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Animals
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The Impact of Microbiome on the Reproductive Tract of Livestock
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The Impact of Microbiome on the Reproductive Tract of Livestock

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Reproduction".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 9738

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jenny L. Sones

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Equine Reproduction Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
Interests: comparative pregnancy physiology; preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction; equine placentitis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

For many years, there has been a dogma that specific body sites are sterile. With the launch of the human microbiome project in 2007, this dogma has been challenged by many. The microbiome consists of microorganisms and their genome within a specific community, which includes discrete areas of the body. Emerging data in other species, including livestock, supports the presence of a microbiome in once thought sterile organs, such as the uterus. Techniques using novel metagenetic analyses have permitted investigation into the interaction between resident bacterial communities and their host in both cattle and horses. The possible identification of bacterial targets that may be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes has the potential to revolutionize livestock reproductive management.

Dr. Jenny L. Sones
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microbiome
  • horse
  • cattle
  • female and male reproductive tract
  • iterus
  • vagina

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2713 KiB  
Article
Interrogating the Diversity of Vaginal, Endometrial, and Fecal Microbiomes in Healthy and Metritis Dairy Cattle
by Taurai Tasara, Anja Barbara Meier, Joseph Wambui, Ronan Whiston, Marc Stevens, Aspinas Chapwanya and Ulrich Bleul
Animals 2023, 13(7), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13071221 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2893
Abstract
The bovine genital tract harbors a dynamic microbiome. Genital tract microbial communities in healthy animals have been characterized using next-generation sequencing methods showing that microbe compositions differ between the vagina and uterus, more so during the postpartum period. Pre-calving fecal and vaginal, and [...] Read more.
The bovine genital tract harbors a dynamic microbiome. Genital tract microbial communities in healthy animals have been characterized using next-generation sequencing methods showing that microbe compositions differ between the vagina and uterus, more so during the postpartum period. Pre-calving fecal and vaginal, and endometrial swabs at the different postpartum intervals were collected from dairy cows. Microbiomes in these samples were determined based on bacterial 16S amplicon sequencing and compared between healthy (H; n = 10) control animals and cows that developed metritis (M; n = 10) within 21 days postpartum (DPP). Compared to healthy animals the pre-calving fecal and vaginal microbiomes of metritis animals were more abundant in sequences from the phylum Fusobacteria and the bacterial genera such as Escherichia-Shigella and Histophilus. In addition, compared to healthy animals, metritis cows harboured low microbial species diversity in the endometrium, as well as decreasing Proteobacteria and increasing Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes abundances. The greatest taxonomic compositional deviations in endometrial microbial communities between the metritis and health cows were detected between 7 and 10 DPP. There was high taxonomic similarity detected between postpartum endometrial microbiomes and the prepartum vaginal and fecal microbiomes suggesting that colonization through bacteria ascending from the rectum and vagina to the uterine cavity might play a major role in establishing the endometrial microbiome postpartum. A deeper understanding of the establishment and dynamics of postpartum endometrial microbial communities in cows will thus provide crucial basic knowledge to guide the development of genital microbiome manipulation strategies for preventing uterine disease and improving fertility in dairy cows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Microbiome on the Reproductive Tract of Livestock)
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13 pages, 3027 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Fecal Microbiota Communities between Primiparous and Multiparous Cows during Non-Pregnancy and Pregnancy
by Xianbo Jia, Yang He, Zhe Kang, Shiyi Chen, Wenqiang Sun, Jie Wang and Songjia Lai
Animals 2023, 13(5), 869; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050869 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2321
Abstract
Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition may lead to several reproductive disorders and diseases during pregnancy. This study investigates the fecal microbiome composition between primiparous and multiparous cows during non-pregnancy and pregnancy to analyze the host-microbial balance at different stages. The fecal samples [...] Read more.
Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition may lead to several reproductive disorders and diseases during pregnancy. This study investigates the fecal microbiome composition between primiparous and multiparous cows during non-pregnancy and pregnancy to analyze the host-microbial balance at different stages. The fecal samples obtained from six cows before their first pregnancy (BG), six cows during their first pregnancy (FT), six open cows with more than three lactations (DCNP), and six pregnant cows with more than three lactations (DCP) were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing, and a differential analysis of the fecal microbiota composition was performed. The three most abundant phyla in fecal microbiota were Firmicutes (48.68%), Bacteroidetes (34.45%), and Euryarchaeota (15.42%). There are 11 genera with more than 1.0% abundance at the genus level. Both alpha diversity and beta diversity showed significant differences among the four groups (p < 0.05). Further, primiparous women were associated with a profound alteration of the fecal microbiota. The most representative taxa included Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG_003, Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Methanobrevibacter, and [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group, which were associated with energy metabolism and inflammation. The findings indicate that host-microbial interactions promote adaptation to pregnancy and will benefit the development of probiotics or fecal transplantation for treating dysbiosis and preventing disease development during pregnancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Microbiome on the Reproductive Tract of Livestock)
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Review

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19 pages, 375 KiB  
Review
Reproductive Microbiomes in Domestic Livestock: Insights Utilizing 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Community Sequencing
by Rebecca K. Poole, Dallas R. Soffa, Brooke E. McAnally, Molly S. Smith, Kyle J. Hickman-Brown and Erin L. Stockland
Animals 2023, 13(3), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13030485 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3791
Abstract
Advancements in 16S rRNA gene amplicon community sequencing have vastly expanded our understanding of the reproductive microbiome and its role in fertility. In humans, Lactobacillus is the overwhelmingly dominant bacteria within reproductive tissues and is known to be commensal and an indicator of [...] Read more.
Advancements in 16S rRNA gene amplicon community sequencing have vastly expanded our understanding of the reproductive microbiome and its role in fertility. In humans, Lactobacillus is the overwhelmingly dominant bacteria within reproductive tissues and is known to be commensal and an indicator of fertility in women and men. It is also known that Lactobacillus is not as largely abundant in the reproductive tissues of domestic livestock species. Thus, the objective of this review is to summarize the research to date on both female and male reproductive microbiomes in domestic livestock species (i.e., dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, small ruminants, and horses). Having a comprehensive understanding of reproductive microbiota and its role in modulating physiological functions will aid in the development of management and therapeutic strategies to improve reproductive efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Impact of Microbiome on the Reproductive Tract of Livestock)
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