Antioxidants

Research

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15 pages, 1544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Phenolic Compounds from Almond Skins Obtained by Water Extraction on Pork Patty Shelf Life

by Marisa Timón, Ana Isabel Andrés, Ludovico Sorrentino, Vladimiro Cardenia and María Jesús Petrón

Antioxidants 2022, 11(11), 2175; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112175 - 3 Nov 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1949

Abstract

The extraction of phenols from almond skin using water has not been applied before. The purpose of this study was to obtain aqueous extracts from almond skin to be added to pork patties to prolong their shelf life. Four different varieties of almonds [...] Read more.

The extraction of phenols from almond skin using water has not been applied before. The purpose of this study was to obtain aqueous extracts from almond skin to be added to pork patties to prolong their shelf life. Four different varieties of almonds were studied and aqueous extracts were obtained. The antioxidant capacity and composition of phenol compounds of the extracts were determined. Results showed that the use of water produces extracts with phenol compounds and antioxidant capacity, with the Antoñeta variety presenting the best performance in terms of antioxidant behavior. The most abundant phenolic compounds identified were isorhamentin-3-O-rutinoside, catechin and protocatechuic acid, all of them had a hydrophilic character due to the –OH groups in their molecules. The effect of almond skin extracts (ALMOND) on the shelf life of pork patties was compared with the effects of a control without extract (CONTROL NEG) and a control with sodium ascorbate (CONTROL POS). Throughout storage, values of pH, weight loss, headspace composition, color, TBARs and psychrotrophic aerobic bacteria were studied. CONTROL POS samples showed the lowest lipid oxidation values in comparison to CONTROL NEG or ALMOND extract samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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10 pages, 1057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Date Seed: Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenolics Obtained by Hydrothermal Treatments

by Abdessalem Mrabet, Ana Jiménez-Araujo, África Fernández-Prior, Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria, Juan Fernández-Bolaños, Marianne Sindic and Guillermo Rodríguez-Gutiérrez

Antioxidants 2022, 11(10), 1914; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11101914 - 27 Sep 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2336

Abstract

The growing interest in natural compounds is helping to improve the management of agro-industrial by-products such as the date seed as sources of such compounds. In this work, the application of a hydrothermal treatment at 160 and 180 °C for 60 min was [...] Read more.

The growing interest in natural compounds is helping to improve the management of agro-industrial by-products such as the date seed as sources of such compounds. In this work, the application of a hydrothermal treatment at 160 and 180 °C for 60 min was studied to achieve the solubilization of its phenolic components and sugars in order to obtain biologically active extracts. The percentage of phenols and total sugars in the final extracts were very similar, at 45 and 25% for the 160 and 180 °C treatments, respectively. The treatment at a higher temperature allowed greater solubilization of other components. The antioxidant activity was measured as free-radical scavenging capacity. For the DPPH^• method, expressed as EC50, the results were 0.34 and 0.37 mg/L, the TEAC values for the ABTS^• method were 6.61 and 3.28 mg/g dried extract, and the values obtained by the ORAC method were 12.82 and 9.91 mmol Trolox/g dried extract, for 160 and 180 °C, respectively. All these values are higher than those of other plant extracts and extracts obtained using the whole date. Therefore, the date seed is a very important source of phenols, and through thermal and chromatographic processes, it is possible to obtain extracts with high antioxidant activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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23 pages, 2002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Valorization of Agro-Industrial Wastes by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as a Source of Proteins, Antioxidants and Cutin: A Cascade Approach

by Cristina Mellinas, Ignacio Solaberrieta, Carlos Javier Pelegrín, Alfonso Jiménez and María Carmen Garrigós

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1739; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091739 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3385

Abstract

The use of agro-industrial wastes to obtain compounds with a high added-value is increasing in the last few years in accordance with the circular economy concept. In this work, a cascade extraction approach was developed based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for tomato, watermelon, [...] Read more.

