Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review-Part-I (AI, Big Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, and Cloud Computing)

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The style and methodology of this review paper is designed very poorly. The authors need to rewrite the paper and fallow some quality review papers in this field. Currently, it’s present some basic information that’s already available in many sources. In this review authors focused on very basic informations about Healthcare Applications. I don’t think this paper provides something useful for readers and research community

Author Response

RESPONSES TO ANONYMOUS REVIEWERS COMMENTS

Reviewer-1

The style and methodology of this review paper is designed very poorly. The authors need to rewrite the paper and fallow some quality review papers in this field. Currently, it’s present some basic information that’s already available in many sources. In this review authors focused on very basic information about Healthcare Applications. I don’t think this paper provides something useful for readers and research community.

Answer: With due regards to the anonymous reviewers, authors have taken utmost care in addressing the concerns and advices given - as specified below:

1. Rephrased sentences and reframed contents to enhance the meaning.

 

1. Referred more number of latest review papers to further enhance the quality of Manuscript and cited them in the manuscript.

 

• There are many research works depicting utilization of AI, likewise research works pertaining to Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies are available separately. However this manuscript provides an integrated platform depicting research works pertaining to utilization of above mentioned technologies to solve many health care issues(and problems) - enabling readers to make them abreast of technological know-how’s (relevant to health care sector) and providing direction for future investigations to be carried out paving way for multi disciplinary collaborative research works.

 

1. In order to provide a more satisfactory learning experience to readers and research orientation for future investigators, the authors included more information pertaining to literature works in areas like
2. Deep Learning for detection of knee anterior cruciate ligament from MRI.
3. Detection of schistosomiasis factors.
4. Genetic Algorithm based data security framework for cloud storage.
5. Deep CNN to classify osteoarthritis using magnetic resonance imaging.
6. Effective Disease Prediction through Data Mining Techniques.
7. Deep Learning Models for COVID-19 Diagnosis.
8. Big data COVID-19 literature review.
9. Bigdata enabled DL approach for detection of COVID-19.

   Around 30 % of the manuscript was modified by adding valuable content to the introduction section and adding more information pertaining to advanced research works in AI, Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies. Reviewers may go through the manuscript if they desire so.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

The idea of this review paper with title " Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for 2 Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Re- 3 view, Part I (AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Open-Source Technologies, Cloud Computing) " is good and interesting.

However, authors should careful and do some amendments:

1. Do paraphrase and check the grammar of the paper. There are many grammar errors and need to be improved.
2. Paper title is too long, that should be reduced
3. Abstract should be revised with mentioned the year of studies.

4.       The introduction is content-rich, but the key content is not prominent. What are the innovations -points of your work?

5.        What are the challenges of your issue?

6.       Please reorganize the article logically and highlight your innovative contributions.

7.       Authors need to answer What is the motivation of the proposed work? Research gaps, objectives of the proposed work should be clearly justified.

8.       The Artificial intelligence section is written poorly, not considering the work related to health and images regarding diseases prediction

9.       There is no deep to show explanation of architectures in the diagram

10.   Some of latest papers are missing in the artificial intelligence and Big Data section not discussed related more diseases with deep learning

·       “Efficient detection of knee anterior cruciate ligament from magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning approach”

·       “Detection of schistosomiasis factors using association rule mining”

·       “Privacy-aware genetic algorithm based data security framework for distributed cloud storage”

·       “Improved deep convolutional neural network to classify osteoarthritis from anterior cruciate ligament tear using magnetic resonance imaging”

·       “Review on Effective Disease Prediction through Data Mining Techniques”.

·       “Performance Analysis for COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Custom and State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Models”

·       “Big data COVID-19 systematic literature review: pandemic crisis”

·       “Detection of COVID-19 in chest X-ray images: A big data enabled deep learning approach”

 

11.   The authors make a systematic contribution to the research literature in this area of investigation. However, the future enhancement is to be described in the conclusion section.

12.                 The limitations of the proposed approach are not highlighted clearly, besides the future work is not stated.

 

13. The introduction section is very much limited, for this describes how deep learning and machine
14. Propose methodology should be enhanced more.

Author Response

Reviewer-2

The idea of this review paper with title " Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for 2 Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Re- 3 view, Part I (AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Open-Source Technologies, Cloud Computing) " is good and interesting.

