Behavioral Sciences

7 pages, 227 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Self-Report versus Neuropsychological Tests for Examining Executive Functions in Youth Soccer Athletes—A Cross-Sectional Study

by Florian Heilmann

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090346 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1928

Abstract

Cognitive diagnostics, especially the measurement of executive functions (EFs) in the context of sports and talent diagnostics, is a popular research topic. However, research is lacking on how self-reports are sufficient to examine the EFs of youth athletes for performance diagnostics. Thus, the [...] Read more.

Cognitive diagnostics, especially the measurement of executive functions (EFs) in the context of sports and talent diagnostics, is a popular research topic. However, research is lacking on how self-reports are sufficient to examine the EFs of youth athletes for performance diagnostics. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the relationships between neuropsychological tasks (3-back task, cued Go/NoGo task, flanker task, and number-letter task) and a self-report for examining EFs (BRIEF-SB). Furthermore, it should be investigated whether it is possible to predict the outcome of EF tasks using a self-report inventory. Therefore, 68 young professional soccer players (M_age = 14.26 ± 1.35 years) from a national youth academy were included in the study. The weak-to-moderate correlations (r = 0.000, p = 0.999 to r = −0.442, p < 0.01) and the results of sensitivity analysis (0.125 to 0.538) do not support using a self-report of EFs for cognitive performance diagnostics. The inventory is only suitable for identifying executive dysfunctions in athletes recovering from head injuries or concussions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

13 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Social Networks in Promoting Young Adults’ Physical Activity among Different Sociodemographic Groups

by Ting Du and Yingru Li

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 345; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090345 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1894

Abstract

Introduction: Physical inactivity has become a public health issue as it can trigger many chronic diseases. Studies have found that an individual’s social networks (SNs) influence their engagement in physical activity (PA). However, it remains unclear how the influence varies between different sociodemographic [...] Read more.

Introduction: Physical inactivity has become a public health issue as it can trigger many chronic diseases. Studies have found that an individual’s social networks (SNs) influence their engagement in physical activity (PA). However, it remains unclear how the influence varies between different sociodemographic groups. This study examined the associations between the SN structures and the PA of young adults across sociodemographic groups. Method: Data on 14,595 young adults aged 24–32 were obtained from Wave IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify heterogeneous subgroups of respondents with respect to their engagement in PA and SN structures were measured in terms of the relationship quality, contact frequency, network size, and spatial accessibility. Logistic regression and chi-square tests were used to further test the relationships between PA and SNs as well as the sociodemographic factors. Results: SNs were found to have a significant influence on PA. Relationship quality was identified as the most important feature of an individual’s SN, followed by network size, contact frequency, and accessibility. The effects of SNs on PA varied with the individuals’ gender, ethnicity, income, and educational attainment. For example, male participants tended to be physically active if they had frequent connections with their neighbors, while the engagement in PA of the female participants was strongly related to the frequency of their contact with their children. Conclusions: This research has important implications for practitioners as it suggests that PA intervention programs should be designed to target specific population groups. Full article

18 pages, 2231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study of Common Principles for Decision-Making in Moral Dilemmas for Autonomous Vehicles

by Li Li, Junyou Zhang, Shufeng Wang and Qian Zhou

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090344 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2572

Abstract

How decisions are made when autonomous vehicles (AVs) are faced with moral dilemmas is still a challenge. For this problem, this paper proposed the concept of common principles, which were drawn from the general public choice and could be generally accepted by society. [...] Read more.

How decisions are made when autonomous vehicles (AVs) are faced with moral dilemmas is still a challenge. For this problem, this paper proposed the concept of common principles, which were drawn from the general public choice and could be generally accepted by society. This study established five moral dilemma scenarios with variables including the number of sacrifices, passenger status, presence of children, decision-making power subjects, and laws. Based on existing questionnaire data, we used gray correlation analysis to analyze the influence of the individual and psychological factors of participants in decision-making. Then, an independent sample t-test and analysis of covariance were selected to analyze the influence relationship between individual and psychological factors. Finally, by induction statistics of decision choices and related parameters of participants, we obtain common principles of autonomous vehicles, including the principle of protecting law-abiding people, the principle of protecting the majority, and the principle of protecting children. The principles have different priorities in different scenarios and can meet the complex changes in moral dilemmas. This study can alleviate the contradiction between utilitarianism and deontology, the conflict between public needs and individualized needs, and it can provide a code of conduct for ethical decision-making in future autonomous vehicles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road Crash Injury and Driver Behavior)

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17 pages, 4822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ethical Risk Factors and Mechanisms in Artificial Intelligence Decision Making

by Hongjun Guan, Liye Dong and Aiwu Zhao

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090343 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7404

Abstract

While artificial intelligence (AI) technology can enhance social wellbeing and progress, it also generates ethical decision-making dilemmas such as algorithmic discrimination, data bias, and unclear accountability. In this paper, we identify the ethical risk factors of AI decision making from the perspective of [...] Read more.

