Antibiotics

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7 pages, 464 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Distinct Effectiveness of Oritavancin against Tolerance-Induced Staphylococcus aureus

by Andrew D. Berti, Lauren T. Harven and Victoria Bingley

Antibiotics 2020, 9(11), 789; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110789 - 8 Nov 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2315

Abstract

Within a sufficiently large bacterial population, some members will naturally adopt an alternate, metabolically-active state that favors small molecule synthesis over cell division. These isogenic “tolerant” subpopulations have variable responses during antibiotic exposure and can remain viable in the presence of typically bactericidal [...] Read more.

Within a sufficiently large bacterial population, some members will naturally adopt an alternate, metabolically-active state that favors small molecule synthesis over cell division. These isogenic “tolerant” subpopulations have variable responses during antibiotic exposure and can remain viable in the presence of typically bactericidal concentrations. In this study, we determine the ability of typical and atypical antistaphylococcal therapies to reduce the viability of mupirocin-induced tolerant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Overall, tolerance-induced staphylococci exhibited a markedly decreased rate and extent of killing following antibiotic exposure. However, oritavancin remained effective at maintaining a similar extent of killing. Further studies to investigate the role of oritavancin against recurrent or relapse staphylococcal infection are warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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12 pages, 1143 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dalbavancin, Vancomycin and Daptomycin Alone and in Combination with Cefazolin against Resistant Phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus in a Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model

by Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir, Razieh Kebriaei, Kyle C. Stamper, Zain Sheikh, Philip T. Maassen, Katherine L. Lev and Michael J. Rybak

Antibiotics 2020, 9(10), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100696 - 14 Oct 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4201

Abstract

The most efficacious antimicrobial therapy to aid in the successful elimination of resistant S. aureus infections is unknown. In this study, we evaluated varying phenotypes of S. aureus against dalbavancin (DAL), vancomycin (VAN), and daptomycin (DAP) alone and in combination with cefazolin (CFZ). [...] Read more.

The most efficacious antimicrobial therapy to aid in the successful elimination of resistant S. aureus infections is unknown. In this study, we evaluated varying phenotypes of S. aureus against dalbavancin (DAL), vancomycin (VAN), and daptomycin (DAP) alone and in combination with cefazolin (CFZ). The objective of this study was to observe whether there was a therapeutic improvement in adding a beta-lactam to a glycopeptide, lipopeptide, or a lipoglycopeptide. We completed a series of in vitro tests including minimum inhibitory concentration testing (MIC) of the antimicrobials in combination, time-kill analysis (TKA), and a 168 h (7-day) one-compartment pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model on two daptomycin non-susceptible (DNS), vancomycin intermediate S. aureus strains (VISA), D712 and 6913. Results from our MIC testing demonstrated a minimum 2-fold and a maximum 32-fold reduction in MIC values for DAL, VAN, and DAP in combination with CFZ, in contrast to either agent used alone. The TKAs completed on four strains paralleled the enhanced activity demonstrated via the combination MICs. In the one-compartment PK/PD models, the combination of DAP plus CFZ or VAN plus CFZ resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) improvement in bactericidal activity and overall reduction in CFU/ml over the 7-day period. While the addition of CFZ to DAL improved time to bactericidal activity, DAL alone demonstrated equal and more sustained overall activity compared to all other treatments. The use of DAL alone, with or without CFZ and the combinations of VAN or DAP with CFZ appear to result in increased bactericidal activity against various recalcitrant S. aureus phenotypes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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16 pages, 901 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acquisition Risk Factors of the SCCmec IX-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Swine Production Personnel in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand

by Peerapat Rongsanam, Terdsak Yano, Wuttipong Yokart, Panuwat Yamsakul, Suweera Sutammeng, Ratchadaporn Udpaun, Duangporn Pichpol, Decha Tamdee and Usanee Anukool

Antibiotics 2020, 9(10), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100651 - 29 Sep 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3134