The use of agro-industrial wastes to obtain compounds with a high added-value is increasing in the last few years in accordance with the circular economy concept. In this work, a cascade extraction approach was developed based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) for tomato, watermelon, and apple peel wastes. The protein and antioxidant compounds were obtained during the first extraction step (NaOH 3 wt.%, 98.6 W, 100% amplitude, 6.48 W/cm², 6 min). The watermelon peels (WP) showed higher proteins and total phenolic contents (857 ± 1 mg BSA/g extract and 107.2 ± 0.2 mg GAE/100 g dm, respectively), whereas the highest antioxidant activity was obtained for apple peels (1559 ± 20 µmol TE/100 g dm, 1767 ± 5 µmol TE/100 g dm, and 902 ± 16 µmol TE/100 g dm for ABTS, FRAP and DPPH assays, respectively). The remaining residue obtained from the first extraction was subsequently extracted to obtain cutin (ethanol 40 wt.%, 58 W, 100% amplitude, 2 W/cm², 17 min, 1/80 g/mL, pH 2.5). The morphological studies confirmed the great efficiency of UAE in damaging the vegetal cell walls. WP showed a higher non-hydrolysable cutin content (55 wt.% of the initial cutin). A different monomers’ profile was obtained for the cutin composition by GC-MS, with the cutin from tomato and apple peels being rich in polyhydroxy fatty acids whereas the cutin extracted from WP was mainly based on unsaturated fatty acids. All of the cutin samples showed an initial degradation temperature higher than 200 °C, presenting an excellent thermal stability. The strategy followed in this work has proved to be an effective valorization methodology with a high scaling-up potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetics and biopolymer sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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14 pages, 13169 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Solid State Fermentation of Olive Leaves as a Promising Technology to Obtain Hydroxytyrosol and Elenolic Acid Derivatives Enriched Extracts

by Anna Starzyńska-Janiszewska, Carmen Fernández-Fernández, Beatriz Martín-García, Vito Verardo and Ana María Gómez-Caravaca

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1693; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091693 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1987

Abstract

Extraction of valuable bioactive compounds from olive leaves is a hot topic and the use of sustainable and green technologies is mandatory in terms of circular economy. In this way, the use of fermentation technologies showed very interesting results in terms of phenolic [...] Read more.

Extraction of valuable bioactive compounds from olive leaves is a hot topic and the use of sustainable and green technologies is mandatory in terms of circular economy. In this way, the use of fermentation technologies showed very interesting results in terms of phenolic compound recovery. Because of that in this work the use of solid state fermentations, as valuable tool to improve the phenolic extraction has been checked. Aspergillus oryzae (in mycelium and spore form), Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus niger were used as fermentation microrganisms. Phenolic compounds were determined by HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS and, to our knowledge, new compounds have been tentatively identified in olive leaves. Fermentation using mycelium of Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae were effective to increase both hydroxytyrosol and elenolic acid derivatives whereas the use of spores of Aspergillus oryzae caused a loss of hydroxytyrosoyl derivatives, contrary the content of elenolic derivatives are comparable with the other fermentation treatments and higher than control. The proposed fermentation processes using the mycelium of Aspergillus awamori, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae lead to an increase the hydroxytyrosyl and elenolic acid derivatives and could be used at industrial scale to obtain enriched extracts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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17 pages, 2127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Natural Antioxidants from Fruit Leaves on the Oxidative Stability of Soybean Oil during Accelerated Storage

by Hanem M. M. Mansour, Sobhy Ahmed El-Sohaimy, Ahmed M. Zeitoun and Eman M. Abdo

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091691 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2788

Abstract

Plant by-products are safe, sustainable, and abundant natural antioxidant sources. Here we investigated the antioxidant activity of a mixture of lyophilized pomegranate, guava, and grape (PGG) leaves water extract (1:1:1) and examined its ability to retard the rancidity of soybean oil during accelerated [...] Read more.

