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Applied Sciences
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Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales
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Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Acoustics and Vibrations".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2019) | Viewed by 16819

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Theodore E. Matikas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Interests: nondestructive techniques for damage assessment and life prediction of engineering materials and structures; structural helth monitoring; infrared thermography; ultrasonics; nonlinear acoustics; acoustic emission; fiber bragg gradings; vibrometry; metal matrix and ceramic matrix composites; cement based materials; coatings; nano-structured materials; multi-functional and intelligeant materials; smart sersors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dimitrios Aggelis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: structural health monitoring (shm); non-destructive evaluation (nde); acoustic emission (ae); ultrasonic testing (ut); scattering; dispersion; attenuation; material evaluation; concrete
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Elastic waves are commonly applied in a non-destructive methodology to evaluate mechanical properties, damage states, and material condition. Features related to the propagation of elastic waves show high sensitivity to material condition, either in the form of wave velocities and attenuation or more delicate features such as non-linearity and dispersion. More specifically, surface waves possess the advantage of limited geometric spreading, and are therefore suitable for a large number of applications where the surface properties and condition of materials are of interest. Applications vary from acoustic microscopy for detailed mapping of the material surface and subsurface on the micro-scale (nm to µm) to crack detection in metal components or concrete on the intermediate scale (mm to cm). They are also widely applied at the macro-scale (m), for example for soil characterization, vibration control, or assessing infrastructure. While surface waves may be used in all cases, data processing and analysis may differ significantly depending on the length scale.

This Special Issue of Applied Sciences on “Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales” intends to explore new trends for the application of surface waves at different length scales, welcoming high-quality papers on the following basic topics:

  • The use of surface waves for the monitoring of innovative materials
  • New data processing and analysis methodologies
  • Innovative experimental applications of Rayleigh waves
  • Theoretical and numerical studies of wave propagation
  • Characterization of mechanical properties and stiffness
  • Polarization of surface waves
  • Non-linear Rayleigh waves
  • Characterization of distributed heterogeneity and layered media
  • Advances in scanning acoustic microscopy
  • Advances in soil characterization

Prof. Theodore E. Matikas
Prof. Dimitrios G. Aggelis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rayleigh waves
  • elastic wave propagation
  • ultrasound
  • scattering
  • metals
  • ceramics
  • concrete
  • soil
  • composites
  • adhesive bonds
  • layered media
  • heterogeneity
  • damage
  • mechanical properties
  • nonlinearity
  • dispersion