While artificial intelligence (AI) technology can enhance social wellbeing and progress, it also generates ethical decision-making dilemmas such as algorithmic discrimination, data bias, and unclear accountability. In this paper, we identify the ethical risk factors of AI decision making from the perspective of qualitative research, construct a risk-factor model of AI decision making ethical risks using rooting theory, and explore the mechanisms of interaction between risks through system dynamics, based on which risk management strategies are proposed. We find that technological uncertainty, incomplete data, and management errors are the main sources of ethical risks in AI decision making and that the intervention of risk governance elements can effectively block the social risks arising from algorithmic, technological, and data risks. Accordingly, we propose strategies for the governance of ethical risks in AI decision making from the perspectives of management, research, and development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Picturing Morality from Multidisciplinary Perspectives)

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17 pages, 4461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perceived Physical Education Teachers’ Controlling Behaviour and Students’ Physical Activity during Leisure Time—The Dark Side of the Trans-Contextual Model of Motivation

by Andres Viksi and Henri Tilga

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 342; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090342 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2249

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have shown that the controlling behaviour of physical education teachers might be detrimental to their students’ psychological experiences. The purpose of this work was to examine whether and to what extent the different dimensions of the perceived controlling teaching questionnaire [...] Read more.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the controlling behaviour of physical education teachers might be detrimental to their students’ psychological experiences. The purpose of this work was to examine whether and to what extent the different dimensions of the perceived controlling teaching questionnaire predict students’ basic psychological needs, motivations, and physical activities during leisure-time. Methods: A total of 299 students (164 boys and 135 girls) from four Estonian general education schools and two vocational education institutions participated in the study. Students filled in the questionnaire of study variables. A variance-based structural model was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results revealed that different forms of controlling behaviours predicted psychological need frustration (β = 0.09–0.37; p < 0.01). Psychological need frustration predicted controlled motivation (β = 0.52; p < 0.01). Controlled motivation predicted subjective norms (β = 0.51; p < 0.01). Intention was predicted by attitudes (β = 0.30; p < 0.01), perceived behavioural control (β = 0.37; p < 0.01), and subjective norms (β = 0.15; p < 0. 01). Attitude was statistically significantly related to leisure-time physical activity (β = 0.09; p < 0.05). The model describes 10% of students’ physical activity in the context of leisure-time. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight that physical education teachers should avoid using controlling behaviours if the aim is to avoid frustrating their students’ psychological needs, which might have detrimental effect on students’ leisure-time physical activity via controlled forms of motivation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)

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15 pages, 2079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study on the Mediating Role of Emotional Solidarity between Authenticity Perception Mechanism and Tourism Support Behavior Intentions within Rural Homestay Inn Tourism

by Jie Chen, Chang Liu, Yuqi Si, Rob Law and Mu Zhang

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090341 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3142

Abstract

Rural homestay inns are an important part of rural tourism, and tourists’ support behavior intentions are important factors affecting whether rural homestay inns can be developed sustainably. The local authentic life experiences and realization of actual communication between the host and tourists are [...] Read more.

Rural homestay inns are an important part of rural tourism, and tourists’ support behavior intentions are important factors affecting whether rural homestay inns can be developed sustainably. The local authentic life experiences and realization of actual communication between the host and tourists are the main influencing factors for tourists to revisit, recommend, or provide support. Although previous studies have confirmed the influence of authenticity perception on tourists’ support behavior intentions from different perspectives, they have not analyzed the influence mechanism between them from the perspective of micro interpersonal emotional attitude. To further understand the impact mechanism between the two, this study introduces the variable of emotional solidarity; constructs a relationship model of authenticity perception, emotional solidarity, and tourists’ support behavior intentions by adopting the theory of reasoned action; and verifies the established hypotheses through empirical analysis. The results show that both existential authenticity and objective authenticity positively influence tourism support behavior intentions, and the effect of objective authenticity on tourism support behavior intentions is greater than that of the presence of authenticity. Empathic understanding, feeling welcome, and emotional intimacy all play mediating roles between intrapersonal authenticity perception and tourism support behavior intentions. Findings also show empathic understanding and feeling welcome play mediating roles in objective authenticity perception and between the perception of objective authenticity and tourism support behavior intentions. Suggestions are also proposed for the development of homestay inn enterprises. Full article

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17 pages, 1935 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Stress on Innovative Work Behavior among Medical Healthcare Professionals

by Amna Anjum and Yan Zhao

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090340 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3384

Abstract

Background: For health systems, a fundamental challenge is adapting to changes in the patterns of health services that require technological and scientific innovations. The pace of multiple and interconnected challenges mounts extra stress on medical healthcare professionals and reduces their innovative capabilities, especially [...] Read more.

Background: For health systems, a fundamental challenge is adapting to changes in the patterns of health services that require technological and scientific innovations. The pace of multiple and interconnected challenges mounts extra stress on medical healthcare professionals and reduces their innovative capabilities, especially in low- and middle-income countries. To enhance the innovative capability of medical healthcare professionals under stress, the study seeks any possible correlation between stress and innovation. For that purpose, we sought to investigate the effects of stress on the innovative work behavior of employees and examine the mediating effect of health and moderating effect of supervisor support. Materials and Methods: 350 medical healthcare professionals were surveyed in different hospitals in Lahore through a survey regarding stress, health, innovative work behavior, and supervisor support with a final response rate of 89%. SPSS and AMOS were used for the analysis of the data and the investigation of the combined effects of the model. Exploratory (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to ensure the convergent and discriminant validity of the factors, while mediation analysis was done to check the mediating role of health. Results: It has been observed that there is partial mediation of health between eustress and innovative work behavior whereas supervisor support does not moderate between eustress and health. Furthermore, the results indicate that distress is negatively associated with innovative behavior. In addition, health fully mediates between distress and innovative work behavior. If distress increases negative effects on health, then supervisor support reduces the negative impact of distress on health. Furthermore, supervisor support also reduces the negative impact of health on innovative work behavior. Conclusion: Our study outlines a hypothetical alternative situation that explains how the two emotions of eustress and distress are brought into play in the innovative work behavior of the employees. In addition, supervisors play an important role in influencing the sustainable innovation work behavior of their staff members. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Health Psychology)