Plant by-products are safe, sustainable, and abundant natural antioxidant sources. Here we investigated the antioxidant activity of a mixture of lyophilized pomegranate, guava, and grape (PGG) leaves water extract (1:1:1) and examined its ability to retard the rancidity of soybean oil during accelerated storage at 65 °C for 30 days. To achieve this, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil enriched with PGG extract at 200, 400, and 800 ppm. We also compared the effect of PGG extract with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (400/100 ppm) with that of only BHT (200 ppm). We observed that 8.19 and 1.78 µg/mL of the extract could scavenge 50% of DPPH^• and ABTS^•, respectively, indicating its enhanced antioxidant activity. Enriching soyabean oil with the extract at 800 ppm improved its oxidative stability by reducing the acid value to 1.71 mg/g and the total oxidation to 99.87 compared to 2.27 mg/g and 150.32 in the raw oil, respectively. Moreover, PGG-800 ppm inhibited oxidation by 46.07%. Similarly, PGG-400 ppm reinforced BHT (100 ppm) to provide oxidative stability as BHT (p > 0.05), with TOTOX values of 87.93 and 79.23, respectively. PGG-800 ppm and PGG/BHT mix potently inhibited the transformation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones. Therefore, the PGG extract might be an efficient substitute for BHT (partially or totally) during industrial processes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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13 pages, 934 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroethanolic Leaf Extracts from Six Mediterranean Olive Cultivars

by Vida Šimat, Danijela Skroza, Giulia Tabanelli, Martina Čagalj, Federica Pasini, Ana María Gómez-Caravaca, Carmen Fernández-Fernández, Meta Sterniša, Sonja Smole Možina, Yesim Ozogul and Ivana Generalić Mekinić

Antioxidants 2022, 11(9), 1656; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091656 - 26 Aug 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3024

Abstract

Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic olive leaf extracts from six Mediterranean olive cultivars (Croatian: Lastovka, Levantinka, Oblica; Italian: Moraiolo, Frantoio, Nostrana di Brisighella) were investigated. As expected, various distributions of phenolic levels were observed [...] Read more.

Phenolic profiles, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of hydroethanolic olive leaf extracts from six Mediterranean olive cultivars (Croatian: Lastovka, Levantinka, Oblica; Italian: Moraiolo, Frantoio, Nostrana di Brisighella) were investigated. As expected, various distributions of phenolic levels were observed for each cultivar and the total phenolic content showed high variability (ranging from 4 to 22 mg GAE/g of dry extract), with the highest amount of phenolics found in the Oblica sample, which also provided the highest antiradical (ORAC) and reducing activity (FRAP). The screening of individual compounds was performed by HPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF-MS and the main detected compounds were oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, oleoside/secologanoside, verbascoside, rutin, luteolin glucoside, hydroxyoleuropein, and ligstroside. While the antioxidant activity of the samples was relatively high, they showed no bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against E. coli and S. Typhimurium; weak activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria innocua; and inhibitory effects against Campylobacter jejuni at 0.5 mg dry extract/mL. The obtained results support the fact that olive leaf extracts, and especially those from the Oblica cultivar, could potentially be applied in various industries as natural preservatives and effective and inexpensive sources of valuable antioxidants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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13 pages, 2246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Production of Collagens and Protein Hydrolysates with Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity from Sheep Slaughter By-Products

by Alessandra Roseline Vidal, Rogério Luis Cansian, Renius de Oliveira Mello, Ivo Mottin Demiate, Aniela Pinto Kempka, Rosa Cristina Prestes Dornelles, José Manuel Lorenzo Rodriguez and Paulo Cezar Bastianello Campagnol

Antioxidants 2022, 11(6), 1173; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11061173 - 14 Jun 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3090

Abstract

This work aimed to produce collagens and hydrolysates with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity from sheep slaughter by-products. The by-products (sheep and lamb) were treated and extracted. The collagens were hydrolyzed with the enzyme Alcalase^®. The spectra of collagens and hydrolysates were [...] Read more.

