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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants
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Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant-Derived Antibiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 34758

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Edyta Makuch

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multidrug resistance has become a huge challenge for healthcare worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of human mortality over the past few years. Bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses have consecutively been developing numerous resistant mechanisms against current antibiotics, hampering the success of anti-infectious therapies, and thus leading to severe consequences for patients’ health. In addition, the use of synthetic chemicals to control microorganisms is still limited due to their carcinogenic effects, acute toxicity, and environmental hazards. Hence, there is an urgent demand for new antibiotics from the scientific community to address multidrug resistance. Therapeutic agents from herbal medicines have long emerged as a potential natural source for treating infectious diseases. Today, many of these compounds have not only been rediscovered but are also the subject of new applications, nanoparticles, activity against microbial biofilms and effects on genomics, and have been discovered for new antifungal or antiviral properties.

Dr. Edyta Makuch
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • new natural antimicrobial compounds and their antimicrobial effects
  • clinical applications
  • animal production and food storage applications
  • antifungal properties
  • antiviral properties
  • antimicrobial mechanisms
  • combination with other antimicrobials
  • effects and possible global changes of the human microbiome
  • new formulations based on essential oils with clinical applications for use in infectious diseases

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2208 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Activity of the Green Tea Polyphenol (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) against Clinical Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae
by Achiraya Siriphap, Anong Kiddee, Acharaporn Duangjai, Atchariya Yosboonruang, Grissana Pook-In, Surasak Saokaew, Orasa Sutheinkul and Anchalee Rawangkan
Antibiotics 2022, 11(4), 518; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040518 - 13 Apr 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3830
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Vibrio cholerae necessitates the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against MDR V. cholerae. First, MIC and MBC values were [...] Read more.
The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Vibrio cholerae necessitates the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against MDR V. cholerae. First, MIC and MBC values were evaluated by broth microdilution techniques against 45 V. cholerae strains. The checkerboard assay was then used to determine the synergistic effect of EGCG and tetracycline. The pharmaceutical mode of action of EGCG was clarified by time-killing kinetics and membrane disruption assay. Our results revealed that all of the 45 clinical isolates were susceptible to EGCG, with MIC and MBC values in the range of 62.5–250 µg/mL and 125–500 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of EGCG and tetracycline was greater than either treatment alone, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.009 and 0.018 in the O1 and O139 representative serotypes, respectively. Time-killing kinetics analysis suggested that EGCG had bactericidal activity for MDR V. cholerae after exposure to at least 62.5 µg/mL EGCG within 1 h. The mode of action of EGCG might be associated with membrane disrupting permeability, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. This is the first indication that EGCG is a viable anti-MDR V. cholerae treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants)
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9 pages, 522 KiB  
Communication
Antibacterial Activity of Solanum torvum Leaf Extract and Its Synergistic Effect with Oxacillin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccoci Isolated from Dogs
by Duangdaow Khunbutsri, Nattakarn Naimon, Khomson Satchasataporn, Natnaree Inthong, Sarawan Kaewmongkol, Samak Sutjarit, Chanokchon Setthawongsin and Nattakan Meekhanon
Antibiotics 2022, 11(3), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030302 - 24 Feb 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2644
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have been considered a veterinary and public health threat that needs to be addressed, as they are known to cause serious infections, with limited therapeutic options. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the potential antibacterial activity of the [...] Read more.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) have been considered a veterinary and public health threat that needs to be addressed, as they are known to cause serious infections, with limited therapeutic options. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine the potential antibacterial activity of the leaf extract of Solanum torvum against MRS isolated from clinically healthy dogs. In total, seven mecA-positive Staphylococcus isolates tested in this study were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and all of them were classified as multidrug-resistant using disk diffusion tests. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, the main phytochemical components found in the leaf extract were hexadecanoic acid and its ethyl ester and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoints for the leaf extract against all tested isolates ranged from 2 to 16 mg/mL, while the MIC breakpoints for oxacillin were from 2 to 512 mg/L. Although varying effects were found, the positive effects of the leaf extract were most evident in combination with oxacillin. These results suggested that S. torvum leaf extract may complement classical antibiotics and may potentially drive the development of an effective therapeutic option for MRS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants)
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16 pages, 4529 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Study on Citrus Oils Antibacterial Activity Measured by Flow Cytometry: A Step-by-Step Development
by Nayeli G. Nieto-Velázquez, Alejandra A. Gomez-Valdez, Marisela González-Ávila, Jaime Sánchez-Navarrete, Julia D. Toscano-Garibay and Nancy J. Ruiz-Pérez
Antibiotics 2021, 10(10), 1218; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101218 - 7 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2479
Abstract
Essential oils of Citrus sinensis and Citrus latifolia have shown biological functions as antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, antifungal and antimutagenic, so the evaluation of their antibacterial capacity, by themselves or in combination with standard antibiotics, presents an alternative for infection treatment. Flow cytometry opens [...] Read more.
Essential oils of Citrus sinensis and Citrus latifolia have shown biological functions as antiseptics, anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, antifungal and antimutagenic, so the evaluation of their antibacterial capacity, by themselves or in combination with standard antibiotics, presents an alternative for infection treatment. Flow cytometry opens the door for the design of faster and more accurate measurement of antibacterial activity. We use a SYTO9/PI staining system on E. coli ATCC 25922 to determine antibacterial activity by counting live and dead cells through flow cytometry. We found that dual staining showed highly variable results due to wavelength overlapping and instead we used fluorochrome individual staining that highly correlated with viable counts. Chloramphenicol and cefotaxime treatments did not present a dose-response behavior, rendered diffuse readings and/or gave filament formation on fluorescence microscopy. Amikacin was a better comparison standard because it presented a dose-response behavior. Essential oils had low antibacterial activity as compared to amikacin, with a maximum of 10% and 20% for C. latifolia and C. sinensis, respectively. Combinations of essential oils with antibiotic resulted in an unforeseen strong inhibition of amikacin activity. Although a low antibacterial activity was found, a series of standardization steps are proposed for antibacterial activity measurement by flow cytometry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants)
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16 pages, 701 KiB  
Article
Biologically Active Extracts from Different Medicinal Plants Tested as Potential Additives against Bee Pathogens
by Claudia Pașca, Ioana Adriana Matei, Zorița Diaconeasa, Ancuța Rotaru, Silvio Erler and Daniel Severus Dezmirean
Antibiotics 2021, 10(8), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080960 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3941
Abstract
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) perform pollination service for many agricultural crops and contribute to the global economy in agriculture and bee products. However, honey bee health is an ongoing concern, as illustrated by persistent local population decline, caused by some severe [...] Read more.
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) perform pollination service for many agricultural crops and contribute to the global economy in agriculture and bee products. However, honey bee health is an ongoing concern, as illustrated by persistent local population decline, caused by some severe bee diseases (e.g., nosemosis, AFB, EFB, chalkbrood). Three natural recipes are in development based on the bioactive compounds of different plants extract (Agastache foeniculum, Artemisia absinthium, Evernia prunastri, Humulus lupulus, Laurus nobilis, Origanum vulgare and Vaccinium myrtillus), characterised by HPLC-PDA. The antimicrobial activity of these recipes was tested in vitro against Paenibacillus larvae, Paenibacillus alvei, Brevibacillus laterosporus, Enterococcus faecalis, Ascosphaera apis and in vivo against Nosema ceranae. A mix of 20% blueberry, 40% absinthium, 10% oakmoss, 10% oregano, 10% Brewers Gold hops, 5% bay laurel and 5% anise hyssop extract showed the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activity. Combing several highly active plant extracts might be an alternative treatment against bee-disease-associated parasites and pathogens, in particular to replace synthetic antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants)
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Review

