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Abstract

Maternal Dietary Intervention during Lactation Impacts the Maternal Faecal and Human Milk Microbiota †

by
Azhar S. Sindi
1,2,3,4,
Lisa F. Stinson
3,4,5,
Zoya Gridneva
3,4,5,
Gabriela E. Leghi
6,
Merryn J. Netting
7,8,9,
Mary E. Wlodek
5,10,
Beverly S. Muhlhausler
6,11,
Alethea Rea
12,13,
Michelle L. Trevenen
12,
Donna T. Geddes
3,4,5 and
Matthew S. Payne
1,*
1
Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
2
College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381-8156, Saudi Arabia
3
ABREAST Network, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
4
UWA Centre for Human Lactation Research and Translation, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
5
School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
6
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
7
Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
8
Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
9
Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
10
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
11
CSIRO, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
12
Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
13
Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the Australian Breastfeeding + Lactation Research and Science Translation Conference (ABREAST Conference 2023), Perth, Australia, 10 November 2023.
Proceedings 2023, 93(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023093022
Published: 16 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Australian Breastfeeding + Lactation Research and Science Translation Conference 2023)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Diet is a key factor that shapes the gut microbiome. Maternal diet has been proposed as a potential modulator of the human milk microbiome. However, the effect of diet during lactation on the maternal microbiota remains unclear. This study, therefore, set out to determine the effect of a two-week reduced fat and sugar and increased fibre maternal dietary intervention on the maternal faecal and milk microbiota. Faecal swabs and human milk samples were collected from mothers (n = 11) immediately pre-intervention, immediately post-intervention, and 4- and 8-weeks post-intervention, and were analysed using full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The maternal macronutrient intake was assessed across one week prior to the intervention using 24 h dietary recall and during the intervention using FoodWorks 10 Software. The maternal fat and sugar intake significantly decreased from pre-intervention (fat: 120.9 ± 39.4 g; sugar: 114.1 ± 40.9 g) to the first (fat: 52.9 ± 4.3 g, p < 0.001; sugar: 83.2 ± 5.1 g, p = 0.005) and second week of the intervention (fat: 52.3 ± 6.2 g, p < 0.001; sugar: 82.7 ± 6.5 g, p = 0.005). The dietary fibre intake significantly increased from pre-intervention (28.8 ± 8.3 g) to the first week of the intervention (34.6 ± 2.8 g, p = 0.012) but was not different in the second week of the intervention compared to pre-intervention. Significant changes in the bacterial composition of maternal faeces were detected after the dietary intervention, with decreases in the relative abundance of Bacteroides caccae and increases in the relative abundance of Faecalibacillus intestinalis. In human milk, a significant increase in Cutibacterium acnes and a decrease in Haemophilus parainfluenzae were detected. Significant differences in maternal faecal and human milk bacterial composition were maintained 4 to 8 weeks after the intervention. This pilot study demonstrates that short-term changes in maternal diet during lactation can alter the maternal faecal and human milk microbiota.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, L.F.S., D.T.G., M.E.W., B.S.M., M.J.N. and M.S.P.; methodology, A.S.S., L.F.S., G.E.L. and Z.G.; software, G.E.L. and A.S.S.; validation, A.S.S.; formal analysis, M.L.T. and A.R.; investigation, A.S.S.; resources, M.S.P.; data curation, M.L.T., A.R. and A.S.S.; writing—original draft preparation, A.S.S.; writing—review and editing, L.F.S., M.E.W., B.S.M., M.J.N., G.E.L., Z.G., M.L.T., A.R., D.T.G. and M.S.P.; visualisation, A.S.S.; supervision, L.F.S., D.T.G., M.E.W., B.S.M., M.J.N. and M.S.P.; project administration, L.F.S., D.T.G. and M.S.P.; funding acquisition, D.T.G. and M.S.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

L.F.S., Z.G., and D.T.G. are supported by an unrestricted research grant from Medela AG (Switzerland), administered by The University of Western Australia. Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia provides a Ph.D. scholarship for A.S.S. M.S.P. is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Ideas grant (APP #2010530). The funding bodies had no role in the design of the study, collection/analysis/interpretation of data, writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Institutional Review Board Statement

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by The University of Western Australia Human Research Ethics Committee (RA/4/20/4953), and registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12619000606189).

Informed Consent Statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Data Availability Statement

Data described in the manuscript are freely available without restriction at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA898341 accessed on 4 November 2022. All raw sequencing data have been deposited on NCBI’s Sequence Read Archive (accession number: PRJNA898341).

Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge Kirsty O’Hehir for assistance with study recruitment and the implementation of the dietary intervention. We also would like to thank Ching Tat Lai for his help with statistical analysis.

Conflicts of Interest

D.T.G. declares participation in the Scientific Advisory Board of Medela AG. L.F.S., Z.G., and D.T.G. are supported by an unrestricted research grant from Medela AG, administered by The University of Western Australia. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sindi, A.S.; Stinson, L.F.; Gridneva, Z.; Leghi, G.E.; Netting, M.J.; Wlodek, M.E.; Muhlhausler, B.S.; Rea, A.; Trevenen, M.L.; Geddes, D.T.; et al. Maternal Dietary Intervention during Lactation Impacts the Maternal Faecal and Human Milk Microbiota. Proceedings 2023, 93, 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023093022

AMA Style

Sindi AS, Stinson LF, Gridneva Z, Leghi GE, Netting MJ, Wlodek ME, Muhlhausler BS, Rea A, Trevenen ML, Geddes DT, et al. Maternal Dietary Intervention during Lactation Impacts the Maternal Faecal and Human Milk Microbiota. Proceedings. 2023; 93(1):22. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023093022

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sindi, Azhar S., Lisa F. Stinson, Zoya Gridneva, Gabriela E. Leghi, Merryn J. Netting, Mary E. Wlodek, Beverly S. Muhlhausler, Alethea Rea, Michelle L. Trevenen, Donna T. Geddes, and et al. 2023. "Maternal Dietary Intervention during Lactation Impacts the Maternal Faecal and Human Milk Microbiota" Proceedings 93, no. 1: 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023093022

APA Style

Sindi, A. S., Stinson, L. F., Gridneva, Z., Leghi, G. E., Netting, M. J., Wlodek, M. E., Muhlhausler, B. S., Rea, A., Trevenen, M. L., Geddes, D. T., & Payne, M. S. (2023). Maternal Dietary Intervention during Lactation Impacts the Maternal Faecal and Human Milk Microbiota. Proceedings, 93(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023093022

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