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7 pages, 258 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Predicting Scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from Spontaneous Speech

by Alma M. Bueno-Cayo, Minerva del Rio Carmona, Rosa Castell-Enguix, Isabel Iborra-Marmolejo, Mike Murphy, Tatiana Quarti Irigaray, José Francisco Cervera and Carmen Moret-Tatay

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090339 - 16 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2174

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between language components, such as lexical density, length, and content in terms of “Time, Space and Action”, with MMSE scores. For this reason, a group of 33 older participants, without a diagnosis of [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between language components, such as lexical density, length, and content in terms of “Time, Space and Action”, with MMSE scores. For this reason, a group of 33 older participants, without a diagnosis of dementia, was examined, providing information regarding recent and future events. Participants with higher MMSE scores showed higher lexical density, speech length, as well as number of tokens related to Time, Place and Action in their speech. However, these differences only reach the statistical level for lexical density when participants were divided into two groups (MCI and healthy controls). Word frequency was lower for participants with MCI but this difference was not statistically significant. Lastly, lexical density was positively correlated with MMSE scores and predicted MMSE scores. These results could be of interest at the applied level in the screening of MCI. Full article

16 pages, 3638 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Achieving Behavioural Advancement through the Dynamic Maturation Model and the Assessment of Parent–Child Interactions in a Music Therapy Context

by Rachel Swanick and Efthymios Papatzikis

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090338 - 15 Sep 2022

Viewed by 2853

Abstract

Using concise and valid assessment tools before embarking on therapy with clients not only provides key information on areas of concern, but it can also focus the ongoing therapy, giving a greater chance of positive outcomes. This article discusses the use of the [...] Read more.

Using concise and valid assessment tools before embarking on therapy with clients not only provides key information on areas of concern, but it can also focus the ongoing therapy, giving a greater chance of positive outcomes. This article discusses the use of the Dynamic Maturational Model (DMM) and the Assessment of Parent–Child Interactions (APCI) as a framework for assessment with adoptive families in a music therapy service. It is proposed that using a Screening Family Formulation (SFF) as detailed through the DMM alongside the APCI can provide this secure foundation for assessment. It is proposed that the DMM promotes the use of the professional–parent relationships as a useful outline for the parent–child relationship alongside a thorough understanding of the issues faced by the family. In addition, the APCI enhances the assessment process by providing clinical and therapeutic evidence of areas of development for the family. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding the Experiences of Pharmacological and Non-pharmacological Interventions for Chronic Illnesses)

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16 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring How the Psychological Resilience of Residents of Tourism Destinations Affected Brand Ambassador Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic

by Haihong Wang, Litong Liu and Hongxia Sha

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090337 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2456

Abstract

In order to focus on the degree of adaptation and resilience of residents of tourist destinations to the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore how the psychological resilience of residents affects their attitudes and behavioral intentions toward destination brand development, [...] Read more.

In order to focus on the degree of adaptation and resilience of residents of tourist destinations to the changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and to explore how the psychological resilience of residents affects their attitudes and behavioral intentions toward destination brand development, this study constructs a structural equation model guided by positive organizational behavior and uses a questionnaire method to conduct the research. The results show that (1) residents’ psychological resilience has a positive effect on brand ambassador behavioral intentions; (2) residents’ psychological resilience has a positive effect on resident–tourist interaction; (3) resident–tourist interaction has a positive effect on brand ambassador behavioral intentions; (4) resident–tourist interaction plays a mediating role between psychological resilience and brand ambassador behavioral intentions; and (5) cognitive reappraisal plays a moderating role between psychological resilience and resident–tourist interaction. The findings not only fill the deficiency of positive organizational behavior in tourism research, but also provide a theoretical basis for developing residents as destination brand ambassadors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic according to destination branding. In fact, destination managers not only need to strengthen residents’ behaviors to participate in destination brand development, but also should care about the psychological state and emotional events of residents who are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article

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19 pages, 1648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Psychological Perspectives and Demographics on Drivers’ Valuation of Road Accidents: A Combination of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Preference Heterogeneity Model

by Panuwat Wisutwattanasak, Sajjakaj Jomnonkwao, Chamroeun Se and Vatanavongs Ratanavaraha

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090336 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2568

Abstract

Property damage and loss from road traffic accidents are a major concern in developing countries; thus, studies on accident damage in such countries may include more latent factors. This study aims to examine the effect of psychological perspectives and sociodemographic status on drivers’ [...] Read more.

Property damage and loss from road traffic accidents are a major concern in developing countries; thus, studies on accident damage in such countries may include more latent factors. This study aims to examine the effect of psychological perspectives and sociodemographic status on drivers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) for road accident risk reduction, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the random parameters multinomial logit model with heterogeneity in means and variances (RPMNLHMV). The CFA results from interviews with 1650 car drivers in Thailand demonstrate that concepts of the theory of planned behavior and health access process approach are key factors for describing drivers’ behavioral intention and WTP. The RPMNLHMV results indicate that drivers’ demographics affected drivers’ WTP to reduce road accidents, and psychological perspectives were also found to have an influence on WTP. The results also reveal unobserved characteristics that could affect drivers’ WTP. The study concludes that ignoring unobserved heterogeneity in studies on WTP to reduce road accidents can lead to biased results and neglect important influential factors. The methodological approaches applied herein offer another layer of insight into unobserved characteristics in road accident valuation. These findings could be used to provide relevant authorities practical insights for policy development on road accident mitigation and road safety education programs in accordance with drivers’ characteristics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road Crash Injury and Driver Behavior)

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22 pages, 1413 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Fertility Intentions of Women with Childbearing Age in China

by Tinggui Chen, Peixin Hou, Tiantian Wu and Jianjun Yang

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090335 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4529

Abstract

On 31 May 2021, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the policy that a couple can have three children, and rolled out more supportive measures to further optimize the fertility policies. However, while the Chinese [...] Read more.

