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Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains
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Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 March 2023) | Viewed by 11408

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhenxu Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: train aerodynamics; aerodynamic shape optimization; aerodynamic noise; machine learning
Dr. Tiantian Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
Interests: intelligent sensor network; big data management and analysis; rail transit equipment health monitoring; SHM (Structure health monitoring) of railway vehicle; rotating machinery fault diagnosis; multi-source data fusion; extreme environment driving safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tian Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
Interests: train aerodynamics; aerodynamic shape optimization; aerodynamic noise

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our pleasure to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue through the submission of research results concerning the domain of the aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains. The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight the latest enhancements in the research of aerodynamic noise and corresponding reduction measures of high-speed trains. Aerodynamic noise has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to being a major part of train noise when the running speed exceeds 300 km/h, becoming a bottleneck for the design of new high-speed trains. The discovery of aerodynamic noise mechanisms and the reduction in acoustic emissions are topics of interest in the transportation industry, having a direct impact on surrounding amenities and commercial success. Topics to be covered in this Special Issue deal with the computational, experimental and data analysis of noise and vibrations caused by high-speed trains, also covering, but not limited to, topics such as active noise control and the vibroacoustic properties of materials. This Special Issue provides an opportunity for scientists and engineers to publish their studies of current interest, both in the computational and experimental fields of research, and also articles introducing new approaches and methodologies.