However, authors should careful and do some amendments:

1. Do paraphrase and check the grammar of the paper. There are many grammar errors and need to be improved.

Answer:  Spell check is performed, sentences are rephrased wherever essential - while the grammatical and technical errors also addressed (Highlighted Red in the manuscript) to provide a satisfactory experience to the readers.

2. Paper title is too long, that should be reduced.

 

Answer: The authors would like to inform anonymous reviewers that – the proposed review work titled   “Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Health Care Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review-Part-I (AI, Big-Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, & Cloud Computing)” was undertaken in TWO PARTS (Manuscripts) i.e., PART-I & PART-II.

 

We have already submitted PART-II Manuscript (Under Review Now) with same Title. If the reviewers suggest to go ahead with changing the title – we shall request the PART-II Reviewers as well and change title for both manuscripts.

 

In such a case we propose the below mentioned Title:

“Impact of Technological Advancements on Health Care Applications: An Exhaustive Review-Part-I (AI, Big-Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, & Cloud Computing)”.

 

3. Abstract should be revised with mentioned the year of studies.

 

Answer: Authors have taken care in revising the Abstract – typically specifying the years of studies thereof.

4. The introduction is content-rich, but the key content is not prominent. What are the innovations -points of your work?

Answer: In the proposed review work, authors mainly focussed upon enlightening the prominent readers and global researchers about pandemics prepared health care support systems (in view of pandemics & viruses etc) as well as examine the uncovered and unspoken health care issues faced by clinical pathologists & hospital administration systems.

Therefore to ensure this –authors conducted this review work in Two Parts (Manuscripts) i.e., Part-I (current manuscript) and Part-II Manuscript (under Review).

One innovative aspect of this manuscript is that – though there are plenty of research works depicting  advancements in AI, Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies enabling prominent readers to enhance their knowledge levels - this manuscript provides a right  platform integrating research works pertaining to all these technologies at one place enabling readers to make them abreast of technological know-how’s (relevant to health care sector) and  providing directions for future investigations to be carried out paving way for execution of multi-disciplinary collaborative research works.

5. What are the challenges of your issue?

Answer:  Though there are plenty of research (and/or review) works depicting advancements in AI, Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies enabling prominent readers to enhance their knowledge levels this manuscript is providing an apt platform integrating research works pertaining to all these technologies at one place educating readers and enabling the execution of multi-disciplinary collaborative research works. Therefore collection of data pertaining to research works (governing deployment of these Technologies) in solving Health care issues supported by depicting the technology wise limitations are few challenges encountered by authors while preparing this manuscript.

6. 6.       Please reorganize the article logically and highlight your innovative contributions.

Answer:  Authors have taken utmost care in rephrasing sentences, restructuring paragraphs, revising the logical positioning of content to present the review works more logically thereby promising a satisfactory reading experience to readers.

Although there are many research papers depicting applicability of AI in solving health care issues and likewise research papers pertaining to Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies are also available separately.

The main innovative aspects of this manuscript includes providing a multi-disciplinary collaborative integrated platform depicting research works pertaining to all these technologies at one place, such that aspiring readers and investigators can be made abreast of the technological advancements and happenings taking place in AI, Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies all at one point enabling future investigations to be carried out comfortably.

7. Authors need to answer what is the motivation of the proposed work? Research gaps, objectives of the proposed work should be clearly justified.

Answer:  Motivation behind taking up this review work is Highlighted RED in manuscript - the same was pasted here for reference

“Outburst of COVID Pandemic uncovered the deficit preparedness of global health-care system in handling such kind of pandemics, additionally there are many uncovered maladies in clinical microbiology, medical education, preoperative surgical planning, cardiology, neurology, Spine Medicine, tuberculosis diagnosis, mastectomy surgical planning, Orthopaedic Surgery, Laparoscopic Surgery, Surgical Training, Robotic Surgeries, Anxiety (& Depression treatments) & Hospital Navigations etc. All these prevailing gaps and other ailments in the health care sector including many unspoken medical issues motivated authors to conduct this broad review work in two parts i.e., PART-I Manuscript & PART-II deciphering the role play of technological advancements aiding health care applications”.

The main objectives of this work include collection of research data pertaining to applicability of AI, Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source and Cloud Computing technologies(to the health care sector) and providing an integrated platform depicting the availability of research works pertaining to the utilization of all these technologies at one place. This work is helpful for enhancing knowledge levels of eminent readers as well as promoting multi-disciplinary collaborative research works.

