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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress
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Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 7020

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Cristina Nocella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: atherosclerosis; inflammation; oxidative stress; biomarkers; molecular mechanisms
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alessandra D'Amico

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; platelets; cardiovascular diseases; atherosclerosis; thrombosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The role of oxidative stress in the onset and progression of numerous chronic and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, aging, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases has been widely described. The measurement of oxidative stress biomarkers plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the health status as well as the development of oxidative stress-mediated disorders. Thus, verifying oxidative stress biomarkers levels is of particular importance if applied to clinical practice. Selecting the most appropriate biomarker can be useful in clinical diagnostics but also in identifying patient populations that benefit from certain treatments allowing a personalized therapy, for example with antioxidants.

Several biomarkers of oxidative stress have been studied over the years and many methods have been developed. However, the study of oxidative stress and the choice of biomarkers still represent a challenge today,
especially concerning methodology validation, standardization, and reproducibility.

This Special Issue aims to describe biomarkers of oxidative stress and discuss their possible usefulness in clinical practice. We intend to collect papers that investigate the role of biomarkers in understanding oxidative stress-mediated disease pathogenesis, helping in the diagnosis of diseases, developing new therapeutic strategies, and monitoring treatment outcomes.

Dr. Cristina Nocella
Dr. Alessandra D'Amico
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • oxidative stress
  • disease pathogenesis
  • clinical practice
  • therapeutic strategies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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16 pages, 4728 KiB  
Article
NOX2 as a Biomarker of Academic Performance: Evidence from University Students during Examination
by Cristina Nocella, Alessandra D’Amico, Roberto Cangemi, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Elena Mannacio, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Valentina Castellani, Gianmarco Sarto, Beatrice Simeone, Erica Rocco, Giacomo Frati, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Pasquale Pignatelli, Roberto Carnevale and SMiLe Group
Antioxidants 2024, 13(5), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050551 - 30 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1072
Abstract
Background: Cortisol levels, oxidative stress, and lower cerebral performance seem to be closely related. This study aimed to evaluate the question of whether exam stress affected oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters in the salivary samples of students. Methods: A total of 114 [...] Read more.
Background: Cortisol levels, oxidative stress, and lower cerebral performance seem to be closely related. This study aimed to evaluate the question of whether exam stress affected oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters in the salivary samples of students. Methods: A total of 114 healthy students were recruited. All students were subjected to a 21-item DASS questionnaire to assess perceived stress. Cortisol levels, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and endothelial function were evaluated at T0, during the semester, and T1, in the morning before the exam, in saliva samples. In vitro, HUVECs were stimulated with cortisol, and oxidative stress and endothelial function parameters were evaluated. Results: At T1, cortisol levels were significantly increased compared with the levels during the semester. Moreover, exam results correlated inversely with the DASS score at T1. In addition, NOX2, H2O2 and endothelin-1 significantly increased, while NO bioavailability decreased. In vitro, HUVECs treatment with human cortisol determined the increase of oxidative stress and the decrease of endothelial function, in association with impaired eNOS phosphorylation. Conclusion: NOX2-mediated oxidative stress is a mechanism that could mediate cortisol-induced transient endothelial dysfunction during academic examination. Therefore, strategies to monitor or modulate oxidative stress could help students to reduce the impact of examination-related stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress)
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21 pages, 3601 KiB  
Article
Systemic Oxidative Balance Reflects the Liver Disease Progression Status for Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Pbc): The Narcissus Fountain
by Marcello Dallio, Mario Romeo, Marina Cipullo, Lorenzo Ventriglia, Flavia Scognamiglio, Paolo Vaia, Giorgia Iadanza, Annachiara Coppola and Alessandro Federico
Antioxidants 2024, 13(4), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040387 - 23 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1398
Abstract
Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (dROMs) are two tests complementarily assessing systemic oxidative statuses (SOSs) that are never applied in chronic liver disorders (CLDs). We enrolled 41 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-naïve Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) patients [age: 58.61 ± 11.26 years; [...] Read more.
Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and Reactive Oxygen Metabolites (dROMs) are two tests complementarily assessing systemic oxidative statuses (SOSs) that are never applied in chronic liver disorders (CLDs). We enrolled 41 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-naïve Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) patients [age: 58.61 ± 11.26 years; females (F): 39], 40 patients with metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic livers (age: 54.30 ± 11.21; F: 20), 52 patients with HBV (age: 52.40 ± 8.22; F: 34), 50 patients with (age: 56.44 ± 7.79, F: 29), and 10 controls (age: 52.50 ± 9.64; F: 7). Liver fibrosis and the steatosis severity were determined using transient elastography, and the SOS was balanced using d-ROMs and the BAP test. The gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD1; SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) were evaluated using real-time PCR in advanced fibrosis (AF: F3F4) in patients with PBC. In contrast to other CLDs, in PBC the dROMs and BAP levels were, respectively, directly and inversely correlated with hepatic fibrosis (dROMs, R: 0.883; BAP, R: −0.882) and steatosis (dROMs, R: 0.954; BAP, R: −0931) severity (p < 0.0001 all). Patients with PBC also revealed a progressively increasing trend of d-ROMs (F0–F2 vs. F3: p = 0.0008; F3 vs. F4: p = 0.04) and reduction in BAP levels (F0–F2 vs. F3: p = 0.0007; F3 vs. F4 p = 0.04) according to the worsening of liver fibrosis. In AF-PBC, the SOD1, SOD2, and GPx1 expressions were significantly downregulated in patients presenting SOS imbalance (SOD1, p = 0.02; SOD2, p = 0.03; GPx1, p = 0.02). SOS disequilibrium represents a leitmotiv in patients with PBC, perfectly reflecting their liver disease progression status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress)
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18 pages, 5242 KiB  
Article
N-Acetylcysteine, N-Acetylcysteine Amide, and Thioredoxin Mimetic Peptides Regenerate Mercaptoalbumin and Exhibit Antioxidant Activity
by Sonia Eligini, Marco Munno, Gloria Modafferi, Daphne Atlas and Cristina Banfi
Antioxidants 2024, 13(3), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030351 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1570
Abstract
Albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating protein and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the redox state of the plasma. Three HSA proteoforms have been identified based on the redox state of cysteine 34. These proteoforms comprise of the reduced state (HSA-SH) [...] Read more.
Albumin (HSA) is the most abundant circulating protein and plays a pivotal role in maintaining the redox state of the plasma. Three HSA proteoforms have been identified based on the redox state of cysteine 34. These proteoforms comprise of the reduced state (HSA-SH) referred to as mercaptoalbumin, non-mercaptoalbumin-1, containing a disulfide with small thiols such as cysteine (HSA-Cys), and non-mercaptoalbumin-2, representing the higher oxidized proteoform. Several clinical studies have shown a relationship between an individual’s serum HSA redox status and the severity of diseases such as heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and liver disease. Furthermore, when HSA undergoes oxidation, it can worsen certain health conditions and contribute to their advancement. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the redox compounds AD4/NACA and the thioredoxin mimetic (TXM) peptides TXM-CB3, TXM-CB13, and TXM-CB30 to regenerate HSA-SH and to enhance its redox activity. The HSA proteoforms were quantified by LC-MS, and the antioxidant activity was determined using dichlorofluorescin. Each of the compounds exhibited a significant increase in HSA-SH and a reduction in HSA-Cys levels. The increase in HSA-SH was associated with a recovery of its antioxidant activity. In this work, we unveil a novel mechanistic facet of the antioxidant activity of AD4/NACA and TXM peptides. These results suggest an additional therapeutic approach for addressing oxidative stress-related conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress)
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14 pages, 3206 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association between Uric Acid and Allantoin and Rheumatoid Arthritis
by Angelo Zinellu and Arduino A. Mangoni
Antioxidants 2023, 12(8), 1569; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081569 - 5 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
Alterations in the circulating concentrations of uric acid and its degradation product, allantoin, might account for the systemic pro-oxidant state and the increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of [...] Read more.
Alterations in the circulating concentrations of uric acid and its degradation product, allantoin, might account for the systemic pro-oxidant state and the increased cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We sought to address this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the plasma/serum concentrations of uric acid and allantoin and RA. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 20 June 2023 for studies comparing plasma/serum concentrations of uric acid and allantoin between RA patients and healthy controls. We assessed the risk of bias with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for analytical studies and the certainty of evidence with the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group system. In the 19 studies selected for analysis, there were non-significant differences in uric acid concentrations between RA patients and controls (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.11, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.30, p = 0.22; I2 = 87.9%, p < 0.001; low certainty of evidence). By contrast, the concentrations of allantoin were significantly higher in RA patients (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.55, p < 0.001; I2 = 55.6%, p = 0.08; extremely low certainty of evidence). In meta-regression, a significant association was observed between the SMD of uric acid concentrations and body mass index, a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (t = 3.35, p = 0.007). Our study has shown a significant increase in the concentrations of the oxidative stress biomarker allantoin in patients with RA. Further research is warranted to investigate the interplay between uric acid, allantoin, redox balance, and cardiovascular disease in this group. (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023441127). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Relevance of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress)
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