Comparison of Targeted (HPLC) and Nontargeted (GC-MS and NMR) Approaches for the Detection of Undeclared Addition of Protein Hydrolysates in Turkey Breast Muscle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Sampling and Adulteration of Turkey Breast
2.3. Amino Acid Analysis Using HPLC-UV/VIS
2.3.1. Sample Preparation for Amino Acid Analysis
2.3.2. Amino Acid Content Determination
2.4. GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Analyses
2.4.1. Sample Preparation for Metabolomics Study of White Breast Meat
2.4.2. GC-MS Measurements and Data Processing
2.4.3. Amino Acid Quantification
2.5. 1H NMR-Based Metabolomics Analyses
2.5.1. Sample Preparation for Metabolomics Study of White Breast Meat
2.5.2. 1H NMR Spectroscopy, Data Processing and Identification of the Signals
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Capability of Amino Acid Profiling for the Detection of Added Protein Hydrolysates
3.1.1. Comparison of Partial Hydrolyzed Wheat-, Gelatin- and Casein-Hydrolysates
3.1.2. Comparison of Total Hydrolyzed Wheat-, Gelatin- and Casein-Hydrolysates
3.1.3. General Aspects Regarding the Detection of Free Amino Acids in Treated Breast Muscles
3.2. Metabolomics Approaches to Obtain Additional Information Regarding Hydrolysate-Treated Samples Independently of the Hydrolyzation Degree
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wagner, L.; Peukert, M.; Kranz, B.; Gerhardt, N.; Andrée, S.; Busch, U.; Brüggemann, D.A. Comparison of Targeted (HPLC) and Nontargeted (GC-MS and NMR) Approaches for the Detection of Undeclared Addition of Protein Hydrolysates in Turkey Breast Muscle. Foods 2020, 9, 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081084
Wagner L, Peukert M, Kranz B, Gerhardt N, Andrée S, Busch U, Brüggemann DA. Comparison of Targeted (HPLC) and Nontargeted (GC-MS and NMR) Approaches for the Detection of Undeclared Addition of Protein Hydrolysates in Turkey Breast Muscle. Foods. 2020; 9(8):1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081084
Chicago/Turabian StyleWagner, Liane, Manuela Peukert, Bertolt Kranz, Natalie Gerhardt, Sabine Andrée, Ulrich Busch, and Dagmar Adeline Brüggemann. 2020. "Comparison of Targeted (HPLC) and Nontargeted (GC-MS and NMR) Approaches for the Detection of Undeclared Addition of Protein Hydrolysates in Turkey Breast Muscle" Foods 9, no. 8: 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081084
APA StyleWagner, L., Peukert, M., Kranz, B., Gerhardt, N., Andrée, S., Busch, U., & Brüggemann, D. A. (2020). Comparison of Targeted (HPLC) and Nontargeted (GC-MS and NMR) Approaches for the Detection of Undeclared Addition of Protein Hydrolysates in Turkey Breast Muscle. Foods, 9(8), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9081084