8. 8.       The Artificial intelligence section is written poorly, not considering the work related to health and images regarding diseases prediction.

Answer:  Contributions depicting the utility of AI (ML & DL Algorithms) for health and diseases prediction (more specifically COVID-19) based on x-ray images, CT-Images and MRI are herewith included in the manuscript(in Table-1).

9. 9.       There is no deep to show explanation of architectures in the diagram

Answer: Explanation added to the CNN, VGGNET, GoogleNet & ResNet architectures clearly specifying the Deepness (or the number of layers) of different DL Architectures discussed in  manuscript(Highlighted RED IN Manuscript).

10. Some of latest papers are missing in the artificial intelligence and Big Data section not discussed related more diseases with deep learning

• “Efficient detection of knee anterior cruciate ligament from magnetic resonance imaging using deep learning approach”
• “Detection of schistosomiasis factors using association rule mining”
• “Privacy-aware genetic algorithm based data security framework for distributed cloud storage”
• “Improved deep convolutional neural network to classify osteoarthritis from anterior cruciate ligament tear using magnetic resonance imaging”
• “Review on Effective Disease Prediction through Data Mining Techniques”.
• “Performance Analysis for COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Custom and State-of-the-Art Deep Learning Models”
• “Big data COVID-19 systematic literature review: pandemic crisis”
• “Detection of COVID-19 in chest X-ray images: A big data enabled deep learning approach”

 Answer: Latest review papers covering below mentioned areas of research works

1. DL approach based detection of Knee anterior cruciate ligament from MRI.
2. Detection of schistosomiasis factors using association rule mining.

• Genetic Algorithm based data security framework for distributed cloud storage.

1. Deep CNN for osteoarthritis using MRI.
2. Review on Effective Disease Prediction through Data Mining Techniques.
3. Different ML &DL Approaches for COVID-19 diagnosis & detection using XRAY and CT images.

• Big data COVID-19 systematic literature review: pandemic crisis.

Are included to enhance the quality of manuscript enriching knowledge levels of valuable readers.

11. The authors make a systematic contribution to the research literature in this area of investigation. However, the future enhancement is to be described in the conclusion section.

Answer:  Future enhancement works left over for being taken up by the research community are included in “Future Scope and Challenges Section” (Highlighted Red in the Manuscript).However the same was pasted here.

 

• Though Artificial Intelligence penetrated into chat bots, CAD (Computer Aided Detection) systems for diagnosis and surgeries leveraging the analytics - human surveillance cannot be avoided in surgeries because surgical robots can only operate logically but not empathetically. While the AI applications and relevant data are totally not free from (susceptible to) cyber-attacks.
• With the healthcare organizations adopting bigdata in large numbers, multiple sources of bigdata includes data from hospital records, patients’ health records, results of medical examinations, wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) etc., the challenges associated with handling bigdata demands adequate infrastructure to systematically analyze bigdata. On the other hand Incompetent and incompatible data systems renders the interfacing of big data sets difficult thereby posing problems to ensure confidentiality of patient’s data.
• Though fullest deployment of block chain technology bears potential to revolutionize the healthcare sector by ensuring medical records to be well organized and secured, Storage of patient EHR (electronic health records) on block chain is economically not viable for implementation (especially in developing and middle-east countries). It is difficult to query data with block chain technology further data redundancy, data privacy infringement, data ownership etc., are few additional challenges associated left for being addressed by research community.
• Though open source technologies (OST) holds potential to bring together various healthcare service providers, pharmaceutical vendors, medical institutions, patient communities, researchers and slash down the IT infrastructure costs they remain agile to adopt novel IT solutions. While shared availability of OST elevates the risk of hacking and data breaches as well as lack of standardisation in utility when compared with software’s provided by the standard vendors.
• Though cloud computing transformed the health care sector by hastening the migration of workloads from data centers to the cloud significantly changing the way information systems are deployed, operated and maintained inside a sole informative system. Cloud computing data in health care sector is prone to data breach and security issues thereby raising concerns in protecting the privacy of real time data, henceforth types and levels of security issues are left open for being taken care of.

12. The limitations of the proposed approach are not highlighted clearly, besides the future work is not stated.

 Answer:  Challenges or limitations associated in making best utilisation of technological advancements are outlined in the “Futurescope and Challenges” section of the manuscript (Highlighted Red in the Manuscript). However the same was pasted here again for the kind reference of anonymous reviewers.