This work aimed to produce collagens and hydrolysates with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity from sheep slaughter by-products. The by-products (sheep and lamb) were treated and extracted. The collagens were hydrolyzed with the enzyme Alcalase^®. The spectra of collagens and hydrolysates were similar (amide bands I, II, III, A, B). The bands presented by the collagens (α₁, α₂, β) were characteristic of type I collagen. The hydrolysates showed molecular weight peptides equal to/lower than 15 kDa. Collagens had a denaturation temperature of 39.32 (lamb) and 36.38 °C (sheep), whereas the hydrolysates did not undergo thermal transition. Hydrolysates showed lower values of antioxidant activity (AA) than the collagens. The collagens from lamb and from sheep displayed an AA of 13.4% (concentration of 0.0002%) and 13.1% (concentration of 0.0005%), respectively. At the concentration of 0.0020%, the lamb hydrolysates displayed an AA of 10.2%, whereas the sheep hydrolysates had an AA of only 1.98%. Collagen also showed higher antimicrobial activity compared to hydrolysates, requiring a lower concentration to inhibit the microorganisms tested. Sheep slaughter by-products proved to be a viable source for obtaining protein hydrolysates and collagens with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, which can be applied in the development of nutraceuticals beneficial to human health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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14 pages, 12781 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Phytochemicals of Citrus reticulata Seeds—An Example of Waste Product Rich in Healthy Skin Promoting Agents

by Tarfah Al-Warhi, Abeer H. Elmaidomy, Samy Selim, Mohammad M. Al-Sanea, Mha Albqmi, Ehab M. Mostafa, Sabouni Ibrahim, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Ahmed M. Sayed and Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050984 - 18 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2647

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation of Egyptian mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco, F. Rutaceae) seeds afforded thirteen known compounds, 1–13. The structures of isolated compounds were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. To characterize the pharmacological activity of these [...] Read more.

Phytochemical investigation of Egyptian mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco, F. Rutaceae) seeds afforded thirteen known compounds, 1–13. The structures of isolated compounds were assigned using 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS analyses. To characterize the pharmacological activity of these compounds, several integrated virtual screening-based and molecular dynamics simulation-based experiments were applied. As a result, compounds 2, 3 and 5 were putatively identified as hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors. The subsequent in vitro testing was done to validate the in silico-based experiments to highlight the potential of these flavonoids as promising hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase inhibitors with IC₅₀ values ranging from 6.39 ± 0.36 to 73.7 ± 2.33 µM. The present study shed light on the potential of Egyptian mandarin orange’s waste product (i.e., its seeds) as a skin health-promoting natural agent. Additionally, it revealed the applicability of integrated inverse docking-based virtual screening and MDS-based experiments in efficiently predicting the biological potential of natural products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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22 pages, 4800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Use of Annona Genus Plants Leaf Extracts to Produce Bioactive Transdermal Patches by Supercritical Solvent Impregnation

by María Teresa Fernández Ponce, Cristina Cejudo Bastante, Lourdes Casas Cardoso, Casimiro Mantell, Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa and Clara Pereyra

Antioxidants 2021, 10(8), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081196 - 27 Jul 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2665

Abstract

The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon [...] Read more.

The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon dioxide + ethanol/acetone was evaluated taking into account the antioxidant activity, total phenol composition and global extraction yields. For the impregnation of ALE, two drug supporting systems were tested: hydrocolloid sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and polyester dressings (PD). The effect of the impregnation conditions, including pressure (P), temperature (T), percent of co-solvent (ethanol) and ALE/polymer mass ratio, was determined with regard to the loading and the functional activity of the impregnated samples. The optimal impregnation conditions of ALE were established at 55 °C and 300 bar which led to obtained transdermal patches with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. In order to understand the behavior of the process, the homogeneity of the samples in the vessels was also evaluated. The best results were obtained at higher proportions of co-solvent in the system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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17 pages, 3007 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physicochemical, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Rapeseed Lecithin Liposomes Loading a Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) Seed Extract

by Ailén Alemán, Selene Pérez-García, Pilar Fernández de Palencia, María Pilar Montero and María del Carmen Gómez-Guillén

Antioxidants 2021, 10(5), 693; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050693 - 28 Apr 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3439

Abstract

Vegetal waste materials were used to produce liposomes with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Differences in the chemical composition of rapeseed lecithin (LEC) and a partially purified phospholipid fraction (PPL) were studied in terms of fatty acids (neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and [...] Read more.

