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Antioxidants
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Efficacy of Dietary Molecules in the Modulation of Redox Homeostasis...
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Efficacy of Dietary Molecules in the Modulation of Redox Homeostasis of Rodent Models

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "ROS, RNS and RSS".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2023) | Viewed by 12418

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Bergamo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse - sezione di Napoli (IBBR-NA), via Pietro Castellino 111, 80100 Naples, Italy
Interests: evaluation of cytoprotective/neuroprotective effects of food/food components in animal models; nutrients; antioxidants; reactive oxygen radical; nutraceutical and therapeutic discoveries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidoreductive homeostasis (redox state) has a critical importance for aerobic animals, and its imbalance (oxidative distress) has been implicated in the aging process, as well as in a number of pathological conditions. In recent decades, experimental models have been used (in silico, in vitro, and in vivo) to evaluate the modulatory capacity of food molecules on the redox state. Although the understanding of biochemical mechanisms is an important topic, there are conflicting data on the mechanisms underlying their modulatory capacity both for the use of non-specific markers and for the influence of the experimental model used.

Rodents (mice, rats) are the most widely used animal models in biomedical research, although economic, ethical, biological, and methodological factors limit their utilization. By contrast, their complexity, the influence of metabolic processes on bioactive molecules’ bioavailability, and the use of allometric conversion for the used doses greatly contribute to the translation of research results from animals to humans.

This Special Issue aims to collect documents dealing with the modulatory capacity of foods/food extracts/bioactive molecules on the redox state of healthy/diseased rodents through the use of responsible/specific biomarkers. Studies investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms and the contribution of different cellular pathways will be particularly appreciated.