• Though Artificial Intelligence penetrated into AI based surgeries - human surveillance cannot be avoided because surgical robots can only operate logically but not empathetically.
• AI applications and relevant data are totally not free from (susceptible to) cyber-attacks.
• Incompetent and incompatible data systems are making big data sets difficult to interface adhering to maintaining confidentiality of patient’s data.
• Storage of patient EHR (electronic health records) on block chain is economically not viable for implementation (especially in developing and middle-east countries).
• With block chain technology it is difficult to query the data further data redundancy, data privacy infringement, data ownership etc., are few additional challenges left for being addressed effectively.
• Shared availability of OST (Open Source Technologies) typically elevates the risk of hacking and data breaches, lack of standardisation in utility when compared with software’s provided by those from standard vendors.
• Cloud computing data in health care sector is prone to data breach and security issues thereby raising concerns in protecting the privacy of real time data, henceforth types and levels of security issues are left open for being taken care of.

 

1. The introduction section is very much limited, for this describes how deep learning and machine.

Answer:  Authors have taken care in making the Introduction Section more meaningful by adding more content depicting the broad applicable areas of ML & DL in addressing COVID19 and many other ailments pertaining to other health care segments.

1. Propose methodology should be enhanced more.

       Answer:  The authors have taken care of –by adding more research contributions addressing many uncovered and unexposed health care issues (in this manuscript) that are clearly depicted in TABLE1 & TABLE2 of the Manuscript.

 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments on overall MS:

The authors proposed Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review, Part I (AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Open-Source Technologies, Cloud Computing). The title of this manuscript is satisfactory, and it deals with a very interesting field. The manuscript is completely congruent with its title. It deals with a modern and very interesting topic. This is a clear, informative, and well-written review manuscript on healthcare applications. The presentation is relevant content about AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Open-Source Technologies, and Cloud Computing. Enough information about the previous study findings is presented. An overview of modern approaches and related issues has been provided and managed using a more efficient technique. The authors make a systematic review of the research literature in this area of investigation future work is mentioned.

My Assessment Criteria:

• Scientific novelty: very high

• Applicative novelty: Excellent

• Correctness: a few minor errors

• Scientific overall quality: Excellent

• Language & Style: a few corrections

• Organization & Clarity: Excellent

• References (the level to which the author has provided references (which are all cited in the text) relevant to the topic, contemporary, and cover most of the significant contributions made, by others to this field of study is…..): very good

• The topic of this paper fits the Journal Categories: Perfectly

• Figures are B&W or gray format (not blurred), with good resolution, clear content, uniformly text included, and all are cited in the text: Yes

• Tables are clearly content, organize, and styled: Yes 

• Title & Keywords are they relevant: Yes

To improve the manuscript, I have a few points:

1- Rewrite the title of the research paper (it can be shortened).

2- The word "Part 1" in the title, is it a mistake or refers to what?

3- In the abstract, the authors mention "The proposed review work is conducted in two parts.". The next sentence, "Part 1" which about discusses advanced technologies. My question is, where is Part 2?!

4- Avoid using short paragraphs as it is presented in the introduction section. Also, in the other places of a manuscript (please check)

5- The introduction lacks some explanation (i) The introduction paragraphs need to be reorganized (some are short and some are long). Also, there is no correct flow of content to reflect the title of the manuscript. (ii) The problem and motivation of the proposed approach should be more elaborated. (iii) Please specify the importance of the proposed solution; highlighting your contributions that the authors reached to them during this study..  (iv) You need to answer these questions in this section: Q1. What are the differences between this work with the other recent works? 

6-  The references for the paragraphs and sentences need to be added.

 

 

Author Response

 

 

Reviewer-3

 

The authors proposed Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Healthcare Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review, Part I (AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Open-Source Technologies, Cloud Computing). The title of this manuscript is satisfactory, and it deals with a very interesting field. The manuscript is completely congruent with its title. It deals with a modern and very interesting topic. This is a clear, informative, and well-written review manuscript on healthcare applications. The presentation is relevant content about AI, Big Data, Blockchain, Open-Source Technologies, and Cloud Computing. Enough information about the previous study findings is presented. An overview of modern approaches and related issues has been provided and managed using a more efficient technique. The authors make a systematic review of the research literature in this area of investigation future work is mentioned.

