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Applied Sciences
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Novel Applications of Plasma Techniques for the Environment
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Novel Applications of Plasma Techniques for the Environment

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 10681

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariusz Jasiński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: development of microwave plasma sources; plasma diagnostics; applications of atmospheric pressure microwave plasmas; application of microwave plasma sources for hydrogen production; application of microwave plasma sources for destruction of harmful gases; application of microwave plasma for treatment of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue of Applied Sciences is to provide a description of devices and processes related to plasma applications for the environment. Discharge plasmas comprise mixtures of photons, electrons, and ions, but may also contain neutral atoms and molecules. The concept of plasma includes media with vastly different properties. Readers interested in this modern field of science and technology are invited to enjoy this new collection of articles, which will certainly stir the curiosity of both scientists and engineers interested in plasma applications for the environment. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences is remarkable in this period of change in the approach to environmental protection.

Dr. Mariusz Jasiński
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • plasma techniques for treatment of harmful gases
  • applications of plasma techniques for CO2 utilization
  • applications of plasmas for H2 production
  • applications of plasma techniques to obtain environmentally friendly materials
  • other issues related to the application of plasma techniques for the environment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 9525 KiB  
Article
Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by a Parallel-Plate Plasma Reactor: Experiments and 2-D Modelling
by Ali Barkhordari, Saeed Karimian, Antonio Rodero, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, Seyed Iman Mirzaei and Amir Falahat
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 10047; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112110047 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2241
Abstract
The applicability of high voltage electrical discharges for the decomposition of CO2 has been extensively demonstrated. In this study, a new AC parallel-plate plasma reactor is presented which was designed for this purpose. Detailed experimental characterization and simulation of this reactor were [...] Read more.
The applicability of high voltage electrical discharges for the decomposition of CO2 has been extensively demonstrated. In this study, a new AC parallel-plate plasma reactor is presented which was designed for this purpose. Detailed experimental characterization and simulation of this reactor were performed. Gas chromatography of the exhaust gases enabled calculation of the CO2 conversion and energy efficiency. A conversion factor approximating 25% was obtained which is higher in comparison to existing plasma sources. Optical emission spectroscopy enabled the determination of the emission intensities of atoms and molecules inside the plasma and characterization of the discharge. The Stark broadening of the Balmer hydrogen line Hβ was used for the estimation of the electron density. The obtained densities were of the order of 5 × 1014 cm−3 which indicates that the electron kinetic energy dominated the discharge. The rotational, vibrational, and excitation temperatures were determined from the vibro-rotational band of the OH radical. A 2-temperature plasma was found where the estimated electron temperatures (~18,000 K) were higher than the gas temperatures (~2000 K). Finally, a 2-D model using the fluid equations was developed for determining the main processes in the CO2 splitting. The solution to this model, using the finite element method, gave the temporal and spatial behaviors of the formed species densities, the electric potential, and the temperatures of electrons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Applications of Plasma Techniques for the Environment)
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Review

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30 pages, 4519 KiB  
Review
Applications of Plasma Produced with Electrical Discharges in Gases for Agriculture and Biomedicine
by Henryka Danuta Stryczewska and Oleksandr Boiko
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4405; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094405 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4898
Abstract
The use of thermal and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to solve problems related to agriculture and biomedicine is the focus of this paper. Plasma in thermal equilibrium is used where heat is required. In agriculture, it is used to treat soil and land [...] Read more.
The use of thermal and non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma to solve problems related to agriculture and biomedicine is the focus of this paper. Plasma in thermal equilibrium is used where heat is required. In agriculture, it is used to treat soil and land contaminated by the products of biomass, plastics, post-hospital and pharmaceutical waste combustion, and also by ecological phenomena that have recently been observed, such as droughts, floods and storms, leading to environmental pollution. In biomedical applications, thermal plasma is used in so-called indirect living tissue treatment. The sources of thermal plasma are arcs, plasma torches and microwave plasma reactors. In turn, atmospheric pressure cold (non-thermal) plasma is applied in agriculture and biomedicine where heat adversely affects technological processes. The thermodynamic imbalance of cold plasma makes it suitable for organic syntheses due its low power requirements and the possibility of conducting chemical reactions in gas at relatively low and close to ambient temperatures. It is also suitable in the treatment of living tissues and sterilisation of medical instruments made of materials that are non-resistant to high temperatures. Non-thermal and non-equilibrium discharges at atmospheric pressure that include dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) and atmospheric pressure plasma jets (APPJs), as well as gliding arc (GAD), can be the source of cold plasma. This paper presents an overview of agriculture and soil protection problems and biomedical and health protection problems that can be solved with the aid of plasma produced with electrical discharges. In particular, agricultural processes related to water, sewage purification with ozone and with advanced oxidation processes, as well as those related to contaminated soil treatment and pest control, are presented. Among the biomedical applications of cold plasma, its antibacterial activity, wound healing, cancer treatment and dental problems are briefly discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Applications of Plasma Techniques for the Environment)
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Other

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6 pages, 203 KiB  
Perspective
Applications of Thermal Plasmas for the Environment
by Guido Van Oost
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7185; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147185 - 17 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2596
Abstract
Thermal processing such as incineration is most commonly used for the treatment of waste streams, whereby often-incomplete combustion of organic waste can lead to dangerous products in the exhaust gases. Thermal plasma technology with its wide temperature range is suitable to treat almost [...] Read more.
Thermal processing such as incineration is most commonly used for the treatment of waste streams, whereby often-incomplete combustion of organic waste can lead to dangerous products in the exhaust gases. Thermal plasma technology with its wide temperature range is suitable to treat almost any chemical composition of wastes. It enables the efficient and environmentally friendly conversion of organic waste into energy or chemicals, as well as the pyrolysis of hazardous organic compounds The limitations of conventional technologies and stricter environmental legislation on the processing of wastes make plasma technologies increasingly attractive. Priority is given to environmental quality at affordable costs and to the use of innovative thermochemical conversion technologies (gasification and pyrolysis) to contribute to sustainable development and circular economy in which waste is managed as a resource. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Applications of Plasma Techniques for the Environment)
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