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harboring the type-IX staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) has been found in pigs and humans in Northern Thailand. However, knowledge of the prevalence and acquisition risk factors of this MRSA strain among swine production personnel (SPP) are [...] Read more.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) harboring the type-IX staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) has been found in pigs and humans in Northern Thailand. However, knowledge of the prevalence and acquisition risk factors of this MRSA strain among swine production personnel (SPP) are needed. The nasal swab samples and data were collected from 202 voluntary SPP and 31 swine farms in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand in 2017. MRSA were screened and identified using mannitol salt agar, biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multiplex PCR, and the SCCmec typing. The prevalence of MRSA was 7.9% (16/202) and 19.3% (6/31) among SPP and swine farms. All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 55 of 59 isolates (93%) contained the type-IX SCCmec element. Data analysis indicated that education, working time, contact frequency, working solely with swine production, and personal hygiene were significantly related to MRSA acquisition (p < 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that pig farming experience, working days, and showering were good predictors for MRSA carriage among SPP (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.84). The biosecurity protocols and tetracycline use were significantly associated with MRSA detection in pig farms (p < 0.05). Hence, the active surveillance of MRSA and further development of local/national intervention for MRSA control are essential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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15 pages, 1353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Human, Chicken and Environmental Samples within Live Bird Markets in Three Nigerian Cities

by Flora Olubunmi Ogundipe, Olufemi Ernest Ojo, Andrea T. Feßler, Dennis Hanke, Olajoju Jokotola Awoyomi, David Ajiboye Ojo, Aderonke Kofoworola Akintokun, Stefan Schwarz and Sven Maurischat

Antibiotics 2020, 9(9), 588; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090588 - 8 Sep 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3927

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major threat to public health. This study investigated the occurrence of MRSA in humans, chickens, chicken meat and environmental samples within poultry farms and live bird markets in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: MRSA were isolated [...] Read more.

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major threat to public health. This study investigated the occurrence of MRSA in humans, chickens, chicken meat and environmental samples within poultry farms and live bird markets in southwestern Nigeria. Methods: MRSA were isolated using selective culture and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution. Selected isolates were characterized by whole genome sequencing (WGS). From WGS data, spa, dru, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and SCCmec types, but also virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, were identified. Results: Fifty-six MRSA isolates were detected in 734 samples. They showed resistance to β-lactams (100%), tetracycline (60.7%), ciprofloxacin (33.9%), erythromycin (28.6%), gentamicin (32.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (10.7%). All 30 isolates investigated by WGS carried mecA, dfrG, and tet(38) genes. Other resistance genes detected were blaZ (83.3%), fosB (73.3%), tet(K) (60.0%), aacA-aphD (36.6%), aphA3 (33.3%), msr(A) (30.0%), mph(C) (30.0%), dfrS1 (3.3%), and sat4 (3.3%). Seven spa types (t091, t314, t657, t1476, t2331, t4690 and t12236), four known (dt9aw, dt10ao, dt10cj, and dt11a) and two novel (dt10dr and dt11dw) dru types, as well as five sequence types (ST8, ST121, ST152, ST772 and ST789) were found among the MRSA isolates. All ST121 isolates carried an SCCmec type IV cassette and were not dru-typeable. ST152 and ST121 were found only in specific sample categories within defined locations, while ST8 and ST772 were distributed across most sample categories and locations. Three SCCmec types, IVa, V and Vc, were identified. All MRSA isolates possessed virulence genes including aur, clpP, coa, fnbA, esaA, hly, hla, ica, isdA, srtB, sspA, and vWbp, among others. The toxic shock syndrome toxin gene (tst) was not detected in any isolate, whereas the Pantone–Valentine leukocidin genes lukF-PV/lukS-PV were present in all ST121, all ST772, and all but one ST152 isolates. Conclusion: The results of this study (i) showed that chicken meat is contaminated by MRSA and (ii) suggested that live bird markets may serve as focal points for the dissemination of MRSA within the community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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11 pages, 3129 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rapid Antibacterial Activity of Cannabichromenic Acid against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

by Maria Galletta, Tristan A. Reekie, Gayathri Nagalingam, Amy L. Bottomley, Elizabeth J. Harry, Michael Kassiou and James A. Triccas

Antibiotics 2020, 9(8), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080523 - 16 Aug 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7749

