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Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ
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Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 20539

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ki-Hyun Kim

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
Interests: environmental & biomedical monitoring; air quality & environmental engineering; material engineering; coordination polymers; metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the successful launch of our first Special Issue on “Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent", I am announcing the second Special Issue on this attractive area of research "Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent II". This Special Issue will continue to cover all the important research efforts made in the separation and/or removal of pollutants in water or air and various approaches developed based on adsorption theory and principles. To apply the sorption technique with enhanced efficiency, numerous advanced functional materials have been developed along with efforts to improve conventional materials with various modification techniques. In this Special Issue, authors are invited to describe various aspects of sorption-related issues with respect to material chemistry/engineering, environmental/energy fields, and many other associated fields that employ sorbent materials and techniques.

Prof. Dr. Ki-Hyun Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • novel/functional materials
  • adsorption
  • removal
  • pollutants
  • environment
  • energy

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3984 KiB  
Article
Novel Hydroxyapatite Beads for the Adsorption of Radionuclides from Decommissioned Nuclear Power Plant Sites
by Thi Nhung Tran, Junho Kim, Joo-Sung Park, Youngkun Chung, Jaemun Han, Seungjun Oh and Seoktae Kang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041746 - 16 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3483
Abstract
Although a powdered form of hydroxyapatite (p-HdA) has been studied for the adsorption of heavy metals that contaminate the restoration sites of decommissioned nuclear power plants, most of the studies are limited in the laboratory due to the head loss and post-separation in [...] Read more.
Although a powdered form of hydroxyapatite (p-HdA) has been studied for the adsorption of heavy metals that contaminate the restoration sites of decommissioned nuclear power plants, most of the studies are limited in the laboratory due to the head loss and post-separation in practical applications. Herein, we fabricated a porous bead form of HdA (b-HdA) as a novel adsorbent for removing radionuclides from aqueous environments via a facile synthesis by mixing the p-HdA precursor and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as a binder and added a sintering process for the final production of a porous structure. The spherical b-HdA with an approximate diameter of 2.0 mm was successfully fabricated. The effectiveness of the b-HdA at removing Co(II) was investigated via the adsorption equilibrium at various experimental temperatures. The b-HdA exhibited the adsorption capacity for Co(II) ions with a maximum of 7.73 and 11.35 mg/g at 293 K and 313 K, respectively. The experimental kinetic data were well described using a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption mechanisms of Co(II) onto the b-HdA were revealed to be a chemisorption process with intraparticle diffusion being the rate-limiting step. In addition, the competitive adsorption onto the b-HdA with the order of U(VI) > Co(II) > Ni(II) > Sr(II) > Cs(I) was also observed in the multi-radionuclides system. Considering the advantages of the size, applicability to the continuous-flow column, and the easy separation from treated water, the b-HdA can be an excellent absorbent with high potential for practical applications for removing radionuclides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ)
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18 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
Efficient Mercury Removal at Ultralow Metal Concentrations by Cysteine Functionalized Carbon-Coated Magnetite
by Assadawoot Srikhaow, Teera Butburee, Weeraphat Pon-On, Toemsak Srikhirin, Kanchana Uraisin, Komkrit Suttiponpanit, Suwilai Chaveanghong and Siwaporn Meejoo Smith
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(22), 8262; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228262 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2928
Abstract
This work reports the preparation and utility of cysteine-functionalized carbon-coated Fe3O4 materials (Cys-C@Fe3O4) as efficient sorbents for remediation of Hg(II)-contaminated water. Efficient removal (90%) of Hg(II) from 1000 ppb aqueous solutions is possible, at very low [...] Read more.
This work reports the preparation and utility of cysteine-functionalized carbon-coated Fe3O4 materials (Cys-C@Fe3O4) as efficient sorbents for remediation of Hg(II)-contaminated water. Efficient removal (90%) of Hg(II) from 1000 ppb aqueous solutions is possible, at very low Cys-C@Fe3O4 sorbent loadings (0.01 g sorbent per liter of Hg(II) solution). At low metal concentrations (5–100 ppb Hg(II)), where adsorption is typically slow, Hg(II) removal efficiencies of 94–99.4% were achievable, resulting in final Hg(II) levels of <1.0 ppb. From adsorption isotherms, the Hg(II) adsorption capacity for Cys-C@Fe3O4 is 94.33 mg g−1, around three times that of carbon-coated Fe3O4 material. The highest partition coefficient (PC) of 2312.5 mgg−1µM−1 was achieved at the initial Hg (II) concentration of 100 ppb, while significantly high PC values of 300 mgg−1µM−1 and above were also obtained in the ultralow concentration range (≤20 ppb). Cys-C@Fe3O4 exhibits excellent selectivity for Hg(II) when tested in the presence of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) ions, is easily separable from aqueous media by application of an external magnet, and can be regenerated for three subsequent uses without compromising Hg(II) uptake. Derived from commercially available raw materials, it is highly possible to achieve large-scale production of the functional sorbent for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ)
