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ChemEngineering
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2019 HYPOTHESIS XIV
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2019 HYPOTHESIS XIV

A special issue of ChemEngineering (ISSN 2305-7084).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2019) | Viewed by 34288

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Massimiliano Lo Faro

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Guest Editor
Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies (ITAE), The Italian National Research Council (CNR), 98126 Messina, Italy
Interests: smart material; electrocatalysts; protonic conductor; oxygen ion conductor; mixed ionic electronic conductors; ceramics; renewable; energy conversion; energy storage; solid oxide electrochemical devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pietro Staiti

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Guest Editor
Italian National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for advanced energy technologies "Nicola Giordano" (ITAE), Messina, Italy
Interests: conversion of chemical energy (mainly hydrogen) to electricity through the development of materials for low temperature fuel cells; storage of electricity through electrochemical capacitors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Orazio Di Blasi

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Guest Editor
Italian National Research Council (CNR) - Institute for advanced energy technologies "Nicola Giordano" (ITAE), Messina, Italy
Interests: reforming of hydrocarbons; storage of energy through flow batteries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sabrina Campagna Zignani

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Guest Editor
Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies "Nicola Giordano" (ITAE), Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Interests: electrocatalysis; electrolyzers; green hydrogen; non-critical rawmaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to the fourteenth edition of the Hydrogen Power Theoretical and Engineering Solutions International Symposium (HYPOTHESIS XIV). The motto of this edition of HYPOTHESIS is “Smart technologies for green life” and not for nothing ITAIPU has been chosen as venue of this edition. TAIPU is the world's largest hydroelectric generator and a site where many universities are hosted and which are developing technologies based on renewables. We would be honored if you participate with a scientific paper in the ChemEngineering Special Issue devoted to HYPOTHESIS XIV.

Dr. Massimiliano Lo Faro
Dr. Pietro Staiti
Dr. Orazio Di Blasi
Dr. Sabrina Campagna Zignani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. ChemEngineering is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen
  • fuel cell
  • energy system
  • energy policy
  • national programs
  • international programs
  • catalysts, electrocatalysts
  • electrolysis, reforming, membranes, infrastructure, refueling
  • storage, modelling, simulation, nanomaterials
  • safety
  • power to gas