On 31 May 2021, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the policy that a couple can have three children, and rolled out more supportive measures to further optimize the fertility policies. However, while the Chinese government is further optimizing its fertility policy, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 is raging around the world, which threatens the implementation of China’s fertility optimization policy. Based on this, this paper firstly explores the impact of COVID-19 on women’s fertility intentions. Secondly, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, this paper constructs a structural equation model to quantitatively reveal the specific factors that affect women’s fertility intentions under the epidemic, as well as their impact paths, and then puts forward corresponding suggestions for the government to solve the problem of fertility, aiming at delaying population aging and optimizing population structure. The research results show that: (1) COVID-19 lowers the fertility intentions of women of childbearing age. (2) During the pandemic, economic pressure emerged as the biggest factor affecting women’s fertility intentions. The decline in income caused by the pandemic has become an important factor in preventing women from having children. (3) The conflict between work and childbearing is still an important factor affecting the fertility intentions of women of childbearing age. The government’s provision of perfect childcare services and their strengthening of the protection of women’s employment rights and interests will greatly reduce women’s anxiety about childbearing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Intersection of COVID-19 and Mental Health among Vulnerable Populations)

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18 pages, 646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of the Theory of Planned Behavior in Explaining the Energy-Saving Behaviors of High School Students with Physical Impairments

by Sirinakorn Suntornsan, Surapong Chudech and Piyapong Janmaimool

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090334 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6547

Abstract

People with physical impairments can help solve energy problems by participating in diverse energy-saving behaviors, such as switching off lights or turning off an air conditioner when not in use; however, they may struggle to participate in some behaviors due to mobility impairments. [...] Read more.

People with physical impairments can help solve energy problems by participating in diverse energy-saving behaviors, such as switching off lights or turning off an air conditioner when not in use; however, they may struggle to participate in some behaviors due to mobility impairments. This study aims to examine factors that impact the energy-saving behaviors of high school students with physical impairments. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was used to test whether attitudes towards energy-saving behaviors, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control could affect intentions, which then leads to performance of energy-saving behaviors. The participants were 330 high school students with physical impairments in Thailand. A questionnaire was employed to measure energy-saving behaviors and TPB constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to validate all study variables; structural equation modeling (SEM) was then used to test causal relationships among TPB constructs and energy-saving behaviors. The results showed that the TPB could be used to explain the energy-saving behaviors of students with physical impairments, that subjective norms were the most significant predictor of behavioral intentions, and that intentions significantly impacted energy-saving behaviors. While perceived behavioral control did not have a direct effect on behaviors, it had a significant effect on intentions. Under the TPB construct, of the studied variables, attitude had the lowest power to predict students’ intentions to perform the concerned behaviors; however, the impact of attitude was still statistically significant. The results suggest that all TPB variables can predict energy-saving behaviors of high school students with physical impairments, but their power to predict the behaviors is different. To promote student participation in energy-saving behaviors, it is important to create subjective norms and eliminate obstacles that students with physical impairments might face when performing energy-saving behaviors. Full article

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13 pages, 300 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Adaptive Behavior in People with Autism Spectrum Disorders through the ICAP

by Luisa Losada-Puente and Manoel Baña

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090333 - 15 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2267

Abstract

Evaluating adaptive behavior in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) requires attending to a set of cognitive processes associated with social interaction skills and functional communication that are altered. This paper presents the analysis of an instrument to assess and diagnose adaptive behavior [...] Read more.

Evaluating adaptive behavior in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) requires attending to a set of cognitive processes associated with social interaction skills and functional communication that are altered. This paper presents the analysis of an instrument to assess and diagnose adaptive behavior in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), given the need for rigorous, standardized, and statistically reliable tools to address this dimension, incorporated into the diagnosis since 1992. The Inventory for Service Planning and Individual Programming (ICAP) was applied to n = 209 children with ASD. Its psychometric properties were studied to provide statistical criteria for its usefulness in assessing adaptive behavior. Results highlighted variations in its original structure, reducing the number of items from 77 to 60 by eliminating those with little discriminative power, and of dimensions from four to three given their greater congruence with the results of the exploratory analysis: daily life skills (α = 0.892–0.935), communication and linguistic skills (α = 0.860–0.931), and motor skills (α = 0.828–0.857). This again raises questions about the use of instruments similar in their dimensions, and about the interaction between variables and items, a frequent issue in the field of mind, social, and health sciences. Full article

14 pages, 1384 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Simulation-Based Study of the Effect of Brake Light Flashing Frequency on Driver Brake Behavior from the Perspective of Response Time

by Min-Chih Hsieh, Lan-Xin Chen, Yu-Chi Lee and Qin-Ming Liu

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090332 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2125

Abstract

To prevent vehicle crashes, studies have proposed the use of flashing signals (brake lights or other light indicators) to improve the driver’s response time when the leading vehicle is braking. However, there are no consistent results on the ideal flashing frequency of the [...] Read more.