My Assessment Criteria:

• Scientific novelty: very high
• Applicative novelty: Excellent
• Correctness: a few minor errors
• Scientific overall quality: Excellent
• Language & Style: a few corrections
• Organization & Clarity: Excellent
• References (the level to which the author has provided references (which are all cited in the text) relevant to the topic, contemporary, and cover most of the significant contributions made, by others to this field of study is…..): very good
• The topic of this paper fits the Journal Categories: Perfectly
• Figures are B&W or gray format (not blurred), with good resolution, clear content, uniformly text included, and all are cited in the text: Yes
• Tables are clearly content, organize, and styled: Yes 
• Title & Keywords are they relevant: Yes

To improve the manuscript, I have a few points:

1- Rewrite the title of the research paper (it can be shortened).

Answer: The authors would like to inform anonymous reviewers that – the proposed review work titled   “Technological Advancements and Elucidation Gadgets for Health Care Applications: An Exhaustive Methodological Review-Part-I (AI, Big-Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, & Cloud Computing)” was undertaken in TWO PARTS (Manuscripts) i.e., PART-I Manuscript & PART-II Manuscript.

 

We have already submitted PART-II Manuscript (Under Review Now) with same Title. If the reviewers suggest to go ahead with changing the title – we shall request PART-II Reviewers as well and change title for both manuscripts.

 

In such a case we propose the below mentioned Title:

“Impact of Technological Advancements on Health Care Applications: An Exhaustive Review-Part-I (AI, Big-Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, & Cloud Computing)”.

2- The word "Part 1" in the title, is it a mistake or refers to what?

Answer: The WORD “Part 1” in Manuscript does not represent a mistake or typo error instead authors would like to inform anonymous reviewers that – this proposed review work was actually conducted in TWO PARTS (Manuscripts) i.e., PART-I Manuscript & PART-II Manuscript. Where the current PART-I Manuscript included applicability of technologies like “AI, Big-Data, Block Chain, Open-Source Technologies, & Cloud Computing” for health care sector, while the PART-II Manuscript (Under Review) dealt with technologies like Robotics, Drones, 3D-Printing, IoT (Internet of things), Virtual/Augmented/Mixed Reality etc.

 

3- In the abstract, the authors mention "The proposed review work is conducted in two parts.". The next sentence, "Part 1" which about discusses advanced technologies. My question is, where is Part 2?!

Answer: As mentioned in the answer for above question – the PART-II Manuscript was already under review by other anonymous reviewers.

4- Avoid using short paragraphs as it is presented in the introduction section. Also, in the other places of a manuscript (please check).

Answer: To add more logical view and appearance, the authors minimized usage of short paragraphs wherever possible.

5- The introduction lacks some explanation (i) The introduction paragraphs need to be reorganized (some are short and some are long). Also, there is no correct flow of content to reflect the title of the manuscript. (ii) The problem and motivation of the proposed approach should be more elaborated. (iii) Please specify the importance of the proposed solution; highlighting your contributions that the authors reached to them during this study.  (iv) You need to answer these questions in this section: Q1. What are the differences between this work with the other recent works? 

Answer: Valuable advices by the anonymous reviewers regarding Introduction part of Manuscript are addressed by the authors as specified below:

1. i) In order to drive the readers(of Manuscript) with more learning enthusiasm- Introduction section was reorganized by adding uniformity to the sizes of paragraphs wherever feasible.
2. ii) Further the content flow was rephrased to aptly reflect the title of Manuscript.

iii) The reason behind(or the motivation) behind taking up this review work was included in the Introduction Section(Highlighted Red in the Manuscript).While the same was pasted here for  reference of reviewers.

“ The sudden outburst of COVID Pandemic uncovered the deficiencies of global health-care systems in preparing to handle emergency public-health situations – in addition to the existing uncovered maladies in clinical microbiology, medical education, preoperative surgical planning, Spine Medicine, tuberculosis diagnosis, mastectomy surgical planning, Orthopaedic Surgery, Laparoscopic Surgery, Surgical Training, Robotic Surgeries, Anxiety (& Depression treatments) & Hospital Navigations etc. Therefore the need for addressing the gaps and deficits associated in rendering best quality preventive life saving emergency treatments to the patient community as well as uncovering the variant number of unspoken medical issues (disorders) and ailments that serve as major hindrances in saving lives of people - motivated authors to conduct this review work to decipher the contribution of innovative technological advancements governing health care applications”.

