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Abstract

Dose–Response Relationships of Five Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank Study †

by
Solange Parra-Soto
1,2,*,
Katherine Livingstone
3,
Fiona Malcomson
4,
John Mathers
4,
Jill Pell
5,
Frederick Ho
5 and
Carlos Celis-Morales
2,6
1
Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan 3780000, Chile
2
School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
3
Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
4
Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
5
School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
6
Human Performance Lab, Education, Physical Activity and Health Research Unit, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3466706, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091041
Published: 15 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Diet is an important risk factor for cancer. Several approaches for assessing the nutritional quality of diets have been developed and are associated with cancer risk. However, the evidence is limited for some dietary patterns. This study investigated the associations between five dietary patterns and incident all-cause cancer. This study included 159,631 adults from the UK Biobank cohort who were free from cancer at baseline. All-cause cancer was derived from cancer registry linkage. Dietary intake was evaluated according to five dietary pattern scores: the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), the Recommended Food Score (RFS), the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND). All dietary scores were categorised into tertiles, and the unhealthiest tertile for each score was used as the reference group. Cox regression was performed to investigate associations between each of the five dietary scores and all-cause cancer incidence, adjusting for sociodemographic (age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, and income) and lifestyle (smoking status, total sedentary time, and total physical activity) factors, adiposity (BMI), and multimorbidity. After a median follow-up of 7.8 (IQR: 7.3; 10.6) years, 11,978 adults developed cancer. The RFS (HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.94; 0.98]), HDI (HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.94; 0.99]), and E-DII (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.95; 0.99]) were inversely associated with the risk of all-cause cancer. Compared with the lowest tertile, the risk of all-cause cancer was lower for adults in the healthiest tertile for the RFS (HR 0.92 [95% CI 0.88; 0.96]), HDI (HR 0.93 [95% CI 0.89; 0.97]), and E-DII (HR 0.94 [95% CI 0.90; 0.99]). No associations were found for the MDS and MIND. A lower risk of all-cause cancer was observed with greater adherence to three of the five investigated dietary patterns (RFS, HDI, and E-DII) independent of adiposity and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, S.P.-S. and C.C.-M.; methodology, S.P.-S. and C.C.-M.; software C.C.-M., F.H. and J.P.; formal analysis, S.P.-S. and C.C.-M. investigation, C.C.-M., F.H. and J.P.; writing—original draft preparation, S.P.-S.; writing—review and editing, all authors; supervision, C.C.-M., F.H. and J.P. project administration, C.C.-M., F.H. and J.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC) as a Research Tissue Bank (RTB) approval.

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement

Data are available upon request from the UK Biobank admin group.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Parra-Soto, S.; Livingstone, K.; Malcomson, F.; Mathers, J.; Pell, J.; Ho, F.; Celis-Morales, C. Dose–Response Relationships of Five Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. Proceedings 2023, 91, 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091041

AMA Style

Parra-Soto S, Livingstone K, Malcomson F, Mathers J, Pell J, Ho F, Celis-Morales C. Dose–Response Relationships of Five Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):41. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091041

Chicago/Turabian Style

Parra-Soto, Solange, Katherine Livingstone, Fiona Malcomson, John Mathers, Jill Pell, Frederick Ho, and Carlos Celis-Morales. 2023. "Dose–Response Relationships of Five Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank Study" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091041

APA Style

Parra-Soto, S., Livingstone, K., Malcomson, F., Mathers, J., Pell, J., Ho, F., & Celis-Morales, C. (2023). Dose–Response Relationships of Five Dietary Patterns with the Risk of Cancer: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. Proceedings, 91(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091041

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