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has proven to be an imminent threat to public health, intensifying the need for novel therapeutics. Previous evidence suggests that cannabinoids harbour potent antibacterial activity. In this study, a group of previously inaccessible phytocannabinoids and synthetic analogues were examined [...] Read more.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has proven to be an imminent threat to public health, intensifying the need for novel therapeutics. Previous evidence suggests that cannabinoids harbour potent antibacterial activity. In this study, a group of previously inaccessible phytocannabinoids and synthetic analogues were examined for potential antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and dynamics of bacterial inhibition, determined through resazurin reduction and time-kill assays, revealed the potent antibacterial activity of the phytocannabinoids against gram-positive antibiotic-resistant bacterial species, including MRSA. One phytocannabinoid, cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), demonstrated faster and more potent bactericidal activity than vancomycin, the currently recommended antibiotic for the treatment of MRSA infections. Such bactericidal activity was sustained against low-and high-dose inoculums as well as exponential- and stationary-phase MRSA cells. Further, mammalian cell viability was maintained in the presence of CBCA. Finally, microscopic evaluation suggests that CBCA may function through the degradation of the bacterial lipid membrane and alteration of the bacterial nucleoid. The results of the current study provide encouraging evidence that cannabinoids may serve as a previously unrecognised resource for the generation of novel antibiotics active against MRSA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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13 pages, 488 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synergy of Linezolid with Several Antimicrobial Agents against Linezolid-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Strains

by María-José Valderrama, María Alfaro, Icíar Rodríguez-Avial, Elvira Baos, Carmen Rodríguez-Avial and Esther Culebras

Antibiotics 2020, 9(8), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080496 - 9 Aug 2020

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5811

Abstract

Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolydinone active against multi-resistant Gram-positive cocci that inhibits proteins synthesis by interacting with the 50S ribosomal subunit. Although linezolid-resistant strains are infrequent, several outbreaks have been recently described, associated with prolonged treatment with the antibiotic. As an alternative to [...] Read more.

Linezolid is a synthetic oxazolydinone active against multi-resistant Gram-positive cocci that inhibits proteins synthesis by interacting with the 50S ribosomal subunit. Although linezolid-resistant strains are infrequent, several outbreaks have been recently described, associated with prolonged treatment with the antibiotic. As an alternative to monotherapy, the combination of different antibiotics is a commonly used option to prevent the selection of resistant strains. In this work, we evaluated combinations of linezolid with classic and new aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin and plazomicin), carbapenems (doripenem, imipenem and meropenem) and fosfomycin on several linezolid- and methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, isolated in a hospital intensive care unit in Madrid, Spain. Using checkerboard and time-kill assays, interesting synergistic effects were encountered for the combination of linezolid with imipenem in all the staphylococcal strains, and for linezolid–doripenem in S.epidermidis isolates. The combination of plazomicin seemed to also have a good synergistic or partially synergistic activity against most of the isolates. None of the combinations assayed showed an antagonistic effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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11 pages, 2416 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Synergy of Pongamia pinnata Extract in Combination with Antibiotics for Inhibiting and Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

by Po-An Su, Shun-Lai Li, Hung-Jen Tang, Chi-Chung Chen, Ying-Chen Lu, Kuo-Chen Cheng, Yi-Chung Lin, Yin-Ching Chuang and Chih-Cheng Lai

Antibiotics 2020, 9(3), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9030103 - 29 Feb 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2896

Abstract

Aims: Currently, we face the serious problem of multiple drug-resistant pathogens. The development of new antimicrobial agents is very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants as a source of alternative antibiotics or for enhancing antibiotic effectiveness is important. Methods: The [...] Read more.

Aims: Currently, we face the serious problem of multiple drug-resistant pathogens. The development of new antimicrobial agents is very costly and time-consuming. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants as a source of alternative antibiotics or for enhancing antibiotic effectiveness is important. Methods: The antibacterial effects of aqueous extracts of the seed coat of Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Pierre in combination with several antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were tested by broth dilution, checkerboard, and time-kill methods. Results: For the combinations of P. pinnata with ampicillin, meropenem, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefpirome, and cefuroxime, 70% to 100% were synergistic, with a fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index of < 0.5. For the time-kill method with 0.5× minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of P. pinnata in combination with 8, 4, 2, and 1 µg mL⁻¹ of the various antibiotics, almost all of the combinations showed synergistic effects, even with the lowest concentrations of P. pinnata, except for aztreonam. No antagonistic effect was observed for these combinations. Conclusions: Based on these findings, aqueous seed coat extracts of P. pinnata have good potential for the design of new antimicrobial agents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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10 pages, 664 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Incidence of Vancomycin Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore

by Aqib Saeed, Fatima Ahsan, Muhammad Nawaz, Khadeja Iqbal, Kashif Ur Rehman and Tayyaba Ijaz

