Investigating the Mechanical Property and Enhanced Mechanism of Modified Pisha Sandstone Geopolymer via Ion Exchange Solidification
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Volume Reduction Rate
2.2. Effect of Ion Type
2.3. Zeta Potential
2.4. Shear Strength
2.5. XRD
2.6. TG/DTG Analysis
2.7. Microstructure Analysis
3. Conclusions
- (1)
- It is possible to develop engineering materials utilizing Pisha sandstone via ion exchange modification. The study of the properties of modified PS confirmed that the volume stability of samples can be enhanced after the ion exchange modification: the volume of the modified PS sample stabilized after 7 days for the samples based on monovalent modifiers (KCl, NaCl, NH4Cl and LiCl), divalent modifiers (CaCl2, MgCl2, CuCl2 and BaCl2) and trivalent modifiers (FeCl3 and AlCl3).The volume reduction rates of samples were 12~39.82%, 14.55~52.73% and 32.55~54.55%, respectively. The volume reduction rates of samples based on monovalent and divalent modifiers reached the maximum value when the modifier solution concentration was 0.05 mol/L, and the maximum value of the volume reduction rate of samples was achieved at the concentration of the trivalent modifiers at 0.01 mol/L.
- (2)
- The types, radius and surface charge density of cations of modifiers had significant effects on the hydration expansion of the samples. The volume reduction rate and mechanical strength of the samples increased with the increase of the surface charge density of cations. The volume reduction rate of samples increased from 5% to 55% when the surface charge density of cations increased from 0.08 C/m2 to 0.18 C/m2, and the shear strength of the modified PS samples increased from 48 kPa to 138 kPa with the increase of the sample volume reduction rate from 5% to 55%.
- (3)
- The XRD and TG–DTG results of the modified PS samples showed that the diffraction peak of the expansion mineral montmorillonite shifted from 6°2θ to 8°2θ, and the interlayer spacing was reduced from d = 1.53 nm to d = 1.07 nm. At the same time, the mass loss in the range of 105~300 °C decreased from 8.16% to 1.74%, the hydration swelling capacity of PS was significantly reduced, and the amount of free water and weakly bound water in the samples was significantly reduced. SEM results showed that the microstructure of the matrix became denser and more homogeneous, and cotton flocs, flakes and flocculent gel substances were the main products.
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Sample Preparation and Characterization
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | TiO2 | CaO | MgO | K2O | Na2O | MnO | FeO | CO2 | LOI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
64.7 | 10.1 | 1.8 | 0.3 | 7.4 | 1.2 | 2.7 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 5.40 | 3.1 |
Modifier Type | Concentration/(mol/L) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
KCl | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
NaCl | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
NH4Cl | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
LiCl | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
MgCl2 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
CaCl2 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
CuCl2 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
BaCl2 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
AlCl3 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
FeCl3 | 0.005 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.1 |
Number | Modifier Type | Modifier Solution | Solid Amount/(%) s/b # | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration/Amount (mol/L)/(%) | |||||
1 | Water | 0 | 20 | 80 | 0.25 |
2 | NaCl | 0.05 | 20 | 80 | 0.25 |
3 | CaCl2 | 0.05 | 20 | 80 | 0.25 |
4 | FeCl3 | 0.05 | 20 | 80 | 0.25 |
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Li, C.; Song, L.; Cao, Y.; Zhao, S.; Liu, H.; Yang, C.; Cheng, H.; Jia, D. Investigating the Mechanical Property and Enhanced Mechanism of Modified Pisha Sandstone Geopolymer via Ion Exchange Solidification. Gels 2022, 8, 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050300
Li C, Song L, Cao Y, Zhao S, Liu H, Yang C, Cheng H, Jia D. Investigating the Mechanical Property and Enhanced Mechanism of Modified Pisha Sandstone Geopolymer via Ion Exchange Solidification. Gels. 2022; 8(5):300. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050300
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Changming, Lisha Song, Yali Cao, Shunbo Zhao, Hui Liu, Chen Yang, Haifeng Cheng, and Dongyang Jia. 2022. "Investigating the Mechanical Property and Enhanced Mechanism of Modified Pisha Sandstone Geopolymer via Ion Exchange Solidification" Gels 8, no. 5: 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050300
APA StyleLi, C., Song, L., Cao, Y., Zhao, S., Liu, H., Yang, C., Cheng, H., & Jia, D. (2022). Investigating the Mechanical Property and Enhanced Mechanism of Modified Pisha Sandstone Geopolymer via Ion Exchange Solidification. Gels, 8(5), 300. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050300