Vegetal waste materials were used to produce liposomes with both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Differences in the chemical composition of rapeseed lecithin (LEC) and a partially purified phospholipid fraction (PPL) were studied in terms of fatty acids (neutral lipids, free fatty acids, and phospholipids), sterols, tocopherols, and amino acid composition. Neutral lipids, campesterol, β-sitosterol, and γ-tocopherol were the most depleted compounds in PPL. Qualitative differences between LEC and PPL were revealed by infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. An ethanol/water antioxidant extract from chia seeds (ChE), with a high content in rosmarinic acid and rosmarinic acid 3-O-glucoside, along with other minor phenolic acids determined by HPLC-MS, was encapsulated in liposomes made of LEC (L-LEC) and PPL (L-PPL) with an entrapment efficiency of 61.3% and 69.3%, respectively. L-PPL suspensions showed smaller particle size and lower ζ potential than their L-LEC counterparts, along with noticeable particle destabilization after 7 days of storage. Antioxidant properties were greater in L-LEC than in L-PPL suspensions. L-LEC, ChE, and lecithin empty liposomes (L-E) showed no cytotoxic effect in either Caco-2 or THP-1 cells and induced downregulation of the inflammation response. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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15 pages, 1754 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Application of a Natural Antioxidant from Grape Pomace Extract in the Development of Bioactive Jute Fibers for Food Packaging

by Cristina Cejudo-Bastante, Paloma Arjona-Mudarra, María Teresa Fernández-Ponce, Lourdes Casas, Casimiro Mantell, Enrique J. Martínez de la Ossa and Clara Pereyra

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 216; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020216 - 2 Feb 2021

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 4398

Abstract

There is an increasing demand for the use of new food packaging materials. In this study, natural jute fibers impregnated with a Petit Verdot Red Grape Pomace Extract (RGPE) was proposed as a new active food packaging material. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and [...] Read more.

There is an increasing demand for the use of new food packaging materials. In this study, natural jute fibers impregnated with a Petit Verdot Red Grape Pomace Extract (RGPE) was proposed as a new active food packaging material. Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and Enhanced Solvent Extraction (ESE) techniques were employed to obtain the bioactive RGPE. Afterward the supercritical solvent impregnation conditions to obtain RGPE-natural jute fibers were studied, by varying pressure, modifier percentage and dried RGPE mass. PLE technique offered the highest bioactive extract at 20 MPa, 55 °C, 1 h residence time using C₂H₅OH:H₂O (1:1 v/v), providing an EC50 of 3.35 ± 0.25 and antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC of 12.0, 1.5 and 4.0 mg/mL RGPE respectively). The natural jute fibers impregnated with 3 mL of that RGPE (90 mg/mL) at 50 MPa and 55 °C generated the most efficient packing material with regards to its food preservation potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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17 pages, 1938 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Tuning of Proanthocyanidin Extract’s Composition through Quaternary Eutectic Solvents Extraction

by Rodrigo T. Neto, Sónia A. O. Santos, Joana Oliveira and Armando J. D. Silvestre

Antioxidants 2020, 9(11), 1124; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111124 - 13 Nov 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2436

Abstract

Currently available proanthocyanidins extraction methods rely on dedicated crops and have low specificity and yield which limits their industrial application. Consequently, the development of novel methodologies and the use of sustainable sources is of great importance. Eutectic solvents have been proposed has good [...] Read more.