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 4896 KiB  
Article
Obtaining Mn-Co Alloys in AISI 430 Steel from Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling: Application in SOFC Interconnectors
by Sicele L. A. Gonçalves, Eric M. Garcia, Hosane A. Tarôco and Tulio Matencio
ChemEngineering 2020, 4(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4010010 - 5 Feb 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
The recycling of exhausted lithium-ion batteries from mobile phones originate five solutions with different Co and Mn proportions that were used as electrolytic solutions to obtain Mn-Co spinel coatings on the surface of AISI430 stainless steel. The coatings are intended to contain chromium [...] Read more.
The recycling of exhausted lithium-ion batteries from mobile phones originate five solutions with different Co and Mn proportions that were used as electrolytic solutions to obtain Mn-Co spinel coatings on the surface of AISI430 stainless steel. The coatings are intended to contain chromium volatility in the working conditions of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) metallic interconnectors. Potentiostatic electrodeposition was the technique used to obtain Mn-Co coatings from low concentration electrolytes at pH = 3.0 and potential applied −1.3 V. Charge efficiency data were used for sample optimization. Three optimized samples were subjected to oxidation heat treatment at 800 °C for 300 h and then characterized by XRD, SEM and EDS. The results showed that the addition of manganese ions instead of cobalt ions in the electrolytic bath produces more stable and well-distributed deposits as the ratio of the two ions becomes equal in the electrolytic bath. Thin, homogeneous and stable spinel coatings (Mn, Co)3O4 2.8 μm and 3.9 μm thick were able to block chromium volatility when exposed to SOFC operating temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2019 HYPOTHESIS XIV)
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12 pages, 1267 KiB  
Article
Clean Syn-Fuels via Hydrogenation Processes: Acidity–Activity Relationship in O-Xylene Hydrotreating
by Alessandra Palella, Katia Barbera, Francesco Arena and Lorenzo Spadaro
ChemEngineering 2020, 4(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering4010004 - 6 Jan 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3484
Abstract
Transition metal sulfide catalysts are actually the most performing catalytic materials in crude oil hydrotreating (HDT), for energetic purposes. However, these systems suffer from several drawbacks that limit their exploitation. Aiming to meet the even more stringent environmental requirement, through a remarkable improvement [...] Read more.
Transition metal sulfide catalysts are actually the most performing catalytic materials in crude oil hydrotreating (HDT), for energetic purposes. However, these systems suffer from several drawbacks that limit their exploitation. Aiming to meet the even more stringent environmental requirement, through a remarkable improvement of HDT performance in the presence of refractory feedstock (i.e., in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability), a deeper knowledge of the structure–activity relationship of catalysts must be achieved. Therefore, in this study, CoMo/γ-Al2O3 and NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were characterized and tested in the o-xylene hydrogenation model reaction, assessing the influence of both support acidity and catalyst acid strength on reaction pathway by employing γ-Al2O3 and Y-Type zeolite as acid reference materials. A clear relationship between concentration and strength of acid sites and the performance of the catalytic materials was established. Cobalt based catalyst (CoMoSx) proves a higher acidic character with respect to Nickel (NiMoSx), prompting isomerization reactions preferentially, also reflecting a greater o-xylene conversion. The different chemical properties of metals also affect the catalytic pathway, leading on the CoMoSx system to the preferential formation of p-xylene isomer with respect to m-xylene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2019 HYPOTHESIS XIV)
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11 pages, 1695 KiB  
Article
Clean Hydrogen and Ammonia Synthesis in Paraguay from the Itaipu 14 GW Hydroelectric Plant
by Massimo Rivarolo, Gustavo Riveros-Godoy, Loredana Magistri and Aristide F. Massardo
ChemEngineering 2019, 3(4), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3040087 - 1 Nov 2019
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 23712
Abstract
This paper aims at investigating clean hydrogen production from the large size (14 GW) hydroelectric power plant of Itaipu, located on the border between Paraguay and Brazil, the two countries that own and manage the plant. The hydrogen, produced by a water electrolysis [...] Read more.
This paper aims at investigating clean hydrogen production from the large size (14 GW) hydroelectric power plant of Itaipu, located on the border between Paraguay and Brazil, the two countries that own and manage the plant. The hydrogen, produced by a water electrolysis process, is converted into ammonia through the well-known Haber-Bosch process. Hydraulic energy is employed to produce H2 and N2, respectively, from a large-scale electrolysis system and an air separation unit. An economic feasibility analysis is performed considering the low electrical energy price in this specific scenario and that Paraguay has strong excess of renewable electrical energy but presents a low penetration of electricity. The proposal is an alternative to increase the use of electricity in the country. Different plant sizes were investigated and, for each of them, ammonia production costs were determined and considered as a term of comparison with traditional ammonia synthesis plants, where H2 is produced from methane steam reforming and then purified. The study was performed employing a software developed by the authors’ research group at the University of Genoa. Finally, an energetic, environmental, and economic comparison with the standard production method from methane is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2019 HYPOTHESIS XIV)
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20 pages, 1988 KiB  
Article
An Engineering Toolbox for the Evaluation of Metallic Flow Field Plates
by Uwe Reimer, Dieter Froning, Gert Nelissen, Leonard F. J. M. Raymakers, Shidong Zhang, Steven B. Beale and Werner Lehnert
ChemEngineering 2019, 3(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3040085 - 11 Oct 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3752
Abstract
Metallic flow field plates, also called bipolar plates, are an important component of fuel cell stacks, electrolyzers, hydrogen purification and compression stacks. The manufacturing of these plates by means of stamping or hydroforming is highly suitable for mass production. In this work, a [...] Read more.
Metallic flow field plates, also called bipolar plates, are an important component of fuel cell stacks, electrolyzers, hydrogen purification and compression stacks. The manufacturing of these plates by means of stamping or hydroforming is highly suitable for mass production. In this work, a toolbox is created that is suitable for a screening process of different flow field design variants. For this purpose, the geometry and computational mesh are generated in an automated manner. Basic building blocks are combined using the open source software SALOME, and these allow for the construction of a large variant of serpentine-like flow field structures. These geometric variants are evaluated through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with the open source software OpenFOAM. The overall procedure allows for the screening of more than 100 variants within one week using a standard desktop computer. The performance of the flow fields is evaluated on the basis of two parameters: the overall pressure difference across the plate and the relative difference of the hydrogen concentration at the outlet of the channels. The results of such a screening first provide information about optimum channel geometry and the best choice of the general flow field layout. Such results are important at the beginning of the design process, as the channel geometry has an influence on the selection of the metal for deep drawing or hydroforming processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2019 HYPOTHESIS XIV)
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