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13 pages, 1093 KiB  
Article
Paper Sludge Carbon as an Adsorbent for Fukushima Radiocontaminated Paddy Soil
by Ai Van Tran and Makoto Yanaga
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(18), 6471; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10186471 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2070
Abstract
Radiocontaminated soil in a paddy field in the Iitate village in Fukushima was treated with an industrial paper sludge carbon (PSC) prior to growing rice in May 2011. The results showed that the sum of the activity concentrations of 134Cs and 137 [...] Read more.
Radiocontaminated soil in a paddy field in the Iitate village in Fukushima was treated with an industrial paper sludge carbon (PSC) prior to growing rice in May 2011. The results showed that the sum of the activity concentrations of 134Cs and 137Cs in the polished rice harvested in October 2011 was 30 Bq·kg−1, a level much lower than the Japanese governmental safeguard value of 100 Bq·kg−1. Upon contacting with the contaminated soil, the contents of calcium, magnesium, copper, potassium, and barium in the PSC were decreased. Among the PSCs impregnated with various chlorides and sulfates of the previously mentioned minerals, potassium chloride, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and potassium sulfate yielded higher decontamination degrees compared to the original PSC. The results imply that radioactive cesium in the soil exchanges cations with these minerals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ)
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16 pages, 2487 KiB  
Article
Activated Carbon from Spent Coffee Grounds: A Good Competitor of Commercial Carbons for Water Decontamination
by Egle Rosson, Francesco Garbo, Giovanni Marangoni, Roberta Bertani, Maria Cristina Lavagnolo, Elisa Moretti, Aldo Talon, Mirto Mozzon and Paolo Sgarbossa
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(16), 5598; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10165598 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6676
Abstract
In the framework of the circular economy, spent coffee grounds were converted into powdered activated carbon by means of pyrolysis, using potassium hydroxide as the activating agent. Its adsorption capacity on a panel of phenolic compounds was compared with those of two commercial [...] Read more.
In the framework of the circular economy, spent coffee grounds were converted into powdered activated carbon by means of pyrolysis, using potassium hydroxide as the activating agent. Its adsorption capacity on a panel of phenolic compounds was compared with those of two commercial powdered activated carbons, after preliminary studies on organic dyes with different ionic properties, to assess the affinity between adsorbates and adsorbents. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were carried out, together with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. They were useful to calculate the breakthrough at 5%, 10%, and 50% of adsorption and the partition coefficients for the comparison of performance between different sorbent systems in a less biased manner (e.g., reducing bias associated with operational settings like sorbate concentration and sorbents dosage). The results showed that the removal efficiency for SCGs-AC was comparable with that of the commercial activated carbons with the highest partition coefficients for methylene blue (12,455 mg/g/μM, adsorption capacity = 179 mg/g) and 3-chlorophenol (81.53 mg/g/μM, adsorption capacity = 3765 mg/g). The lower efficiency in bromothymol blue and bisphenol-A adsorption was due to its different morphology and surface properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ)
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24 pages, 6044 KiB  
Article
Removal of Chromium(VI) by Chitosan Beads Modified with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS)
by Xiaoyu Du, Chihiro Kishima, Haixin Zhang, Naoto Miyamoto and Naoki Kano
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(14), 4745; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10144745 - 9 Jul 2020
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4663
Abstract
In this study, chitosan beads modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were successfully synthesized and employed for the removal of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)). The adsorption performance of the adsorbent (SDS-chitosan beads) was examined by batch experiments. The partition coefficient (PC) as well as the [...] Read more.
In this study, chitosan beads modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were successfully synthesized and employed for the removal of chromium(VI) (Cr(VI)). The adsorption performance of the adsorbent (SDS-chitosan beads) was examined by batch experiments. The partition coefficient (PC) as well as the adsorption capacity were evaluated to assess the true performance of the adsorbent in this work. The adsorbent (SDS-chitosan beads) showed a maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 3.23 mg·g−1 and PC of 9.5 mg·g−1·mM−1 for Cr(VI). The prepared adsorbent was characterized by different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for the determination of Cr(VI) in solution. The experimental data could be well-fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. The thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process was favorable under the higher temperature condition. The SDS-modified chitosan beads synthesized in this work represent a promising adsorbent for removing Cr(VI). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced or Conventional Materials as Sorbent Ⅱ)
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