Antibiotics 2020, 9(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010003 - 18 Dec 2019

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6676 | Correction

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-associated infections are one of the major threats to public health. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern as well as the genetic characterization of methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) [...] Read more.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-associated infections are one of the major threats to public health. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern as well as the genetic characterization of methicillin and vancomycin resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. The S. aureus isolates were isolated from different clinical samples, identified by biochemical testing, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing via the disc diffusion method or broth microdilution method. The methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and vancomycin resistance gene (vanA) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. The S. aureus isolates showed high incidences of resistance against methicillin (76%) and moderate incidences of resistance to vancomycin (14%). Isolates were also resistant to several other drugs, such as cefoxitin (76%), ertapenem (83%), ampicillin (81%), tobramycin (78%), moxifloxacin (76%), and tetracycline (74%). An encouraging finding was that 98% of isolates were susceptible to tigecycline, indicating its possible role in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and VRSA, as well as the multi-drug resistant S. aureus. The mecA gene was detected in 33.3% of tested isolates (10/30), while the vanA gene was also detected in 30% (9/30) of the tested isolates. In conclusion, the frequent presence of methicillin and vancomycin resistance in S. aureus appraises the cautious use of these antibiotics in clinical practices. Furthermore, it is suggested that there should be continuous monitoring of tigecycline treatments in clinical setups in order to delay the development of resistance against it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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7 pages, 875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reduced Production of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles Predicts Mortality in ST45/USA600 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia

by Somrita Dey, Smitha Gudipati, Christopher Giuliano, Marcus J. Zervos, Jonathan M. Monk, Richard Szubin, Sarah C. J. Jorgensen, George Sakoulas and Andrew D. Berti

Antibiotics 2020, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9010002 - 18 Dec 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3350

Abstract

Immune biomarkers can stratify mortality risk in staphylococcal bacteremia. Microbial biomarkers may provide more consistent signals during early infection. We demonstrate that in ST45/USA600 bacteremia, bacterial membrane vesicle production in vitro predicts clinical mortality (773 vs. 116 RFU, survivors vs. decedents, p < [...] Read more.

Immune biomarkers can stratify mortality risk in staphylococcal bacteremia. Microbial biomarkers may provide more consistent signals during early infection. We demonstrate that in ST45/USA600 bacteremia, bacterial membrane vesicle production in vitro predicts clinical mortality (773 vs. 116 RFU, survivors vs. decedents, p < 0.0001). Using a threshold of 301 relative fluorescence units (RFU), the sensitivity and specificity of the membrane vesicles to predict mortality are 78% and 90%, respectively. This platform is facile, scalable and can be integrated into clinical microbiology lab workflows. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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Review

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21 pages, 337 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Evolving Reduction of Vancomycin and Daptomycin Susceptibility in MRSA—Salvaging the Gold Standards with Combination Therapy

by Taylor Morrisette, Sara Alosaimy, Jacinda C. Abdul-Mutakabbir, Razieh Kebriaei and Michael J. Rybak

Antibiotics 2020, 9(11), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9110762 - 30 Oct 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5355

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Vancomycin (VAN) has been used as the gold standard treatment for invasive MRSA infections for decades but, unfortunately, the reliance of VAN as the primary treatment option against these infections has led [...] Read more.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Vancomycin (VAN) has been used as the gold standard treatment for invasive MRSA infections for decades but, unfortunately, the reliance of VAN as the primary treatment option against these infections has led to a reduction in VAN susceptibility in MRSA isolates. Although daptomycin (DAP) is another common treatment option against invasive MRSA infections, it has been shown that the development of VAN resistance can lead to DAP nonsusceptibility. VAN or DAP backbone regimens in combination with other antibiotics has been advocated as an alternative approach to improve patient outcomes in VAN/DAP-susceptible infections, enhance outcomes in infections caused by isolates with reduced VAN/DAP susceptibility, and/or prevent the emergence of VAN/DAP resistance or further resistance. A peer-reviewed literature search was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. The primary purpose of this review is to describe the mechanisms and epidemiology of MRSA isolates with a reduction in VAN and/or DAP susceptibility, evaluate in vitro and in vivo literature describing combination therapy (CT) against MRSA isolates with reduced VAN and/or DAP susceptibility and describe studies involving the clinical outcomes of patients treated with CT against invasive MRSA infections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

