with a sample of 308 participants, to determine the concurrent validity of the BSVT-11. The data indicated adequate reliability (ω = 0.877), optimal fit (CFI = 1.0, TLI = 1.0) according to the dimensions proposed, and invariance between genders (p = 0.893). Concurrent validity data yield significant correlation values (p < 0.001) ranging from 0.522 to 0.804 in the analyses between the BSVT and other scales. The results allow us to present a brief instrument with good psychometric properties with possibilities for use in basic and translational science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Social Psychology)
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