To prevent vehicle crashes, studies have proposed the use of flashing signals (brake lights or other light indicators) to improve the driver’s response time when the leading vehicle is braking. However, there are no consistent results on the ideal flashing frequency of the brake lights. This study aimed to investigate different brake light flashing frequencies to assess their impact on braking response time. Twenty-four participants aged 25 to 30 were recruited. Two driving speed environments (50 and 80 km/h), three deceleration rates (0.25, 0.6, and 1 g), and four brake light flashing frequencies (0, 2, 4, and 7 Hz) were examined. Braking response time, average braking force, and braking response time ratio were used to evaluate the driving behavior. The results showed that the braking response time and average braking force were affected by the deceleration rate in the 50 km/h driving environment. In the 50 and 80 km/h driving environments, although there were no significant differences among the three deceleration rates, the braking response time decreased by 3–7% under the flashing brake light condition. These findings can be used as a reference for safety designs as well as future studies on driving behavior. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Road Crash Injury and Driver Behavior)

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11 pages, 1015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Predictors of the Level of Physical Activity in Physically Active Older People

by María Antonia Parra-Rizo, Jaime Vásquez-Gómez, Cristian Álvarez, Ximena Diaz-Martínez, Claudia Troncoso, Ana Maria Leiva-Ordoñez, Rafael Zapata-Lamana and Igor Cigarroa

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 331; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090331 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3479

Abstract

There has not been much study of risk profiles in older people according to different levels of practice in physical activity. For this reason, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether the elements that influence the quality of life and factors [...] Read more.

There has not been much study of risk profiles in older people according to different levels of practice in physical activity. For this reason, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether the elements that influence the quality of life and factors such as gender and education can predict the level of physical activity in the physically active elderly population. The Fernández–Ballesteros quality of life questionnaire and the WHO International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied to a sample of 397 people with a mean age of 69.65 years (SD = 4.71). The results revealed the following predictive factors of practicing a low level of physical activity (p < 0.05): being a woman; having a low educational level; and low scores in activity and leisure and in functional skills. In conclusion, gender, education, functional skills, activity and leisure, and health are elements of quality of life that predict the level of physical activity performed by the elderly, where it is necessary to use leisure activities (visiting friends, playing games, running errands) as an indirect way to increase participation in physical activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity, Physical and Psychological Health 2.0)

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10 pages, 569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Forgiveness as a Mediator between Psychological Suzhi and Prosocial Behavior in Chinese Adolescents

by Xu Chen, Hongxia Zhao and Dajun Zhang

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 330; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090330 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2031

Abstract

Prosocial behavior contributes to the well-being of individuals as well as the harmonious development of society. This research aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the psychological suzhi and prosocial behavior of Chinese adolescents with the consideration of time. A total [...] Read more.

Prosocial behavior contributes to the well-being of individuals as well as the harmonious development of society. This research aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the relationship between the psychological suzhi and prosocial behavior of Chinese adolescents with the consideration of time. A total of 477 adolescents (228 boys, 49.1%; M_age = 14.04 and SD = 1.77) from southwest China completed three questionnaires during waves 1 and 2. Results showed that psychological suzhi and forgiveness were positively correlated with prosocial behavior in both waves 1 and 2; psychological suzhi significantly predicted both current and three months later prosocial behavior and forgiveness played a mediating role in both immediate and lasting effects of psychological suzhi on prosocial behavior. Psychological suzhi and forgiveness are vital predictors of adolescents’ prosocial behaviors in China. Interventions based on psychological suzhi and forgiveness are essential to promote the development of pro-social behaviors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Psychology)

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12 pages, 974 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Resilience, Stress, and Burnout Syndrome According to Study Hours in Spanish Public Education School Teacher Applicants: An Explanatory Model as a Function of Weekly Physical Activity Practice Time

by Eduardo Melguizo-Ibáñez, Gabriel González-Valero, José Luis Ubago-Jiménez and Pilar Puertas-Molero

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090329 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2902

Abstract

The selection process for the teaching profession in public elementary education is difficult, which can lead to the appearance of disruptive states in applicants. For this reason, the present study aimed to establish the relationship between study hours and the levels of stress, [...] Read more.

The selection process for the teaching profession in public elementary education is difficult, which can lead to the appearance of disruptive states in applicants. For this reason, the present study aimed to establish the relationship between study hours and the levels of stress, burnout, and resilience in applicants to the Spanish public teaching profession. Accordingly, this objective was achieved by (a) developing an explanatory model of study hours according to levels of stress, burnout, and resilience, and (b) contrasting this model through a multigroup analysis according to whether students performed more than 3 h of physical activity per week. A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 4117 applicants (31.03 ± 6.800), using an ad hoc socio-demographic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale for data collection. The results revealed that participants who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week showed lower levels of stress and burnout syndrome, manifesting higher levels of resilience. Furthermore, better associations between resilience and the other constructs were also observed for people who practiced more than 3 h of physical activity per week. In conclusion, the practice of physical activity can help to decrease stress and develop key elements for the selective exam of the Spanish public teaching corps. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)

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18 pages, 704 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Investigation of Multilingual Domestic University Student Perceptions of English for Academic Purposes

by Wenjin Vikki Bo, Lyndon Lim and Yuna Lin

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 328; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090328 - 11 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2146

Abstract

It is well-established that English for academic purposes (EAP) programmes are critical for academic success in English-medium universities. Nonetheless, there is significantly less research on how EAP programmes impact multilingual domestic university students, compared to that of international students who speak English as [...] Read more.