11 pages, 783 KiB

Open AccessReview

Intravenous Ceftriaxone Versus Multiple Dosing Regimes of Intravenous Anti-Staphylococcal Antibiotics for Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA): A Systematic Review

by Musaiwale M. Kamfose, Francis G. Muriithi, Thomas Knight, Daniel Lasserson and Gail Hayward

Antibiotics 2020, 9(2), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020039 - 21 Jan 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7978

Abstract

Background: Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a common pathogen associated with a range of clinically important infections. MSSA can cause deep-seated infections requiring prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotic therapy to achieve effective resolution. The move toward ambulatory or outpatient delivery of parenteral antibiotics [...] Read more.

Background: Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is a common pathogen associated with a range of clinically important infections. MSSA can cause deep-seated infections requiring prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotic therapy to achieve effective resolution. The move toward ambulatory or outpatient delivery of parenteral antibiotics has led to an increase in the use of ceftriaxone as a pragmatic first choice given its advantageous single daily dosing schedule. Objective: To compare the efficacy of once daily ceftriaxone in the treatment of infections due to confirmed or suspected MSSA to multiple dosing regimes of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Global Health, PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL for randomised controlled trials as well as prospective and retrospective cohort studies that compared ceftriaxone to any multiple dosing regime of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Outcome measures were the proportion of patients with a resolution of infection based on time after initiation of therapy, adverse reactions, recurrence and duration of hospital admission. Results: We included two randomized controlled trials, one prospective observational study and three retrospective cohort studies (643 participants; 246 children, 397 adults). There was no difference in time to resolution of symptoms. The number of adverse reactions, recurrence of bacteraemia and duration of hospital stay were not significantly different between ceftriaxone and other anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. Conclusions: Based on a small number of low-quality studies, ceftriaxone is as effective as multiple dosing regimes for the treatment of infections due MSSA. An appropriately powered randomized trial is required to demonstrate equivalence and cost effectiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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8 pages, 987 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus bohemicus Encoding a Divergent SCCmecB Element

by Geoffrey Foster and Gavin K. Paterson

Antibiotics 2020, 9(9), 590; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9090590 - 10 Sep 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2630

Abstract

A methicillin-resistant Macrococcus isolate from canine otitis, H889678/16/1, was whole-genome sequenced using HiSeq technology to identify the species, antimicrobial resistance determinates and their genomic context. H889678/16/1 belonged to the newly described species Macrococcus bohemicus. It encoded mecB within a novel SCCmec [...] Read more.

A methicillin-resistant Macrococcus isolate from canine otitis, H889678/16/1, was whole-genome sequenced using HiSeq technology to identify the species, antimicrobial resistance determinates and their genomic context. H889678/16/1 belonged to the newly described species Macrococcus bohemicus. It encoded mecB within a novel SCCmec element most similar to that of Macrococcus canis KM45013^T. This SCCmec_H889678/16/1 element also encoded blaZ_m and fusC, but no other resistance determinates were found in the H889678/16/1 genome. The ccrA and ccrB recombinase genes within SCCmec_H889678/16/1 were distinct from those previously described in staphylococci and macrococci and therefore designated here as ccrAm3 and ccrBm3. Our study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of mecB being encoded by M. bohemicus and of methicillin resistance in this species. Furthermore, the SCCmec described here is highly dissimilar to other such elements and encodes novel ccr genes. Our report demonstrates a wider distribution of mecB among Macrococcus species and expands the genomic context in which mecB may be found. The potential for dissemination of mec genes from Macrococcus to related but more pathogenic Staphylococcus species highlights the need to understand the epidemiology of these genes in macrococci. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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3 pages, 186 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Saeed, A., et al. Incidence of Vancomycin-Resistant Phenotype of the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 3

by Aqib Saeed, Fatima Ahsan, Muhammad Nawaz, Khadeja Iqbal, Kashif Ur Rehman and Tayyaba Ijaz

Antibiotics 2020, 9(2), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9020082 - 13 Feb 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2751

Abstract

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci)

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