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3877 KiB  
Article
Potential Use of Time-Lapse Surface Seismics for Monitoring Thawing of the Terrestrial Arctic
by Helene Meling Stemland, Tor Arne Johansen and Bent Ole Ruud
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(5), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051875 - 9 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2797
Abstract
The terrestrial Arctic is warming rapidly, causing changes in the degree of freezing of the upper sediments, which the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sediments strongly depend upon. This study investigates the potential of using time-lapse surface seismics to monitor thawing of currently (partly) [...] Read more.
The terrestrial Arctic is warming rapidly, causing changes in the degree of freezing of the upper sediments, which the mechanical properties of unconsolidated sediments strongly depend upon. This study investigates the potential of using time-lapse surface seismics to monitor thawing of currently (partly) frozen ground utilizing synthetic and real seismic data. First, we construct a simple geological model having an initial temperature of −5 °C, and infer constant surface temperatures of −5 °C, +1 °C, +5 °C, and +10 °C for four years to this model. The geological models inferred by the various thermal regimes are converted to seismic models using rock physics modeling and subsequently seismic modeling based on wavenumber integration. Real seismic data reflecting altered surface temperatures were acquired by repeated experiments in the Norwegian Arctic during early autumn to mid-winter. Comparison of the surface wave characteristics of both synthetic and real seismic data reveals time-lapse effects that are related to thawing caused by varying surface temperatures. In particular, the surface wave dispersion is sensitive to the degree of freezing in unconsolidated sediments. This demonstrates the potential of using surface seismics for Arctic climate monitoring, but inversion of dispersion curves and knowledge of the local near-surface geology is important for such studies to be conclusive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales)
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13 pages, 2467 KiB  
Article
Scattering of Surface Waves by a Three-Dimensional Cavity of Arbitrary Shape: Analytical and Experimental Studies
by Jaesun Lee, VanTrung Ngo, Haidang Phan, TruongGiang Nguyen, Duy Kien Dao and Younho Cho
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(24), 5459; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245459 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2986
Abstract
The scattering of surface waves by a three-dimensional shallow cavity of arbitrary shape at the surface of a homogenous, isotropic, linearly elastic half-space is theoretically investigated. A novel analytical approach based on a reciprocity consideration is introduced in this article to determine the [...] Read more.
The scattering of surface waves by a three-dimensional shallow cavity of arbitrary shape at the surface of a homogenous, isotropic, linearly elastic half-space is theoretically investigated. A novel analytical approach based on a reciprocity consideration is introduced in this article to determine the particle displacements of the scattered wave field generated by the interaction between the surface waves and the cavity. In the usual manner, the scattered field was shown to be equivalent to the radiation from the distribution of tractions, calculated from the incident wave, on the surface of the cavity. The radiation of surface waves subjected to the computed tractions applied at a single location was found using reciprocity theorems. The field scattered by the cavity was subsequently obtained from the superposition of displacements due to all the forces applied on the cavity surface. Solutions for the scattering of surface waves by a spherical, a circular cylindrical (coin-shaped) and a square cylindrical cavity are presented in detail. We here derive the closed-form expressions of the displacement amplitudes, which represent the far-field scattered waves produced by each of the cavities. An experimental setup using the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique was then carried out to record the scattered echoes of surface waves from these cavities in order to provide practical validation of the analytical findings. The vertical displacements measured at a significant distance of about twenty-five wavelengths from the cavities of the same width and different depth were compared with the corresponding theoretical predictions. The comparisons show excellent agreement for the case of a spherical cavity and good agreement in the cases of a circular and a cylindrical cavity in terms of trends and magnitudes. It is followed by a discussion on the results of the comparison and the limitations of the proposed approach regarding the degree of smoothness and the size of cavity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales)
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21 pages, 1809 KiB  
Article
A MATLAB Package for Calculating Partial Derivatives of Surface-Wave Dispersion Curves by a Reduced Delta Matrix Method
by Dunshi Wu, Xiaowei Wang, Qin Su and Tao Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(23), 5214; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9235214 - 30 Nov 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 6995
Abstract
Various surface-wave exploration methods have become increasingly important tools in investigating the properties of subsurface structures. Inversion of the experimental dispersion curves is generally an indispensable component of these methods. Accurate and reliable calculation of partial derivatives of surface-wave dispersion curves with respect [...] Read more.
Various surface-wave exploration methods have become increasingly important tools in investigating the properties of subsurface structures. Inversion of the experimental dispersion curves is generally an indispensable component of these methods. Accurate and reliable calculation of partial derivatives of surface-wave dispersion curves with respect to parameters of subsurface layers is critical to the success of these approaches if the linearized inversion strategies are adopted. Here we present an open-source MATLAB package, named SWPD (Surface Wave Partial Derivative), for modeling surface-wave (both Rayleigh- and Love-wave) dispersion curves (both phase and group velocity) and particularly for computing their partial derivatives with high precision. The package is able to compute partial derivatives of phase velocity and of Love-wave group velocity analytically based on the combined use of the reduced delta matrix theory and the implicit function theorem. For partial derivatives of Rayleigh-wave group velocity, a hemi-analytical method is presented, which analytically calculates all the first-order partial differentiations and approximates the mixed second-order partial differentiation term with a central difference scheme. We provide examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of this package, and demo scripts are also provided for users to reproduce all results of this paper and thus to become familiar with the package as quickly as possible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales)
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11 pages, 4629 KiB  
Article
Contactless Ultrasonic Wavefield Imaging to Visualize Near-Surface Damage in Concrete Elements
by Homin Song and John S. Popovics
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(15), 3005; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9153005 - 26 Jul 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3112
Abstract
We present work to detect and visualize near-surface damage in concrete using contactless ultrasonic wavefield imaging technology. A fully contactless ultrasonic scanning system that utilizes a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) ultrasonic microphone array is used to collect ultrasonic surface wave data from a concrete [...] Read more.
We present work to detect and visualize near-surface damage in concrete using contactless ultrasonic wavefield imaging technology. A fully contactless ultrasonic scanning system that utilizes a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) ultrasonic microphone array is used to collect ultrasonic surface wave data from a concrete sample. The obtained wavefield data sets are processed with a frequency-wavenumber (f-k) domain wavefield filtering approach to extract non-propagating oscillatory fields set up by near-surface concrete cracking damage. The experimental results demonstrate that near-surface concrete damage can be detected and visualized using the proposed ultrasonic wavefield imaging approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Waves for Monitoring of Materials at Different Scales)
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