1. iv) As such there are many research(and/or review) works depicting the applicability of technological advancements in AI, Bigdata, Blockchain, Open source software and Cloud computing technologies(to the health care sector) exclusively. Out of them we find manuscripts covering any ONE OR TWO of these works at one place. Therefore this work is totally different from other works – in the sense that this review work (manuscript) is providing an apt platform depicting the integration of research works pertaining to all these technologies at one place educating readers and future researchers to execute multi-disciplinary collaborative research works.

6- The references for the paragraphs and sentences need to be added.

Answer: Added references for paragraphs and sentences wherever needed (Highlighted RED in the Manuscript).

 

*****

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

In this revised version, authors improved the paper by adding some resent work. But still I feel this paper needs improvement to highlight further research directions in detail

 

1. This paper needs to compare with some surveys in same domain to clear what is new in this study
2. Mostly survey or review papers is written to highlight research issues and provide research directions in that domain, as a main section needs to be included.  
3. Presentation of this paper is very week

 

Author Response

Responses to Reviewer Comments (Reviewer 1, Round-2)

In this revised version, authors improved the paper by adding some resent work. But still I feel this paper needs improvement to highlight further research directions in detail. 

1. This paper needs to compare with some surveys in same domain to clear what is new in this study
2. Mostly survey or review papers is written to highlight research issues and provide research directions in that domain, as a main section needs to be included.
3. Presentation of this paper is very week  

Response: As suggested by respected reviewer, the following section (Highlighted in Red) has been included in the paper (Part-1) with a table of Surveys of health care applications and discussed highlights of research directions.

2. Overview of Technological Contributions to Health Care Sector

Past few decades witnessed multiple research works to determine best possible ways of subjecting technological advancements to revamp the healthcare domain by continuously providing solutions to nature thrown viruses, pandemics and clinical issues, diagnostic procedures relevant to cardiology, neurology, orthopaedics, dentistry, oncology etc., This section of the manuscript is aimed at highlighting the survey and review works pertaining to applicability of AI, Bigdata, Block chain, Open source and Cloud computing technolo-gies to various healthcare issues. There are AI based healthcare apps to measure patient health conditions, provide medication warnings, products (IBM Watson) to assist clinical pathologists in Oncology, breast cancer colorectal cancer, rectal cancer and lung cancer etc., typically highlighting potential of AI to improve the therapeutic accuracy and clinical treatment process.

On the other hand large amounts of clinical and patient data (Bigdata) is generated at an unprecedented speed for documenting the Electronic Health Records- many novel investigations and discoveries being published time to time ensuring efficient manage-ment and interpretation of bigdata opening new avenues for modern healthcare. Now healthcare is at an arena where regularly evolving use cases are handled by different health care organizations and industries through adoption of block chain technology such that members of research community and practitioners typically grasping novel block chain based health care applications targeting them. Rapidly developing innovations de-picting applicability of IoT technology coupled with variant types of sensors connecting smart devices promoted seamless requirement of data analysis and data storage platform like Cloud computing. The gradual and systematic transformation in health care systems to ensure highly efficient and flexible health care services to the patient community can be attributed to plenty of investigations happening since decades.

YEAR	Past Review Highlights		Reference
Artificial Intelligence
2021	Review to summarize the application of virtual and augmented reality technologies to orthopaedic surgery training and practice aims.		198
2020	Review aimed to provide an overview of potential applications of AI and Big Data in the global effort to manage the COVID pandemic		199
2019	Evolution of Research in AI in Health and Medicine: A Bibliometric Study		200
2018	Literature review depicting application of machine learning techniques and methods to solve orthopedic problems (covering articles of last two decades)		201
2016	IBM Computing System Watson for Oncology with Manipal Hospitals.		202
2004	AI-based technologies depicting innovations in medicine and healthcare industry		203
2016	Bigdata application Review in Bioinformatics, Clinical Informatics, Imaging Informatics and Public Health Informatics		204
2015	Cloud framework to ensure concurrent and scalable medical record retrieval		205
2014	Review on facilitating big data to predict hazards of disease inci­dence and improve primary care.		206
2016	Survey on research advancements in ML for Bigdata processing.		207
2022	Review of blockchain technology in healthcare, finance, wireless networks, IoT & SMART GRIDS.		208
2021	Survey depicting various research works pertaining to deployment of Block chain in Internet of Things(IoT)		209
2021	Comprehensive survey of emerging IoT technologies, machine learning, and blockchain for healthcare applications.		210
2020	Literature review of blockchain approaches for Electronic Health Record systems.		211
2019	Review of Block chain models implementation to existing and latest healthcare scenario’s.		212
2020	Attempt to analyse combination of IoT and Cloud computing for health care applications		213
2019	Attempt to highlight research challenges to build a security model for EHR		214
2019	Survey depicting development of IoT and cloud computing based health care applications.		215

.