It is well-established that English for academic purposes (EAP) programmes are critical for academic success in English-medium universities. Nonetheless, there is significantly less research on how EAP programmes impact multilingual domestic university students, compared to that of international students who speak English as a foreign language. While an earlier study on a university in Singapore found that an EAP programme had a statistically significant and positive intervention effect on students’ grade point average of the first semester upon matriculation, this study sought to investigate the perceptions of students from the same university, as this would contribute to how EAP programmes could be refined to better support learning. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 students invited based on a maximum variation strategy. Based on the thematic analyses undertaken, four themes (i.e., programme delivery, linguistic improvement, learning transfer and change in self-efficacy) were identified and discussed. These themes contributed to the formulation of SILVER, an innovative framework of components for consideration in EAP course design and delivery within higher education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Methodologies in the Educational Context: Psychological and Behavioral Aspects)

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17 pages, 843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analyzing the Housing Consumer Preferences via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

by Chuloh Jung, Nahla Al Qassimi, Naglaa Sami Abdelaziz Mahmoud and Sang Yeal Lee

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090327 - 9 Sep 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3630

Abstract

Dubai was one of the top three real estate destinations in the world for investment in 2020. This paper aims to understand the order of preference for various housing determinants by housing consumers in Dubai. As a methodology, a survey was conducted on [...] Read more.

Dubai was one of the top three real estate destinations in the world for investment in 2020. This paper aims to understand the order of preference for various housing determinants by housing consumers in Dubai. As a methodology, a survey was conducted on Dubai residents, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was performed to identify the housing determinants and consumers’ preferences. In addition, the respondents’ demographic characteristics identified priorities by income, place of residence, age, gender, and type of house. The results showed that housing consumers place importance on housing price and rent (0.0918), and the investment value (0.0866). However, there was no serious consideration for social and psychological factors, other than safety (0.0730). Regarding gender, men place more importance on the housing price and rent (0.113), and the investment value (0.110). In comparison, women place more importance on factors such as the convenience of transportation (0.104), safety (0.093), and residential environment (0.082). In the age groups, the interest in the educational environment (0.081) among the 40-year-olds was relatively high. In terms of monthly income, the higher the income, the higher the interest in investment value (0.086). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumption, Identity, Demographics and Self-Concept)

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15 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: Consequences and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Women and Men Witnesses and Non-Witnesses

by Daniela Acquadro Maran, Antonella Varetto and Cristina Civilotti

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090326 - 8 Sep 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 11359

Abstract

Despite the numerous advances made in Italy over the years in the study of sexual harassment in the workplace (SHW), research has focused exclusively on victims, perpetrators, and their relationships, and not on the consequences that the experience of sexual harassment can produce [...] Read more.

Despite the numerous advances made in Italy over the years in the study of sexual harassment in the workplace (SHW), research has focused exclusively on victims, perpetrators, and their relationships, and not on the consequences that the experience of sexual harassment can produce in witnesses. The present study aims to address this gap by examining how the indirect experience of SHW, in conjunction with variables such as gender, age, self-efficacy, and coping strategies, affects the mental health status of witnesses of SHW. A sample of 724 employees completed a questionnaire that included a modified version of the Sexual Experience Questionnaire (SEQ), the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and the Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale (RESE). Of the group, 321 participants reported witnessing sexual harassment in the workplace (28.2% of women and 16.2% of men). Results show that witnesses were younger than participants who described themselves as non-witnesses. Results also show that women and men who were witnesses were more likely to suffer the emotional and psychological consequences of the experience than non-witnesses. In addition, female witnesses expressed more positive emotions than men, which enabled them to manage their anxiety and emotional states when triggered in response to sexual harassment in the workplace. Finally, a significant association was found between perceptions of mental health and age, gender, experience with SHW, and self-efficacy strategies. The findings underscore the importance of sexual harassment intervention in the workplace, women and men who witness sexual harassment suffer vicarious experiences, psychological impact, exhaustion, disengagement, and negative feelings. Full article

11 pages, 796 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Tower Building Task: A Behavioral Tool to Evaluate Recreational Risk-Taking

by Santiago Gracia-Garrido, Marcos F. Rosetti, Kevin Muñoz Navarrete and Robyn Hudson

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090325 - 8 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1549

Abstract

Risk-taking is a fundamental aspect of life spanning diverse contexts. Despite many tests being readily available, the behavioral assessment of risk propensity in recreational contexts, where decisions are not necessarily motivated by monetary gains or losses, is not well represented. As the tower [...] Read more.

Risk-taking is a fundamental aspect of life spanning diverse contexts. Despite many tests being readily available, the behavioral assessment of risk propensity in recreational contexts, where decisions are not necessarily motivated by monetary gains or losses, is not well represented. As the tower building task (TBT) shares features of recreational activities, we evaluated whether it could assess risk-taking in this type of scenario. In the TBT, participants use standard-size wooden blocks to build the tallest tower they can within a 10 min period. In the current study we (i) examined methodological modifications to the task to either promote or reduce risky behavior and (ii) tested possible associations between the TBT scores and those of two commonly used risk-taking evaluations: The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS). We found that limiting the number of permitted collapses decreased the willingness to take risks, whereas challenging participants to exceed a “record” height increased risk-taking. TBT scores of one of the conditions correlated with scores of the BART and the SSS, particularly with the subscale addressing recreational activities. These findings suggest that the TBT offers a potentially useful means of evaluating risk-taking behaviors akin to those of the recreational domain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cognition)

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17 pages, 660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eliciting Learner Knowledge: Enabling Focused Practice through an Open-Source Online Tool

by Meredith Thompson, Griffin Leonard, Jamie N. Mikeska, Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue, Adam V. Maltese, Giancarlo Pereira, Garron Hillaire, Rick Waldron, Rachel Slama and Justin Reich

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090324 - 7 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3531

Abstract

Eliciting and interpreting students’ ideas are essential skills in teaching, yet pre-service teachers (PSTs) rarely have adequate opportunities to develop these skills. In this study, we examine PSTs’ patterns of discourse and perceived learning through engaging in an interactive digital simulation called Eliciting [...] Read more.

