Dermato

30 pages, 6230 KiB

Open AccessReview

Stratum Corneum Structure and Function Studied by X-ray Diffraction

by Ichiro Hatta

Dermato 2022, 2(3), 79-108; https://doi.org/10.3390/dermato2030009 - 30 Aug 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3877

X-ray diffraction is one of the powerful tools in the study of a variety of structures in the stratum corneum at the molecular level. Resolving structural modifications during functioning is an important subject for clarifying the mechanism of operating principles in the function. Here, the X-ray diffraction experimental techniques used in the structural study on the stratum corneum are widely and deeply reviewed from a perspective fundamental to the application. Three typical topics obtained from the X-ray diffraction experiments are introduced. The first subject is concerned with the disruption and the recovery of the intercellular lipid structure in the stratum corneum. The second subject is to solve the moisturizing mechanism at the molecular level and the maintenance of normal condition with moisturizer, being studied with special attention to the structure of soft keratin in the corneocytes in the stratum corneum. The third subject is the so-called 500 Da rule in the penetration of drugs or cosmetics into skin, with attention paid to the disordered intercellular lipid structure in the stratum corneum. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants and Skin Health)

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6 pages, 657 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

First Onset of Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris following SARS-CoV-2 Booster Vaccination: Case Report and Review of the Literature

by Thilo Gambichler, Christina H. Scheel, Yousef Arafat, Ekaterina Heinzer, Kathrin Noldes, Zenaida Bulic and Stefanie Boms

Dermato 2022, 2(3), 73-78; https://doi.org/10.3390/dermato2030008 - 7 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6572

Abstract

There is increasing evidence of adverse events associated with the use of COVID-19 vaccines. Here, we report a case of the SARS-CoV-2-vaccination-related onset of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) and provide an analysis of previously reported cases in the medical literature. A 67-year-old male presented with a 1-year history of histopathologically proven PRP that first developed 14 days after receiving a COVID-19 booster vaccination. Skin symptoms improved under ustekinumab medication after unsuccessful previous treatment approaches using systemic corticosteroids, brodalumab, and risankizumab. Among the published cases of post-COVID vaccination PRP, 12 (75%) males and 4 (25%) females were reported. The median age of the reported patients was 59 years. In 10 out of 16 patients (62.5%), PRP was diagnosed after the first vaccine dose, in 4 (25%) after the second dose, and in 2 of 15 patients (12.5%) after the third dose. The median time between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of PRP was 9.5 days (range: 3–60 days). The majority of patients required systemic treatment, including systemic retinoids and methotrexate. PRP might be a rare adverse event after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly affecting older males. Even though most reported patients with COVID-19-vaccination-related PRP could be successfully treated with PRP standard medications, therapy refractory cases may also occur. Thus, clinicians must be aware of this rare but potentially severe complication. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dermato)

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14 pages, 1222 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Trends in the Integrated Management of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

by Piyu Parth Naik

Dermato 2022, 2(3), 59-72; https://doi.org/10.3390/dermato2030007 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3686

Abstract

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide. Important risk factors for cSCC include sun exposure, immunosuppression, pale skin, and aging. White people are more likely to develop cSCC, and men are more affected than women. In advanced cases, surgery and/or radiotherapy are no longer effective. Due to a historical lack of treatment options, some medications have been used in these patients without sufficient recommendation. There is an urgent need to identify patients at an increased risk of recurrence and spread early for timely diagnosis and treatment. Despite extensive data on the high-risk features and prognostication, considerable variation remains globally regarding high-risk cSCC and the delivery of oncology services. The current comprehensive review evaluated and summarized contemporary knowledge of various management options for cSCC to simplify the integrated treatment plans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Review Papers in Dermato)

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Dermato, Volume 2, Issue 3 (September 2022) – 3 articles

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