Dr. Zhenxu Sun
Dr. Tiantian Wang
Dr. Tian Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • aerodynamic noise
  • high-speed train
  • vibration
  • noise reduction
  • aeroacoustics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 165 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Aerodynamic Noise Research of High-Speed Trains
by Tian Li, Zhenxu Sun and Tiantian Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 6906; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13126906 - 7 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1178
Abstract
Trains have gained immense popularity as a fast and efficient mode of transportation [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 6700 KiB  
Article
Study on Interior Aerodynamic Noise Characteristics of the High-Speed Maglev Train in the Low Vacuum Tube
by Jiali Liu, Mengge Yu, Dawei Chen and Zhigang Yang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(22), 11444; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211444 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1763
Abstract
As the next-generation high-speed transportation system, the low vacuum tube high-speed maglev system combines the tube with a certain degree of vacuum with the high-speed maglev train, which can realize high-speed operation under low aerodynamic resistance and noise mode. In order to study [...] Read more.
As the next-generation high-speed transportation system, the low vacuum tube high-speed maglev system combines the tube with a certain degree of vacuum with the high-speed maglev train, which can realize high-speed operation under low aerodynamic resistance and noise mode. In order to study the interior aerodynamic noise characteristics of the high-speed maglev train in the low vacuum tube, a computational model of the external flow field of the high-speed maglev train in a low vacuum tube was established, and the computational model of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train was established using the statistical energy analysis method; then the interior aerodynamic noise characteristics of the high-speed maglev train in the low vacuum tube were studied. The research results show that in the low vacuum tube, the distribution of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train shows the characteristics of large head car and tail car and small middle car, and the aerodynamic noise on the top of the car is smaller than that on the floor. With the increase in frequency, the sound pressure level of the interior aerodynamic noise of the high-speed maglev train has the tendency of increasing first and then decreasing, and the main energy of the interior aerodynamic noise is distributed in the range of 200–1000 Hz. From the perspective of the total sound pressure level of the interior aerodynamic noise, the interior aerodynamic noise of the tail car is the greatest, followed by the head car, and the interior aerodynamic noise of the middle car is the smallest. As the direction of the travel of the maglev train will change, the optimization design of the interior aerodynamic noise of the head and tail cars should be emphasized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains)
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14 pages, 21156 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Noise Reduction of Pantograph
by Fangcheng Shi, Fushan Shi, Xudong Tian and Tiantian Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 10720; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110720 - 22 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2002
Abstract
A hybrid method incorporating the simulations of noise sources with delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) and calculations of far-field noise with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) equation is used to study the suppression technique for the aerodynamic noise of a Faiveley CX-PG pantograph. Considering [...] Read more.
A hybrid method incorporating the simulations of noise sources with delayed detached eddy simulation (DDES) and calculations of far-field noise with the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) equation is used to study the suppression technique for the aerodynamic noise of a Faiveley CX-PG pantograph. Considering that China’s Fuxing bullet trains operate at 350 km/h, the inflow velocity of 350 km/h is applied in this paper. The noise radiated from the panhead area, middle area, and bottom area at an inflow velocity of 350 km/h is distinguished. The noise intensities at the standard observer show that the noise radiated from the panhead area is the strongest, and the sound pressure level spectrum value is larger than the other two in the range above 500 Hz. The influence of applying the wavy rods and modifying the contact strip shape on the aerodynamic noise is discussed in detail. By comparing the acoustic source distribution and the far-field noise intensity, it is found that applying the wavy rods can effectively reduce the panhead noise, especially around the peak frequency. Modifying the shape of the contact strip to a hexagon can suppress the vortex shedding, leading to a lower surface pressure level. Combining the strip modification and wavy rods, the total noise intensity can be diminished by about 3.0 dB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains)
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18 pages, 5586 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on the Aeroacoustic Performance of Different Diversion Strategies in the Pantograph Area of High-Speed Trains at 400 km/h
by Hongkang Liu, Siqi Zhou, Rongrong Chen, Zhuolun Li, Shishang Zhang and Yatian Zhao
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 10702; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122110702 - 22 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
The speed increase in high-speed trains is a critical procedure in the promotion of high-speed railway technology. As an indispensable and complex structure of high-speed trains, the pantograph’s aerodynamic drag and noise is a significant limitation in the speed increase process of high-speed [...] Read more.
The speed increase in high-speed trains is a critical procedure in the promotion of high-speed railway technology. As an indispensable and complex structure of high-speed trains, the pantograph’s aerodynamic drag and noise is a significant limitation in the speed increase process of high-speed trains. In the present study, the hybrid method of large eddy simulation (LES) and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy is applied to analyze the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performances of pantograph installed in different ways, i.e., sinking platform and fairing. The results of simulation show that the application of pantograph fairing can reduce the aerodynamic drag greatly. In addition, compared with the pantographs installed alone on the train roof, the installation of the sinking platform brings about 2 dBA reduction in sound pressure level (SPL). Meanwhile, the utilization of the pantograph fairing mainly decreases the noise in the frequency band above 1000 Hz and the largest SPL reduction is up to 3 dBA among the monitoring points. Further analysis shows that the influence of different diversion strategies on the spectral characteristics actually attenuates the dominant frequency of the panhead. In the horizontal plane, the noise directivity of the pantograph installed with a fairing is similar to the pantograph installed alone on the train roof. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains)
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15 pages, 6862 KiB  
Article
Shape Optimization of the Streamlined Train Head for Reducing Aerodynamic Resistance and Noise
by Mengge Yu, Jiali Liu, Wei Huo and Jiye Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 10146; https://doi.org/10.3390/app121910146 - 9 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2074
Abstract
Aiming to improve the comprehensive aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train, a multi-objective shape optimization method for a streamlined train head is proposed in this work. The shape of the streamlined train head is parameterized with some spline curves. The optimization design variables [...] Read more.
Aiming to improve the comprehensive aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train, a multi-objective shape optimization method for a streamlined train head is proposed in this work. The shape of the streamlined train head is parameterized with some spline curves. The optimization design variables are uniformly sampled using the optimal Latin hypercube design method. The aerodynamic resistance and dipole noise sources are chosen as the optimization objectives, which can be obtained through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. An approximate calculation model is established by the radial basis function neural network so as to effectively predict the values of optimization objectives. The error between the predicted values and actual values of the aerodynamic resistance is less than 1%, and that of the dipole noise source is less than 3 dB, which demonstrate the validity of the approximate calculation model. In the optimization process, the algorithm NSGA-II is adopted to update the values of the optimization design variables, and the approximate calculation model is used to calculate the optimization objectives, which greatly reduces the optimization computation time of the streamlined head shape. Through iterative computation of the optimization algorithm in the design space, each optimized design variable shows a trend of convergence, and the aerodynamic resistance and dipole noise source generally show a decreasing trend. The Pareto front is corrected by the CFD method after optimization. The aerodynamic resistance can be reduced by up to 4.5%, and the dipole noise source can be reduced by up to 3.9 dB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains)
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11 pages, 12464 KiB  
Article
Aeroacoustic Optimization Design of the Middle and Upper Part of Pantograph
by Jing Guo, Xiao-Ming Tan, Zhi-Gang Yang, Yu-Qi Xue, Ya-Nan Shen and Hao-Wei Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(17), 8704; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178704 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
The pantograph is the main noise source of high-speed trains, of which the middle and upper parts of the pantograph account for about 50% of the whole noise energy. Taking CRH380BL pantograph as the basic prototype, three aerodynamic noise reduction measures of opening, [...] Read more.
The pantograph is the main noise source of high-speed trains, of which the middle and upper parts of the pantograph account for about 50% of the whole noise energy. Taking CRH380BL pantograph as the basic prototype, three aerodynamic noise reduction measures of opening, slotting, and airfoil are introduced to build a new pantograph, and their aeroacoustic performances are comprehensively investigated through large eddy simulation (LES) and Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) equation method. The research results show that the open upper and lower arms (ULA) can reduce the downstream vorticity intensity and vortex structure scale, which in turn reduces the noise source intensity, thus reducing their radiated noise by approximately 1.1 dBA. The slotted ULA reduce the size of the rear vortex structure but increase the vorticity intensity, so it is difficult to effectively control their radiated noise. The airfoil bow head reduces the vorticity intensity and vortex structure scale behind it, and avoids periodic vortex shedding, thereby reducing its noise source intensity, thus reducing its radiated noise by about 1.2 dBA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerodynamic Noise Research of High Speed Trains)
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