Eliciting and interpreting students’ ideas are essential skills in teaching, yet pre-service teachers (PSTs) rarely have adequate opportunities to develop these skills. In this study, we examine PSTs’ patterns of discourse and perceived learning through engaging in an interactive digital simulation called Eliciting Learner Knowledge (ELK). ELK is a seven-minute, chat-based virtual role play between a PST playing a “teacher” and a PST playing a “student” where the goal is for the teacher to find out what the student knows about a topic. ELK is designed to be a practice space where pre-service and in-service teachers can learn strategies for effectively eliciting their students’ knowledge. We review the implementation of ELK in eight teacher education courses in math or science methods at six different universities and assess (a) patterns of interaction during ELK and (b) PSTs’ perceptions of ELK and their learning from the simulation. Our findings suggest that PSTs engage in effective practices such as eliciting and probing more often than less effective practices such as evaluating and telling. Results suggest that PSTs gain experience in practicing talk moves and having empathy for students’ perspectives through using ELK. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Monitoring Student Behavior to Assess and Support Student Learning in Virtual Environments)

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13 pages, 449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between WeChat Use and Memory Performance among Older Adults in China: The Mediating Role of Depression

by Zhiya Hua and Fangling Wang

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090323 - 6 Sep 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2781

Abstract

Changes to memory performance in the course of aging may be influenced by behavioral factors. The use of social media among elderly people is increasing, but studying its effect on cognitive functions such as memory remains at an early stage of development. Meanwhile, [...] Read more.

Changes to memory performance in the course of aging may be influenced by behavioral factors. The use of social media among elderly people is increasing, but studying its effect on cognitive functions such as memory remains at an early stage of development. Meanwhile, the linking mechanisms underlying the association between social media use and memory performance, if any exist, have not been revealed. This study attempted to examine the association between the use of WeChat, the most popular social media platform in China, and memory performance among older people, and to test the possible mediating role of depression underlying this association. Data were drawn from the five-wave survey of the China Family Panel Study (CFPS), and 4929 respondents aged 60 or older (mean age = 68.19, SD = 5.84, 48.2% females) were included. Based on the descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test, Student’s t-test, correlation analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted. The results indicated that the usage rate of WeChat among the sample was 20.1%. After controlling for demographic variables, the use of WeChat was related to higher levels of memory performance and lower levels of depression. Moreover, depression partially mediated the relationship between WeChat use and memory performance. To maintain memory performance and promote cognitive health in the course of aging, using social media and alleviating depression merit special attention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frontiers in Cyberpsychology: The Influences of Internet and Online Applications in Daily Life)

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15 pages, 4846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eye Tracking Study of Social Intensity on Social Orientation of Autistic Children

by Yajing Zhang, Kun Zhang, Jingying Chen, Lili Liu, Meijuan Luo, Qian Chen, Xiao Zeng and Guangshuai Wang

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090322 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2426

Abstract

Some previous studies indicate that impaired social attention mainly results in social disorders in autistic children. In the social attention mode of autistic children, social orientation and joint attention are particularly important. The influence of different social intensity and ecological validity on them [...] Read more.

Some previous studies indicate that impaired social attention mainly results in social disorders in autistic children. In the social attention mode of autistic children, social orientation and joint attention are particularly important. The influence of different social intensity and ecological validity on them are worthy of further study. This study used realistic paintings with moderate ecological validity as experimental materials, to design isolated individual scene and social interaction scene, and to explore the impact of social interaction on the social orientation of autistic children. It found that in the scenes without social interaction, the attention patterns of autistic children and typical developing children were the same, while the attention patterns of autistic children were abnormal in the scenes with social interaction. From the eye tracking data, it was shown that the gaze processing process of autistic children was not as smooth as that of typical developing children. Compared with cartoons and other social scenes with low ecological validity, realistic painting could better restore the proportion of real scenes. Moreover, it could reduce the complexity of information which could not be done in real scenes. The findings of this study provide support for training and education of autistic children. Intervention with realistic paintings is conducive to the migration of autistic children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Training and Education in Children with Autism)

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14 pages, 1252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Support for Career Development Intelligence Building for College Graduates on their Job Performance: The Case of South Korea

by Eun Bee Kim and Jhong Yun (Joy) Kim

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090321 - 5 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1899

Abstract

This study conducted to identify the influence of support for career development intelligence building for college graduates, who are early career employees, and to prove the mediating effect of learning transfer and self-esteem. An analysis was conducted using the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey [...] Read more.

This study conducted to identify the influence of support for career development intelligence building for college graduates, who are early career employees, and to prove the mediating effect of learning transfer and self-esteem. An analysis was conducted using the Graduate Occupational Mobility Survey panel data from the Korea Employment Information Service. The data analysis was conducted using the SPSS21.0, AMOS22.0, and PROCESS macro programs. The findings are as follows. The influence of support for career development intelligence building on learning transfer is significantly positive, as is the influence of learning transfer on self-esteem. In addition, self-esteem had a significantly positive influence on job performance. However, the relationship between learning transfer and job performance was negative, and the relationship between support for career development intelligence building and self-esteem was insignificant. Lastly, the PROCESS macro analysis showed a mediating effect of learning transfer and self-esteem between support for career development intelligence building and job performance. Thus, it is suggested that support for career development intelligence building for early career employees should precede the development of specific programs to increase their self-esteem and enhance their job performance. Full article

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13 pages, 639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Behavioral Approach to the Tourism Consumer Decisions of Generation Z

by Silvia Puiu, Liliana Velea, Mihaela Tinca Udristioiu and Alessandro Gallo

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090320 - 4 Sep 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3848

Abstract

The main objective of our research is to identify the impact of recycling and waste reduction behavior on the sustainable tourism decisions of Romanian youngsters (18–25 years old). We used the PLS-SEM method and introduced four variables in the model: sustainable tourism decisions, [...] Read more.

