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ChemEngineering
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Advances in Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesis for Fuel and Chemical Production...
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Advances in Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesis for Fuel and Chemical Production Processes

A special issue of ChemEngineering (ISSN 2305-7084).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (26 July 2024) | Viewed by 8687

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kirtika Kohli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
Interests: hydrotreating and hydrocracking catalysts; thermochemical conversions; renewable fuels and chemicals; extraction-based technologies; desulfurization; dearomatization
Dr. Ravindra Prajapati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Illinois Sustaianble Technology Centre, University of Illinois Uraban-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
Interests: slurry-phase hydrocracking; catalytic hydrotreating; dispersed catalysts; plastic wastes; CO2 to chemicals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite original research or review articles to a Special Issue of ChemEngineering entitled “Advances in Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesis for Fuel and Chemical Production Processes”. Catalytic hydrotreatment is an essential refining step in producing fuels and chemicals in petroleum-based refineries. It also plays a crucial role in the development of biomass-based refineries, as hydrotreatment reactions are commonly utilized to limit the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, aromatics, and olefins. The efficiency and acceptability of any fuel produced from either fossil or renewable sources depends on the level of heteroatoms contaminants within it. The hydrotreating reaction can convert bulk fuels to high-calorie and environmentally acceptable ones. Therefore, the cost of the hydrotreating reaction makes a difference when considering the overall process. Industrialists and refiners need better, cost-efficient catalysts with the highest possible activity to obtain the desired boost in performance and minimize the operating cost.

Traditionally, supported metal catalysts, either alumina or silica-based catalysts, are used for the hydrotreating and hydrocracking processes. However, these suffer from severe catalyst deactivation due to coke formation and metal deposition in the pores. Dispersed metal catalysts, mainly metal sulfides, show promising results compared to supported metal catalysts due to their small-sized nanoparticles. These catalysts have high active site exposure tolerance and low diffusion resistance to large-molecule hydrocarbons. These characteristics help limit coke formation and promote high conversion rates. However, these catalysts’ performance is greatly dependent on the structure of their precursors, and they are also costly. Therefore, designing low-cost precursors with suitable structures is desirable for effective hydrotreating and hydrocracking industrial applications.

This Special Issue aims to encourage researchers to address recent progress in hydrotreating catalysts’ (supported and unsupported) formulation, characterizations, and reaction pathways for the fuel and chemical production processes. The submissions of studies on advanced synthesis methods and characterization techniques is highly encouraged.

Dr. Kirtika Kohli
Dr. Ravindra Prajapati
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. ChemEngineering is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • catalytic hydrotreatment
  • heterogeneous catalysis
  • catalytic hydrocracking
  • catalyst deactivation
  • catalyst characterization
  • dispersed catalysts
  • renewable fuels
  • renewable chemicals

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3532 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Liquid Holdup in a Co-Current Gas–Liquid Upflow Moving Packed Bed Reactor with Porous Catalyst Using Gamma-Ray Densitometry
by Ali Toukan, Ahmed Jasim, Vineet Alexander, Hamza AlBazzaz and Muthanna Al-Dahhan
ChemEngineering 2024, 8(3), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8030054 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 1230
Abstract
This study explores the dynamics of liquid holdup in a lab-scale co-current two-phase upflow moving packed bed reactor, specifically examining how superficial gas velocity influences the line average external liquid holdup at a fixed superficial liquid velocity. Utilizing gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) for precise [...] Read more.
This study explores the dynamics of liquid holdup in a lab-scale co-current two-phase upflow moving packed bed reactor, specifically examining how superficial gas velocity influences the line average external liquid holdup at a fixed superficial liquid velocity. Utilizing gamma-ray densitometry (GRD) for precise measurements, this research extends to determining line average internal porosity within catalyst particles. Conducted with an air–water system within a bed packed with 3 mm porous particles, the study presents a novel methodology using Beer–Lambert’s law to calculate liquid, gas, and solid holdups and catalyst porosity that is equivalent to the internal liquid holdup that fills the catalyst pores. Findings reveal a decrease in liquid holdup corresponding with increased superficial gas velocity across axial and radial locations, with a notable transition from bubbly to pulse flow regime at a critical velocity of 3.8 cm/sec. Additionally, the lower sections of the packed bed exhibited higher external liquid holdup compared to the middle sections at varied gas velocities. The liquid holdup distribution appeared uniform at lower flow rates, whereas higher flow rates favored the middle sections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesis for Fuel and Chemical Production Processes)
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9 pages, 882 KiB  
Communication
Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Mexican Sargassum Seaweed—An Analysis of Hydrocarbon Fractions and Elemental Composition
by Michael J. Allen and Matthew Pearce
ChemEngineering 2024, 8(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8020029 - 4 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1917
Abstract
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is often mooted as a promising and sustainable processing methodology for converting biomass into usable products, including bio-oils, which can potentially alleviate humanity’s reliance on fossil fuels. To date, most HTL development work with novel biomasses has been undertaken at [...] Read more.
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is often mooted as a promising and sustainable processing methodology for converting biomass into usable products, including bio-oils, which can potentially alleviate humanity’s reliance on fossil fuels. To date, most HTL development work with novel biomasses has been undertaken at the laboratory scale in batch processes, and the results have been extrapolated to the theoretical continuous flow processes required for industrial uptake. Here, we assess the use of a novel continuous flow HTL system, applying it to Sargassum (seaweed) material and generating a bio-oil, which is assessed against typical crude oil fractions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesis for Fuel and Chemical Production Processes)
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Review

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31 pages, 1445 KiB  
Review
An Overview of Hydrogen Energy Generation
by Gaydaa AlZohbi
ChemEngineering 2024, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering8010017 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4757
Abstract
The global issue of climate change caused by humans and its inextricable linkage to our present and future energy demand presents the biggest challenge facing our globe. Hydrogen has been introduced as a new renewable energy resource. It is envisaged to be a [...] Read more.
The global issue of climate change caused by humans and its inextricable linkage to our present and future energy demand presents the biggest challenge facing our globe. Hydrogen has been introduced as a new renewable energy resource. It is envisaged to be a crucial vector in the vast low-carbon transition to mitigate climate change, minimize oil reliance, reinforce energy security, solve the intermittency of renewable energy resources, and ameliorate energy performance in the transportation sector by using it in energy storage, energy generation, and transport sectors. Many technologies have been developed to generate hydrogen. The current paper presents a review of the current and developing technologies to produce hydrogen from fossil fuels and alternative resources like water and biomass. The results showed that reformation and gasification are the most mature and used technologies. However, the weaknesses of these technologies include high energy consumption and high carbon emissions. Thermochemical water splitting, biohydrogen, and photo-electrolysis are long-term and clean technologies, but they require more technical development and cost reduction to implement reformation technologies efficiently and on a large scale. A combination of water electrolysis with renewable energy resources is an ecofriendly method. Since hydrogen is viewed as a considerable game-changer for future fuels, this paper also highlights the challenges facing hydrogen generation. Moreover, an economic analysis of the technologies used to generate hydrogen is carried out in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Hydrotreating Catalyst Synthesis for Fuel and Chemical Production Processes)
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