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Smart Fabrics Technologies and Applications
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Smart Fabrics Technologies and Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2018) | Viewed by 27374

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Andreoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technology and Design for Healthcare Laboratory, Dipartimento di Design, Politecnico di Milano, Via Durando 38/A, 20158 Milano, Italy
Interests: wearable sensors; ergonomics; design for health; user-centered design; technologies for health; bioengineering; rehabilitation; assistive technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Smart garments and their related technologies started about 20 years ago; nowadays, they are exploited into several applications. Today, clothes are able to measure signals, process data, communicate information, perform actions, provide protection against electrical, thermal, fire, or other agents, i.e., they are essential in several applications. These solutions belong to the more general category of wearable systems, which are smart integrated systems close to, or in contact with, the human body, and that are able to measure, process and transmit biomedical, physical and chemical data or parameters, and/or execute mechanical actions if necessary. They also integrate advanced technical fabrics and innovative processes for fabric functionalization, e.g., creation of flexible circuits, embroidery with conductive fibres, conductive ink printing, coupling different textile layers, etc.

Smart fabrics and clothes integrate a multifactorial and multi-technological complexity: Each element is essential, even in its extreme simplicity: Sensors; Actuators; Materials; Wireless communication; Power supply; Computing resources; User interface; Algorithms for data processing; Connectors; Sensors washability and stability; Sensors position in body (in relation to activities, tasks, signals and anthropometry); Elasticity and adherence.

In this task, multidisciplinarity is the keyword for a complete development of smart fabric solutions.

This Special Issue aims to build and share a common vision, state-of-the-art knowledge and applications, new research frontiers, and challenges in Smart Fabrics Technologies and Applications.

Dr. Giuseppe Andreoni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Smart fabrics

  • Sensorized garments

  • Technical Textiles and fibers

  • Textile embedded technologies

  • Healthcare

  • Sport

  • Lifestyle

  • Workplace ergonomics and safety

  • Wearable systems

  • Responsive clothes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6206 KiB  
Article
Palpreast—A New Wearable Device for Breast Self-Examination
by Lucia Arcarisi, Licia Di Pietro, Nicola Carbonaro, Alessandro Tognetti, Arti Ahluwalia and Carmelo De Maria
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030381 - 22 Jan 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6077
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Although targeted screening programs using mammography have facilitated earlier detection and improved treatment has resulted in a significant reduction in mortality, some negative aspects related to cost, the availability of trained staff, [...] Read more.
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Although targeted screening programs using mammography have facilitated earlier detection and improved treatment has resulted in a significant reduction in mortality, some negative aspects related to cost, the availability of trained staff, the duration of the procedure, and its non-generalizability to all women must be taken into consideration. Breast palpation is a simple non-invasive procedure that can be performed by lay individuals for detecting possible malignant nodules in the breast. It is a simple test, based on the haptic perception of different stiffness between healthy and abnormal tissues. According to a survey we carried out, despite being safe and simple, breast self-examination is not carried by women because they are not confident of their ability to detect a lump. In this study, a non-invasive wearable device designed to mimic the process of breast self-examination using pressure sensing textiles and thus increase the confidence and self-awareness of women is proposed. Combined with other screening methods, the device can increase the odds of early detection for better prognosis. Here, we present the physical implementation of the device and a finite element analysis of the mechanics underlying its working principle. Characterization of the device using models of large and medium breast phantoms with rigid inclusions demonstrates that it can detect nodules in much the same way as does the human hand during breast self-examination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Fabrics Technologies and Applications)
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17 pages, 2890 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Relationship between Road Accidents and Psychophysical State of Drivers through Wearable Devices
by Luca Studer, Valeria Paglino, Paolo Gandini, Andrea Stelitano, Ulderico Triboli, Federica Gallo and Giuseppe Andreoni
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(8), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081230 - 26 Jul 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 10262
Abstract
A driver’s behavior and their psychophysical state are the most common causes of road accidents. The research presented in the paper proposes a method that allows the identification of highly dangerous road stretches/intersections in advance, based on the localization of stressful/relaxing situations measured [...] Read more.
A driver’s behavior and their psychophysical state are the most common causes of road accidents. The research presented in the paper proposes a method that allows the identification of highly dangerous road stretches/intersections in advance, based on the localization of stressful/relaxing situations measured on drivers. These were measured through the collection of physiological parameters using wearable devices. A correlation between stressful/relaxing situations and locations with high accident rates, based on a historical statistical database (black spots), was investigated. A series of driving tests was conducted in the city of Milan. The first set was mostly oriented to the research and validation of the parameters related to the driver’s psychophysical state. Subsequent tests allowed the definition of a correlation between black spots and relaxing/stressful areas. The results showed that the most stressful areas for drivers fell mainly within those with high accident rates. Furthermore, 80% of the most dangerous zones of the route were identified using this method, thus confirming the validity of the approach as a support tool for a priori preventive analysis for road safety. The wearable devices allowed the study and the integration of specific elements relating to human behavior in the field of road safety, which typically involves a technical-engineering approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Fabrics Technologies and Applications)
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16 pages, 1372 KiB  
Article
Validation of a Wearable IMU System for Gait Analysis: Protocol and Application to a New System
by Marcello Fusca, Francesco Negrini, Paolo Perego, Luciana Magoni, Franco Molteni and Giuseppe Andreoni
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(7), 1167; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8071167 - 18 Jul 2018
Cited by 68 | Viewed by 10202
Abstract
Miniaturized wearable Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) offer new opportunities for the functional assessment of motor functions for medicine, sport, and ergonomics. Sparse reliability validation studies have been conducted without a common specific approach and protocol. A set of guidelines to design validation protocol [...] Read more.
Miniaturized wearable Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) offer new opportunities for the functional assessment of motor functions for medicine, sport, and ergonomics. Sparse reliability validation studies have been conducted without a common specific approach and protocol. A set of guidelines to design validation protocol for these systems is proposed hereafter. They are based on the comparison between video analysis and the gold standard optoelectronic motion capture system for Gait Analysis (GA). A setup of the protocol has been applied to a wearable device implementing an inertial measurement unit and a dedicated harmonic oscillator kinematic model of the center of mass. In total, 10 healthy volunteers took part in the study, and four trials of walking at a self-selected speed and step length have been simultaneously recorded by the two systems, analyzed, and compared blindly (40 datasets). The model detects the steps and the foot which supports body weight. The stride time and the cadence have a mean absolute percentage error of 5.7% and 4.9%, respectively. The mean absolute percentage error in the measurement of step’s length and step’s speed is 5.6% and 13.5%, respectively. Results confirm that the proposed methodology is complete and effective. It is demonstrated that the developed wearable system allows for a reliable assessment of human gait spatio-temporal parameters. Therefore, the goal of this paper is threefold. The first goal is to present and define structured Protocol Design Guidelines, where the related setup is implemented for the validation of wearable IMU systems particularly dedicated to GA and gait monitoring. The second goal is to apply these Protocol Design Guidelines to a case study in order to verify their feasibility, user-friendliness, and efficacy. The third goal is the validation of our biomechanical kinematic model with the gold standard reference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Fabrics Technologies and Applications)
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