Currently available proanthocyanidins extraction methods rely on dedicated crops and have low specificity and yield which limits their industrial application. Consequently, the development of novel methodologies and the use of sustainable sources is of great importance. Eutectic solvents have been proposed has good alternatives for conventional solvents due to their low price, easiness of preparation, biocompatibility and ability of being custom made to a specific application. Herein the effective extraction of proanthocyanidins from grape pomace and the possibility of tuning the extract’s characteristics such as mean degree of polymerization and galloylation percentage is explored by means of varying the composition of a quaternary eutectic solvent composed by choline chloride, glycerol, ethanol and water. It was found that mean degree of polymerization values can vary from 6.0 to 7.37 and galloylation percentage can vary from 32.5% to 47.1% while maintaining extraction yield above 72.2 mg of proanthocyanidins per g of biomass. Furthermore, the increase of temperature up to 100 °C has showed a significant effect on the extraction yield being possible to increase it by 238% when compared to the conventional extraction method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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Review

Jump to: Research

42 pages, 3265 KiB

Open AccessReview

Emerging Green Techniques for the Extraction of Antioxidants from Agri-Food By-Products as Promising Ingredients for the Food Industry

by Serena Carpentieri, Farid Soltanipour, Giovanna Ferrari, Gianpiero Pataro and Francesco Donsì

Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1417; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091417 - 5 Sep 2021

Cited by 95 | Viewed by 7192

Abstract

Nowadays, the food industry is heavily involved in searching for green sources of valuable compounds, to be employed as potential food ingredients, to cater to the evolving consumers’ requirements for health-beneficial food ingredients. In this frame, agri-food by-products represent a low-cost source of [...] Read more.

Nowadays, the food industry is heavily involved in searching for green sources of valuable compounds, to be employed as potential food ingredients, to cater to the evolving consumers’ requirements for health-beneficial food ingredients. In this frame, agri-food by-products represent a low-cost source of natural bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. However, to effectively recover these intracellular compounds, it is necessary to reduce the mass transfer resistances represented by the cellular envelope, within which they are localized, to enhance their extractability. To this purpose, emerging extraction technologies, have been proposed, including Supercritical Fluid Extraction, Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, High-Pressure Homogenization, Pulsed Electric Fields, High Voltage Electrical Discharges. These technologies demonstrated to be a sustainable alternative to conventional extraction, showing the potential to increase the extraction yield, decrease the extraction time and solvent consumption. Additionally, in green extraction processes, also the contribution of solvent selection, as well as environmental and economic aspects, represent a key factor. Therefore, this review focused on critically analyzing the main findings on the synergistic effect of low environmental impact technologies and green solvents towards the green extraction of antioxidants from food by-products, by discussing the main associated advantages and drawbacks, and the criteria of selection for process sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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27 pages, 2104 KiB

Open AccessReview

Crustacean Waste-Derived Chitosan: Antioxidant Properties and Future Perspective

by Manikandan Muthu, Judy Gopal, Sechul Chun, Anna Jacintha Prameela Devadoss, Nazim Hasan and Iyyakkannu Sivanesan

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020228 - 3 Feb 2021

Cited by 88 | Viewed by 8444

Abstract

Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by [...] Read more.

Chitosan is obtained from chitin that in turn is recovered from marine crustacean wastes. The recovery methods and their varying types and the advantages of the recovery methods are briefly discussed. The bioactive properties of chitosan, which emphasize the unequivocal deliverables contained by this biopolymer, have been concisely presented. The variations of chitosan and its derivatives and their unique properties are discussed. The antioxidant properties of chitosan have been presented and the need for more work targeted towards harnessing the antioxidant property of chitosan has been emphasized. Some portions of the crustacean waste are being converted to chitosan; the possibility that all of the waste can be used for harnessing this versatile multifaceted product chitosan is projected in this review. The future of chitosan recovery from marine crustacean wastes and the need to improve in this area of research, through the inclusion of nanotechnological inputs have been listed under future perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraction of Antioxidants from Food Waste II)

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