Table 1 summarizes research findings extracted from various survey papers and review papers depicting applicability of technologies like AI, Bigdata, Block chain, Open Source and Cloud computing technologies to solve clinical and health care issues. In the current manuscript, authors have pooled research data pertaining to all the above five technologies enabling readers to make them abreast of technological know-how’s (relevant to health care sector) and providing direction for future investigations to be carried out paving way for multi-disciplinary collaborative research works.

 

 

198. Longo et.al, “Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 3253. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073253.
199. Nicola Luigi Bragazzi et.al, “How Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Can Help Better Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3176; doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093176
200. Bach Xuan Tran et.al, “Global Evolution of Research in Artificial Intelligence in Health and Medicine: A Bibliometric Study”, J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 360; doi: 10.3390/jcm8030360
201. Federico CabitzaET.AL, “Machine Learning in Orthopedics: ALiterature Review”, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology | www.frontiersin.org, June 2018-Volume 6 -Article 75.
202. Somashekhar, S et.al, “Validation Study to Assess Pperformance of IBM Cognitive Computing System Watson for Oncology with Manipal Multidisciplinary Tumour Board for 1000 Consecutive Cases: An Indian Experience. Ann”. Oncol. 2016, 27, 1–2. [CrossRef]
203. Ramesh, A.; Kambhampati, C.; Monson, J.; Drew, P. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 2004, 86, 334–338. [CrossRef].
204. Jake Luo, Min Wu et.al, “Big Data Application in Biomedical Research and Health Care: A Literature Review”, Biomedical Informatics Insights 2016:8.
205. Lin W, Dou W, Zhou Z, et al. A cloud-based framework for home-diagnosis service over big medical data. J Syst Software. 2015;102:192–206.
206. Wang W, Krishnan E. Big data and clinicians: a review on the state of the science. JMIR Med Inform. 2014;2(1):e1.
207. Junfei Qiu g, “ A survey of machine learning for big data processing”, Qiu et al. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2016) 2016:67.
208. Krichen, M.; Ammi, M.;Mihoub, A.; Almutiq, M. Blockchain for Modern Applications: A Survey. Sensors 2022, 22, 5274. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145274.
209. Iftikhar, Z et.al, “Privacy Preservation in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices Using Block Chain—A Survey”, Electronics 2021, 10, 1732.https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141732
210. Imran, M, “Comprehensive Survey of IoT, Machine Learning, and Block Chain for Health Care Applications: A Topical Assessment for Pandemic Preparedness, Challenges, and Solutions. Electronics 2021, 10, 2501.
211. Shuyun Shi et.al, “Applications of blockchain in ensuring the security and privacy of electronic health record systems: A survey “, Computers & Security 97 (2020) 101966.
212. Asad Ali Siyal et.al, “Applications of Blockchain Technology in Medicine and Healthcare: Challenges and Future Perspectives”, Cryptography 2019, 3,3;doi:10.3390/cryptography3010003.
213. Motahareh Nazari Jahantigh1,”Integration of Internet of Things and cloud computing: a systematic survey”, IET Commun., 2020, Vol. 14 Iss. 2, pp. 165-176.
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Author's Reply to the Review Report (Reviewer 2, Round-2)

The authors did all the corrections carefully 

Dear reviewer, Thanks a lot for your appreciated comment. The suggestion provided by the reviewer is really helpful in improving the overall quality of the manuscript.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

The authors did all the corrections carefully 

Author Response

Author's Reply to the Review Report (Reviewer 2, Round-2)

The authors did all the corrections carefully 

Dear reviewer, Thanks a lot for your appreciated comment. The suggestion provided by the reviewer is really helpful in improving the overall quality of the manuscript.

Round 3

Reviewer 1 Report

This revised version has been improved