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Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 21096

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sang-Hyo Kim

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Guest Editor

School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
Interests: bridge girder systems—dynamic and static; steel-concrete shear connector systems; seismic energy dissipation systems; reliability-based structural design and design code development

Prof. Dr. Luigino Dezi

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Guest Editor

Universita’ Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: composite bridges; service response of composite structures; dissipative systems and isolation systems for seismic design; dynamic monitoring of bridges; retrofitting of reinforced concrete structures

Prof. Dr. Gianluca Ranzi

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Guest Editor

School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Interests: structural engineering; composite steel-concrete structures; concrete structures; architectural science; building-to-grid integration; heritage conservation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Composite steel–concrete structures have been gaining popularity in the last decades throughout the world for building and bridge applications.

This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of some recent research carried out in this field, dealing with new structural systems, technologies, modelling techniques and design methodologies. It calls for both high-quality unpublished research in these areas and relevant state-of-the-art reviews.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, structural response of composite members and floor systems; building and bridge technology; serviceability limit state design; seismic vulnerability evaluation and retrofit; theoretical models; design code development; and experimental studies.

Prof. Dr. Sang-Hyo Kim
Prof. Dr. Luigino Dezi
Prof. Dr. Gianluca Ranzi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Composite steel-concrete buildings
Bridge technology
Concrete time effects
Shear connection

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 9214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study on Seismic Behavior of Flexural Frames with Semi-Rigid Welded Steel Connections Considering Static and Reciprocating Loads: A Performance-Based Earthquake Approach

by Majid Malekzadeh and Mohsenali Shayanfar

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7617; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157617 - 28 Jul 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2036

Abstract

This paper aims to apply a performance-based earthquake engineering approach to assess the assurance of flexural frames whose members are jointed together by using new modified RBS connections, namely, semi-rigid welded steel connections, which obey a progressive failure mechanism. First, the structural members and connections are modeled and predesigned in ETABS software, and then, using OpenSees software, a series of nonlinear progressive failure analyses are performed on the built models extracted from ETABS. To this end, three types of multi-story structures with 3, 10, and 15 are modeled. The models are subjected to 15 earthquakes, such as Northridge (1994), Kobe (1995), Chichi (1999), Bam (2003), Tabas (1978), and so on. The connections are modeled by a series of rotational springs whose nonlinear behavior is estimated by a three-line curve that is established based on the modified Ibarra–Krawinkler deterioration model. Finally, obtaining the maximum ground acceleration versus the maximum relative drift of the floors, the fragility curves of the structures for a collapse level (CP) are determined, through which the seismic performances of the models are evaluated. The results show that by reducing the number of structural floors, the ductility of structures was reduced, and by increasing the ductility of structures, higher drifts in structures were achieved at the same seismic level. The average amount of ductility reduction coefficient in structures with RBS was 1.06 times those without RBS, which indicates that the energy dissipation capacity in structures without RBS connection is higher than in those with RBS. Local analysis of connections shows a 9% increase in the plastic rotation capacity if RBS connections are used. The ductility of all frames with RBS connection increased slightly compared to frames without RBS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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27 pages, 8456 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shear Resistance Assessment of the Y-Type Perfobond Rib Shear Connector under Repeated Loadings

by Sang-Hyo Kim, Oneil Han, Suro Yoon and Tuguldur Boldoo

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(16), 7667; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11167667 - 20 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1788

Abstract

The steel–concrete composite structures consist of two different material parts, which are connected with reliable shear connectors to enable the combined action of the steel and concrete members. The shear connectors may experience either one-directional repeated cyclic loadings or fully reversed cyclic loadings depending on the structural functions and acting loadings. It is essential for structural engineers to estimate the residual shear strength of the shear connectors after action of repeated loads. The characteristics of deteriorating shear capacities of Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors under repeated loads were investigated to estimate the energy dissipating capacity as well as the residual shear strength after repeated loads. To perform the repeated load experiments four different intensities of repeated loads were selected based on the monotonic push-out tests which were performed with 15 specimens with five different design variables. The selected load levels range from 35% to 65% of the representative ultimate shear strength under the monotonic load. In total, 12 specimens were tested under five different repeated load types which were applied to observe the energy dissipating characteristics under various load intensities. It was found that the dissipated energy per cycle becomes stable and converges with the increasing number of cycles. A design formula to estimate the residual shear strength after the repeated loads was proposed, which is based on the residual shear strength factor and the nominal ultimate shear strength of the fresh Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors. The design residual shear strength was computed from the number of repeated loads and the energy dissipation amount per cycle. The reduction factor for the design residual shear strength was also proposed considering the target reliability level. The various reduction factors for the design residual shear strength were derived based on the probabilistic characteristics of the residual shear strength as well as the energy dissipation due to repeated loads. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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23 pages, 8310 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Research on Reinforced Concrete Columns Strengthened with Steel Jacket and Concrete Infill

by Aleksandar Landović and Miroslav Bešević

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4043; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094043 - 29 Apr 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4223

