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Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture
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Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 15525

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jaeyoon Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Resources, College of Industrial Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
Interests: gene expression; plant transformation; genome editing; abiotic-stress-tolerant crops; molecular breeding in wheat; plant biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant biotechnology is a set of techniques used to modify plants for specific needs or opportunities for mankind that can be applied in agronomy to advance genetic traits and the genetic background in crop science. Plant biotechnology also involves breeding plants to improve various crop traits, such as yield, quality, heat and drought resistance, resistance to diseases, and herbicide and insect resistance, increase biomass for biofuel production, and enhance the nutritional quality of crops. Against this background, we invite pre-eminent scientists working on plant biotechnology in agricultural areas across the world to contribute high-quality original research papers, critical reviews, and opinion articles to this Special Issue on “Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture”. This Special Issue’s scope includes research in functional genomics, comparative genomics, plant molecular biology, mutagenesis and polyploidy, protoplast applications, molecular marker development, RNA interference, transgenic plants, and genome editing. Preference will be given to studies presenting results that provide significant new insights into biotechnology and that advance our understanding of expression mechanisms, functions, or regulation.

Dr. Jaeyoon Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • molecular breeding
  • transcriptome
  • function of target genes
  • plant gene regulation
  • molecular genetics
  • molecular markers
  • genome editing
  • transgenic plants
  • expression mechanisms