The main objective of our research is to identify the impact of recycling and waste reduction behavior on the sustainable tourism decisions of Romanian youngsters (18–25 years old). We used the PLS-SEM method and introduced four variables in the model: sustainable tourism decisions, the interest in recycling, the interest in waste reduction, and the interest in natural and less polluted touristic destinations. The main results emphasize the direct influence of recycling and waste reduction behaviors on the decisions made by Generation Z regarding sustainable tourism and on their preference for destinations that are better preserved and less touched by human intervention. The novelty of our research consists of the fact that we introduced variables such as waste reduction from the perspective of tourists because most studies address it as a management approach of the companies in the tourism sector. The findings are useful for managers in the tourism sector to create better strategies for attracting the younger generation who are preoccupied by environmental issues and sustainability in general. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Behavioral Economics)

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13 pages, 244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Effect of Compassion Fade in Volunteer Tourism

by Sae-Mi Lee

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090319 - 4 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1877

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between the type of volunteer tourism (human vs. flora vs. fauna) and the type of message (individual with no statistic vs. individual with small statistic vs. individual with large statistic) and potential tourists’ attitudes towards volunteer tourism and [...] Read more.

This study investigated the relationship between the type of volunteer tourism (human vs. flora vs. fauna) and the type of message (individual with no statistic vs. individual with small statistic vs. individual with large statistic) and potential tourists’ attitudes towards volunteer tourism and their intention to donate their time. To do so, this study conducted a between-subject 3 × 3 factorial design online experiment, where the influences of compassion fade on attitudes and behavioral intention to donate time for volunteer tourism, along with the impacts of positive affect, emotional involvement, and credibility, were examined. The results of the current study revealed that type of volunteer tourism and type of message do not affect attitude towards volunteer tourism and attitude towards the ad. Further analysis indicated that, among all three mediating variables, only positive affect mediated the relationship between type of volunteer tourism and attitude towards volunteer tourism, and all other hypotheses were not statistically significant. Moreover, the results indicated that there is a positive relationship between perceived ad credibility and attitude towards the ad, and also between perceived ad credibility and attitude towards volunteer tourism. The implications of these results are discussed based on the empirical findings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Consumption, Identity, Demographics and Self-Concept)

16 pages, 564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring “Nudgeability”: Development of a Scale on Susceptibility to Physical Activity Nudges among College Students

by Xinghua Wang, Guandong Song and Xia Wan

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090318 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3234

Abstract

Background: The current college lifestyle create more opportunities for students to develop unhealthy behaviors, especially physical inactivity. Nudging could be an effective tool to improve physical activity behaviors by changing college settings. One-nudge-fits-all leads to ineffective nudges, so it is necessary to develop [...] Read more.

Background: The current college lifestyle create more opportunities for students to develop unhealthy behaviors, especially physical inactivity. Nudging could be an effective tool to improve physical activity behaviors by changing college settings. One-nudge-fits-all leads to ineffective nudges, so it is necessary to develop a reliable and valid instrument capable of measuring the “nudgeability” of physical activity nudges for college students, which is for a higher level of nudge efficacy. Method: Developing the College Physical Activity Nudges Susceptibility Scale (CPANSS) that integrated the nudge method with the Likert scale, which is the first attempt to measure the susceptibility to nudges directly by a scale. There are four steps for developing CPANSS, including Scale Dimensions, Item Generation, Exploratory Factor Analysis (n = 294), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (n = 293) with appropriate procedures. Results: The five-factor 21-item CPANSS with good reliability and validity fitted the data reasonably well. Conclusion: The CPANSS was to provide a new tool for policymakers to design effective nudges in changing and promoting physical activity in college settings, and to provide a method for scholars to promote other healthy behaviors for different target groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Behavior Change: Theories, Methods, and Interventions)

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14 pages, 962 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Will Abusive Supervision Promote Subordinates’ Voluntary Learning Behavior?

by Zengrui Xiao and Ying Wang

Behav. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12090317 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1915

Abstract

Abusive supervision was traditionally viewed as a unidimensional construct and found detrimental in various fields, while there may be subdimensions associating with different consequences. This study aims to justify two subdimensions of abusive supervision, namely overt abusive supervision and covert abusive supervision, and [...] Read more.

Abusive supervision was traditionally viewed as a unidimensional construct and found detrimental in various fields, while there may be subdimensions associating with different consequences. This study aims to justify two subdimensions of abusive supervision, namely overt abusive supervision and covert abusive supervision, and investigate their effects on subordinates’ voluntary learning behavior, with public self-consciousness as a moderator. Data was acquired from a sample of 443 employees from China through a two-wave survey, and hypotheses were tested by hierarchical regression analysis. The empirical results demonstrated that overt abusive supervision promotes subordinates’ voluntary learning behavior at lower levels of public self-consciousness and hinders it otherwise, while covert abusive supervision promotes subordinates’ voluntary learning behavior homogeneously at different levels of public self-consciousness. The results suggest that supervisors could be mean and critical when encouraging subordinates to improve themselves, with subordinates’ public self-consciousness taken into consideration. However, abusive supervision should never be overused, not only because it is unethical and detrimental in many other fields, but also because the abused subordinates may just be preparing for leaving. Full article

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Behav. Sci., Volume 12, Issue 9 (September 2022) – 48 articles

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