Abstract

Experimental research on axially compressed columns made from reinforced concrete (RC) and RC columns strengthened with a steel jacket and additional fill concrete is presented in this paper. A premade squared cross-section RC column was placed inside a steel tube, and then the space between the column and the tube was filled with additional concrete. A total of fourteen stub axially compressed columns, including nine strengthened specimens and five plain reinforced concrete specimens, were experimentally tested. The main parameter that was varied in the experiment was the compressive strength of the filler concrete. Three different concrete compression strength classes were used. Test results showed that all three cross-section parts (the core column, the fill, and the steel jacket) worked together in the force-carrying process through all load levels, even if only the basic RC column was loaded. The strengthened columns exhibited pronounced ductile behavior compared to the plain RC columns. The influence of the test parameters on the axial compressive strength was investigated. In addition, the specimen failure modes, strain development, and load vs. deformation relations were registered. The applicability of three different design codes to predict the axial bearing capacity of the strengthened columns was also investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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20 pages, 5304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Shear Resistance Formula for the Y-Type Perfobond Rib Shear Connector Considering Probabilistic Characteristics

by Sang-Hyo Kim, Tuvshintur Batbold, Syed Haider Ali Shah, Suro Yoon and Oneil Han

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3877; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093877 - 25 Apr 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2270

Abstract

A design shear resistance formula for Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors is proposed with the various reduction factors, which can be selected depending on the target safety level. The nominal shear resistance formula is improved based on the systematic sensitivity analysis as well as the regression fit test based on 84 push-out test results, including 15 additional push-out tests to extend the application ranges and reduce the estimation errors, compared to the formula proposed in previous studies. Some design variables are additionally included in the proposed design formula: the yield strengths of rebar and rib plate. The basic design variables in the proposed design formula are (1) number of ribs and transverse rebars, (2) concrete compressive strength, (3) rebar diameter and yield strength, and (4) rib thickness, width, height, and yield strength. The application ranges of the basic design variables are recommended for the proposed design formula. The various shear resistance reduction factors are proposed based on the probabilistic ultimate shear resistance model of Y-type perfobond rib shear connectors. The proposed procedure may be recommended to develop the design formula for shear connectors with various shapes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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12 pages, 13031 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moment Resisting Connection with Curved Endplates: Behaviour Study

by Andrej Mudrov, Antanas Šapalas, Gintas Šaučiuvėnas and Kęstutis Urbonas

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041520 - 8 Feb 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2039

Abstract

This article provides a behaviour analysis of moment resisting joints with curved endplates. This is a new type of connection that can be used for joining steel beams to the circular hollow section (CHS) columns by means of bolts. Some researchers apply the Eurocode model without considering the differences in calculation schemes and assumptions, such as by using the general model of an equivalent T-stub in tension. Consequently, many of the existing behaviour studies are somewhat misleading, thus there is a need for further research. Apart from the absence of analytical methods that are devoted to predicting the initial stiffness and strength of the curved T-stub, other technical difficulties were encountered, such as gaps between the endplate and the column, as well as the initial pre-loading force of the bolts. In the previous studies, endplates were manufactured by rolling flat plates to the precise curvature which resulted in firm contact. In contrast, in this study, endplates were manufactured from a standard CHS tube, which led to significant initial gaps. Meanwhile, in terms of preloading force, it was found that it affected the moment resistance of the joint. This paper discusses problems associated with ongoing researches and presents experimental tests of the two connections. The obtained results were further used in the parametric finite element analysis (FEA) to determine the effect of the gaps and preloading force of the bolts on the moment resistance and initial rotational stiffness of the joint. The results indicate that the behaviour of curved plated connections is exceedingly complex and that the preloading force is the key factor, therefore, it should be controlled. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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28 pages, 16986 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finite Elements for Higher Order Steel–Concrete Composite Beams

by Fabrizio Gara, Sandro Carbonari, Graziano Leoni and Luigino Dezi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(2), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020568 - 8 Jan 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2153

Abstract

This paper presents finite elements for a higher order steel–concrete composite beam model developed for the analysis of bridge decks. The model accounts for the slab–girder partial interaction, the overall shear deformability, and the shear-lag phenomenon in steel and concrete components. The theoretical derivation of the solving balance conditions, in both weak and strong form, is firstly addressed. Then, three different finite elements are proposed, which are characterised by (i) linear interpolating functions, (ii) Hermitian polynomial interpolating functions, and (iii) interpolating functions, respectively, derived from the analytical solution expressed by means of exponential matrices. The performance of the finite elements is analysed in terms of the solution convergence rate for realistic steel–concrete composite beams with different restraints and loading conditions. Finally, the efficiency of the beam model is shown by comparing the results obtained with the proposed finite elements and those achieved with a refined 3D shell finite element model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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Review

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15 pages, 2539 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Shrinkage-Induced Response of Composite Steel–Concrete Slabs: A State-of-the-Art Review

by Md Mahfuzur Rahman and Gianluca Ranzi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010223 - 27 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5255

Abstract

Composite steel–concrete slab is a floor typology widely used for building applications. Their design is usually governed by serviceability limit state requirements associated with the time-dependent response of the concrete. In this context, this paper presents a state-of-the-art review of research carried out to date on the long-term behavior of composite steel–concrete slabs. The particularity of this time-dependent response relies on the fact that the concrete cannot dry from the underside of the slab due to the presence of the profiled sheeting while it can dry from its upper surface. In the first part of the paper, a review of the work carried out on the identification of the time-dependent response of the concrete is presented by considering the peculiarities that occur due to the non-symmetric drying condition related to composite slabs. Particular attention is given to shrinkage effects and to the occurrence and influence of the non-uniform shrinkage gradient that develops in this form of construction over time. This is followed by the description and discussion of the experimental work performed on both simply-supported and continuous static configurations of composite slabs. In particular, the work published to date is summarized while highlighting the key parameters of the test samples and of the testing protocols adopted in the experiments. In the last part of the paper, available theoretical and design models proposed for the predictions of the shrinkage-induced behavior of composite slabs are presented and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Construction Systems and Techniques for Composite Steel-Concrete Bridges and Buildings)

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