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24 pages, 5822 KiB  
Review
Comparative Studies on Different Extraction Methods of Centella asiatica and Extracts Bioactive Compounds Effects on Antimicrobial Activities
by Farhana Nazira Idris and Masrina Mohd Nadzir
Antibiotics 2021, 10(4), 457; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040457 - 17 Apr 2021
Cited by 52 | Viewed by 12820
Abstract
The interest of consumers in using products containing phytochemicals derived from plants is growing day by day due to the shift of consumers’ preferences from convenience to environmental sustainability. One plant utilized in many products is Centella asiatica, a herb commonly used [...] Read more.
The interest of consumers in using products containing phytochemicals derived from plants is growing day by day due to the shift of consumers’ preferences from convenience to environmental sustainability. One plant utilized in many products is Centella asiatica, a herb commonly used in folk medicine, health supplements, and beauty products. Extraction of bioactive compounds from C. asiatica was performed using conventional methods and modern methods (e.g., microwave or ultrasound-assisted and subcritical water extraction). This review summarizes the variety of methods used to extract active compounds from C. asiatica, their influence on the bioactive compounds and antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo, and the safety and toxicology of C. asiatica extract. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants)
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19 pages, 3915 KiB  
Review
Plant-Derivatives Small Molecules with Antibacterial Activity
by Sana Alibi, Dámaso Crespo and Jesús Navas
Antibiotics 2021, 10(3), 231; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030231 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 7561
Abstract
The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular secondary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as antibiotics for clinical [...] Read more.
The vegetal world constitutes the main factory of chemical products, in particular secondary metabolites like phenols, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Many of these compounds are small molecules with antibacterial activity, although very few are actually in the market as antibiotics for clinical practice or as food preservers. The path from the detection of antibacterial activity in a plant extract to the practical application of the active(s) compound(s) is long, and goes through their identification, purification, in vitro and in vivo analysis of their biological and pharmacological properties, and validation in clinical trials. This review presents an update of the main contributions published on the subject, focusing on the compounds that showed activity against multidrug-resistant relevant bacterial human pathogens, paying attention to their mechanisms of action and synergism with classical antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Natural Products and Plants)
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