Dr. Paolo Bergamo
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • Dietary compounds
  • Rodent models
  • Antioxidant defenses
  • Oxidative stress
  • Redox signaling
  • Cellular mechanisms underlying food/biomolecule-induced redox signaling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1170 KiB  
Article
Ceruloplasmin Interferes with the Assessment of Blood Lipid Hydroperoxide Content in Small Ruminants
by Stefano Cecchini Gualandi and Raffaele Boni
Antioxidants 2023, 12(3), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12030701 - 12 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1202
Abstract
Simple and inexpensive analytical methods for assessing redox balance in biological matrixes are widely used in animal and human diagnostics. Two of them, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and total oxidant status (TOS), evaluate the lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) content of the sample and are [...] Read more.
Simple and inexpensive analytical methods for assessing redox balance in biological matrixes are widely used in animal and human diagnostics. Two of them, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) and total oxidant status (TOS), evaluate the lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) content of the sample and are based on iron-mediated mechanisms. However, these tests provide uncorrelated results. In this study, we compared these two tests in the blood serum of goat kids and lambs, together with an evaluation of ceruloplasmin (CP) oxidase activity. No significant correlation was found between ROMs and TOS, or between TOS and CP oxidase activity, in either species. Conversely, ROMs and CP oxidase activity were highly correlated in both kid and lamb samples (p < 0.001). A significant progressive reduction in the analytical signal in the ROMs assay was observed when sodium azide, an effective CP inhibitor, was added to the samples before the assay (p < 0.001). This decrease was related to sodium azide concentration (p < 0.01) and was not found when sodium azide was added at the same concentrations in the TOS assay. These findings suggest that ROMs, unlike TOS, may be affected by CP, which interferes with LOOH detection in blood samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficacy of Dietary Molecules in the Modulation of Redox Homeostasis of Rodent Models)
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22 pages, 2616 KiB  
Article
Red Palm Oil Ameliorates Oxidative Challenge and Inflammatory Responses Associated with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Injury by Modulating NF-κβ and Nrf2/GCL/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in Rats
by Olawale R. Ajuwon, Jeanine L. Marnewick, Oluwafemi O. Oguntibeju and Lester M. Davids
Antioxidants 2022, 11(8), 1629; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081629 - 22 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3848
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-conserved cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria, exerts its toxic effects via inducing oxidative and pro-inflammatory responses. Red palm oil (RPO) is a unique natural product with a balanced ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with reported antioxidant [...] Read more.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-conserved cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria, exerts its toxic effects via inducing oxidative and pro-inflammatory responses. Red palm oil (RPO) is a unique natural product with a balanced ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we assess the protective effect and mechanistic action of RPO using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury model. Male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups (10 animals/group): normal control (NC), RPO, LPS and RPO + LPS. Animals in the RPO and RPO + LPS groups were administered RPO (200 μL/day) for 28 days. On the 27th day of experiment, animals in LPS and RPO + LPS groups were injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg body weight). Animals were sacrificed 24 h later, and blood and liver tissues harvested for biochemical and molecular analysis. RPO resolved hepatic histological dysfunction induced by LPS, and lowered alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase activities in the serum. Hepatic malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNFα were significantly diminished (p < 0.05) by RPO pre-treatment. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as glutathione redox status (GSH:GSSG), and markers of antioxidant capacity that decreased as a result of LPS injection were improved by RPO pre-treatment. Mechanistically, RPO up-regulated mRNA expression of redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 and its downstream targets GCL and HO-1, while also suppressing the expression of NFκβ and associated inflammatory protein, Iκβ kinase (IκKβ). In conclusion, this study highlights the ameliorating effects of RPO against LPS-induced hepatic injury and revealed the Nrf2/GCL/HO-1 and NFκβ signaling axis as potential contributing mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficacy of Dietary Molecules in the Modulation of Redox Homeostasis of Rodent Models)
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23 pages, 2667 KiB  
Article
Protective Effects of Wine Polyphenols on Oxidative Stress and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acrylamide in Rats
by Roxana Banc, Daniela-Saveta Popa, Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ, Lorena Filip, Béla Kiss, Anca Fărcaş, Andras Nagy, Doina Miere and Felicia Loghin
Antioxidants 2022, 11(7), 1347; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071347 - 10 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3014
Abstract
In recent years, it has been increasingly suggested that the consumption of natural polyphenols, in moderate amounts, is beneficial for health. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a red wine (the administered dose of 7 mL/kg/day being equivalent [...] Read more.
In recent years, it has been increasingly suggested that the consumption of natural polyphenols, in moderate amounts, is beneficial for health. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a red wine (the administered dose of 7 mL/kg/day being equivalent to ~16.5 mg/kg/day total polyphenols) compared to a white wine (the administered dose of 7 mL/kg/day being equivalent to ~1.7 mg/kg/day total polyphenols), on the prevention of acrylamide-induced subacute hepatic injury and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Hepatic damage due to acrylamide intoxication (the administered dose being 250 µg/kg body weight, for 28 days, by intragastric gavage) was assessed by employing biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)) and by histopathological studies. Markers of oxidative damage were measured in terms of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), hepatic Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and liver antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) activities. Regarding hepatic enzyme activities, treatment with red wine significantly decreased the AST values (p < 0.05), while for the ALT values only a normalization tendency was observed. Treatment with red wine and white wine, respectively, significantly prevented the increase in MDA and TBARS levels (p < 0.05), as well as the depletion of GSH (p < 0.05). Red wine treatment normalized the activities of the antioxidant enzymes CAT and SOD in rats intoxicated with acrylamide, while supplementing the diet with white wine did not produce significant differences in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Histopathological findings revealed a moderate protective effect of red wine after four weeks of daily consumption. Our findings provide evidence that red wine, having a higher phenolic content than white wine, has a significant protective effect on oxidative stress and liver injury induced by acrylamide in rats, through its antioxidative activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficacy of Dietary Molecules in the Modulation of Redox Homeostasis of Rodent Models)
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24 pages, 4596 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Acute Oral Galactose Administration on the Redox System of the Rat Small Intestine
by Jan Homolak, Ana Babic Perhoc, Ana Knezovic, Jelena Osmanovic Barilar, Davor Virag, Mihovil Joja and Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
Antioxidants 2022, 11(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010037 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3623
Abstract
Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration [...] Read more.
Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration prevents and alleviates cognitive decline in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that galactose may exert beneficial health effects by acting in the gut. The present aim was to explore the acute time-response of intestinal redox homeostasis following oral administration of d-galactose. Male Wistar rats were euthanized at baseline (n = 6), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 6), and 120 (n = 6) minutes following orogastric administration of d-galactose (200 mg/kg). The overall reductive capacity, lipid peroxidation, the concentration of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWT) and protein sulfhydryls (SH), the activity of Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD), reduced and oxidized fractions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADPH/NADP), and the hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate were analyzed in duodenum and ileum. Acute oral administration of d-galactose increased the activity of SODs and decreased intestinal lipid peroxidation and nucleophilic substrates (LMWT, SH, NADPH), indicating activation of peroxidative damage defense pathways. The redox system of the small intestine can acutely tolerate even high luminal concentrations of galactose (0.55 M), and oral galactose treatment is associated with a reduction rather than the increment of the intestinal OS. The ability of oral d-galactose to modulate intestinal OS should be further explored in the context of intestinal barrier maintenance, and beneficial cognitive effects associated with long-term administration of low doses of d-galactose. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Efficacy of Dietary Molecules in the Modulation of Redox Homeostasis of Rodent Models)
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