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1984 KiB  
Article
Biological Effect of Gamma Rays According to Exposure Time on Germination and Plant Growth in Wheat
by Min Jeong Hong, Dae Yeon Kim, Yeong Deuk Jo, Hong-Il Choi, Joon-Woo Ahn, Soon-Jae Kwon, Sang Hoon Kim, Yong Weon Seo and Jin-Baek Kim
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3208; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063208 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5040
Abstract
Gamma rays as a type of ionizing radiation constitute a physical mutagen that induces mutations and could be effectively used in plant breeding. To compare the effects of gamma and ionizing irradiation according to exposure time in common wheat (Keumgang, IT 213100), seeds [...] Read more.
Gamma rays as a type of ionizing radiation constitute a physical mutagen that induces mutations and could be effectively used in plant breeding. To compare the effects of gamma and ionizing irradiation according to exposure time in common wheat (Keumgang, IT 213100), seeds were exposed to 60Co gamma rays at different dose rates. To evaluate the amount of free radical content, we used electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Significantly more free radicals were generated in the case of long-term compared with short-term gamma-ray exposure at the same dose of radiation. Under short-term exposure, shoot and root lengths were slightly reduced compared with those of the controls, whereas long-term exposure caused severe growth inhibition. The expression of antioxidant-related and DNA-repair-related genes was significantly decreased under long-term gamma-ray exposure. Long-term exposure caused higher radiosensitivity than short-term exposure. The results of this study could help plant breeders select an effective mutagenic induction dose rate in wheat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture)
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13 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
The Structure of T-DNA Insertions in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Producing Bovine Interferon-Gamma
by Mikhail Burlakovskiy, Natalia Saveleva, Andrey M. Rumyantsev, Vladislav V. Yemelyanov, Marina V. Padkina and Ludmila Lutova
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020761 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
Many of the most modern drugs are of a protein nature and are synthesized by transgenic producer organisms. Bacteria, yeast, or animal cell cultures are commonly used, but plants have a number of advantages—minimal biomass unit cost, animal safety (plants are not attacked [...] Read more.
Many of the most modern drugs are of a protein nature and are synthesized by transgenic producer organisms. Bacteria, yeast, or animal cell cultures are commonly used, but plants have a number of advantages—minimal biomass unit cost, animal safety (plants are not attacked by mammalian pathogens), the agricultural scale of production, and the ability to produce complex proteins. A disadvantage of plants may be an unstable level of transgene expression, which depends on the transgene structure and its insertion site. We analyzed the structure of T-DNA inserts in transgenic tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum L.) belonging to two lines obtained using the same genetic construct but demonstrating different biological activities of the recombinant protein (bovine interferon-gamma). We found that, in one case, T-DNA was integrated into genomic DNA in the region of centromeric repeats, and in the other, into a transcriptionally active region of the genome. It was also found that in one case, the insert has a clustered structure and consists of three copies. Thus, the structure of T-DNA inserts in both lines is not optimal (the optimal structure includes a single copy of the insert located in the active region of the genome). It is desirable to carry out such studies at the early stages of transgenic plants selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture)
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13 pages, 1798 KiB  
Article
Transcriptome Analysis Identified Candidate Genes Involved in Fruit Body Development under Blue Light in Lentinula edodes
by Dae Yeon Kim, Myoung-Jun Jang, Youn-Jin Park and Jae Yoon Kim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(15), 6997; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156997 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2074
Abstract
Lentinula edodes is an edible mushroom that is rich in polysaccharides, glucan, and lentinan. It is famous for its earthy, sweet, umami flavor, and is used in various foods all over the world. Although Lentinula edodes does not carry out photosynthesis with light, [...] Read more.
Lentinula edodes is an edible mushroom that is rich in polysaccharides, glucan, and lentinan. It is famous for its earthy, sweet, umami flavor, and is used in various foods all over the world. Although Lentinula edodes does not carry out photosynthesis with light, its fruit body development is regulated by light. In this study, we analyzed the morphological changes of L. edodes strain Sanjo701ho and identified the global gene expression patterns using EdgeR of fruit body development under blue light. The phenotype analysis under different light sources revealed that the pileus diameter grew, while the stipe length was suppressed under blue light. To understand the changes in the transcriptome under different light sources in L. edodes, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), KOG functional categories, and KEGG pathways were used and compared to the no-light condition. Lignocellulose, CAZyme, and transcription factor classified DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified to better understand the significant DEGs affected by light sources in the synthesis, metabolism, and recognition of complex carbohydrates. Six glycoside hydrolases (GHs), four auxiliary activities (AAs), three carbohydrate esterases (CEs), and glycosyltransferases (GTs) were identified as upregulated in the CAZyme DEGs. Furthermore, four β-glucosidase, one glucose oxidase, and one multicopper oxidase-related gene for lignocellulolytic genes were upregulated in the blue light condition, and AT_hook transcription factor, CBFD_NFYB_HMF transcription factor, HMG_box transcription factor, and fungal specific transcription factor were upregulated in the blue light condition. This study helps us understand fruit body development in mushroom-breeding programs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture)
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13 pages, 1771 KiB  
Article
RNA-Seq Analysis of Gene Expression Changes Related to Delay of Flowering Time under Drought Stress in Tropical Maize
by Kyung-Hee Kim, Kitae Song, Jeong-Min Park, Jae-Yoon Kim and Byung-Moo Lee
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4273; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094273 - 8 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2801
Abstract
Few studies have reported on the flowering time mechanism of tropical maize under short-day conditions. Drought, another important factor that affects flowering time, has been reported to delay the silking date in tropical maize. However, due to the lack of genetic information related [...] Read more.
Few studies have reported on the flowering time mechanism of tropical maize under short-day conditions. Drought, another important factor that affects flowering time, has been reported to delay the silking date in tropical maize. However, due to the lack of genetic information related to flowering in maize, the mechanism by which drought delays flowering is unclear. To further understand this process, we analyzed drought-responsive genes using RNA sequencing and identified genes related to flowering time, including contigs from de novo assembly. The results revealed changes in the expression of flowering-time genes, including INDETERMINATE1 (ID1), Heading date 3a (Hd3a), CONSTANS-like genes, and ZEA MAYS CENTRORADIALES8 (ZCN8), which are known to be crucial factors in flowering. In particular, Hd3a, CONZ1, and ZCN8, which have been reported to accelerate flowering under short-day conditions, were downregulated by drought stress. Changes in gene expression appear to play an important role in changes in flowering time under drought. These expression profiles will help to further understand the flowering-time genes of tropical maize and the delayed flowering time resulting from drought. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture)
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14 pages, 4298 KiB  
Article
Differential Expression Analysis of Phytohormone-Related Genes of Korean Wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Response to Preharvest Sprouting and Abscisic Acid (ABA)
by Yong Jin Lee, Sang Yong Park, Dae Yeon Kim and Jae Yoon Kim
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3562; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083562 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2452
Abstract
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is a key global issue in production and end-use quality of cereals, particularly in regions where the rainfall season overlaps the harvest. To investigate transcriptomic changes in genes affected by PHS-induction and ABA-treatment, RNA-seq analysis was performed in two wheat [...] Read more.
Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is a key global issue in production and end-use quality of cereals, particularly in regions where the rainfall season overlaps the harvest. To investigate transcriptomic changes in genes affected by PHS-induction and ABA-treatment, RNA-seq analysis was performed in two wheat cultivars that differ in PHS tolerance. A total of 123 unigenes related to hormone metabolism and signaling for abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and cytokinin were identified and 1862 of differentially expressed genes were identified and divided into 8 groups by transcriptomic analysis. DEG analysis showed the majority of genes were categorized in sugar related processes, which interact with ABA signaling in PHS tolerant cultivar under PHS-induction. Thus, genes related to ABA are key regulators of dormancy and germination. Our results give insight into global changes in expression of plant hormone related genes in response to PHS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotechnology in Agriculture)
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