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Applied Sciences
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Laser Processing for Bioengineering Applications
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Laser Processing for Bioengineering Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2017) | Viewed by 36519

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dermot Brabazon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
2. Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre APT, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
3. I-Form Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, D04 C1P1 Dublin, Ireland
Interests: laser processing; material processing; material functionalisation; nanostructured materials; rapid prototyping; chromatography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Inam Ul Ahad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
Interests: nano-reinforced metal matrix composites; additive manufacturing; material forming; processing technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have the pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to the forthcoming Special Issue, "Laser processing for bioengineering", for the journal Applied Sciences (IF: 1.679). This Special Issue is covering a broad range of topics, from fundamental and applied research and development to industrial applications related to laser processing for applications in bioengineering. The interaction of intense, highly directional, coherent and monochromatic light beams with materials provide advanced material processing techniques, such as cutting, drilling, surface patterning, surface treatment, laser cladding/pulsed laser deposition, and rapid prototyping by laser sintering. The use of laser processing techniques offer excellent applications in bioengineering for therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and micro–nano surface structuring for controlled surface properties. For therapeutic purposes, lasers are currently used in ophthalmological surgeries and treatment of cancerous cells, gallstones, enlarged prostate glands, and lacrimal glands, etc. Using ultrashort femtosecond lasers, neurosurgical procedures are possible without heat dissipation to surrounding tissues. Laser sintering is used for patient specific custom orthopaedic, dental and cosmetic implants. Laser micromachining has resulted in the fabrication of microfluidic lab-on-chip devices for chemical and biological analyses.

In this Special Issue, the latest research and developments in laser processing for bioengineering applications will be presented. Research presenting the process map of parameter influence on resulting dimensional, mechanical, and therapeutic property optimization, including the effects of laser type, power, wavelength, pulse duration, repetition rate, and exposure time will be considered. New techniques and approaches of laser processing for bioengineering applications will be of particular interest. Fabrication of diagnostic devices by laser processing for clinical studies and pharmaceutical industry are relevant for this Special Issue. Should you need any further information about this Special Issue, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Dr. Dermot Brabazon
Dr. Inam Ul Ahad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser processing
  • bioengineering
  • therapeutics
  • surgery
  • diagnostics
  • orthopaedics
  • implants
  • cosmetic

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1116 KiB  
Article
Molecular Characterization and Theoretical Calculation of Plant Growth Regulators Based on Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
by Fangfang Qu, Lei Lin, Chengyong Cai, Tao Dong, Yong He and Pengcheng Nie
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(3), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8030420 - 12 Mar 2018
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4484
Abstract
Terahertz (THz), as an advanced spectral technology, has unique absorption characteristics for most biological macromolecules. In this work, the theoretical fundamentals for the application of THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to molecular characterization and fingerprint peak detection of three plant growth regulators (PGRs), including [...] Read more.
Terahertz (THz), as an advanced spectral technology, has unique absorption characteristics for most biological macromolecules. In this work, the theoretical fundamentals for the application of THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) to molecular characterization and fingerprint peak detection of three plant growth regulators (PGRs), including 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), forchlorfenuron (CPPU) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were researched. Meanwhile, the effects of eight types of window functions on THz spectra were studied when converting time-domain spectra into frequency-domain spectra by Fourier transform. Based on the optimal window function, the THz absorption coefficient and refractive index of PGRs in frequencies of 0.2–3 THz were extracted. The molecule structure and vibration mode of three PGR samples were simulated by using density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the three PGRs had different fingerprint peaks. Characteristic absorption and anomalous dispersion of 2,4-D were found at 1.35, 1.57 and 2.67 THz, those of CPPU were found at 1.77 and 2.44 THz, and the absorption peak of IAA was located at 2.5 THz. The absorption peaks obtained from THz spectra were identified according to the theoretical calculation results of DFT. These fingerprint peaks in THz spectra were generated by the interior stretching vibration and external deformation vibration of molecular groups. The experimental results revealed the feasibility of identifying PGRs species and detecting residues using THz-TDS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing for Bioengineering Applications)
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3425 KiB  
Article
Laser and Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Methods of Fabricating Titanium Bone Implants
by Bartłomiej Wysocki, Piotr Maj, Ryszard Sitek, Joseph Buhagiar, Krzysztof Jan Kurzydłowski and Wojciech Święszkowski
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(7), 657; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7070657 - 26 Jun 2017
Cited by 205 | Viewed by 18804
Abstract
Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods are generally used to produce an early sample or near net-shape elements based on three-dimensional geometrical modules. To date, publications on AM of metal implants have mainly focused on knee and hip replacements or bone scaffolds for tissue engineering. [...] Read more.
Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods are generally used to produce an early sample or near net-shape elements based on three-dimensional geometrical modules. To date, publications on AM of metal implants have mainly focused on knee and hip replacements or bone scaffolds for tissue engineering. The direct fabrication of metallic implants can be achieved by methods, such as Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Electron Beam Melting (EBM). This work compares the SLM and EBM methods used in the fabrication of titanium bone implants by analyzing the microstructure, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity. The SLM process was conducted in an environmental chamber using 0.4–0.6 vol % of oxygen to enhance the mechanical properties of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. SLM processed material had high anisotropy of mechanical properties and superior UTS (1246–1421 MPa) when compared to the EBM (972–976 MPa) and the wrought material (933–942 MPa). The microstructure and phase composition depended on the used fabrication method. The AM methods caused the formation of long epitaxial grains of the prior β phase. The equilibrium phases (α + β) and non-equilibrium α’ martensite was obtained after EBM and SLM, respectively. Although it was found that the heat transfer that occurs during the layer by layer generation of the component caused aluminum content deviations, neither methods generated any cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, in contrast to SLM, the EBM fabricated material met the ASTMF136 standard for surgical implant applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing for Bioengineering Applications)
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53813 KiB  
Article
Endoscopic Laser-Based 3D Imaging for Functional Voice Diagnostics
by Marion Semmler, Stefan Kniesburges, Jonas Parchent, Bernhard Jakubaß, Maik Zimmermann, Christopher Bohr, Anne Schützenberger and Michael Döllinger
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(6), 600; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7060600 - 9 Jun 2017
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6960
Abstract
Recently, we reported on the in vivo application of a miniaturized measuring device for 3D visualization of the superior vocal fold vibrations from high-speed recordings in combination with a laser projection unit (LPU). As a long-term vision for this proof of principle, we [...] Read more.
Recently, we reported on the in vivo application of a miniaturized measuring device for 3D visualization of the superior vocal fold vibrations from high-speed recordings in combination with a laser projection unit (LPU). As a long-term vision for this proof of principle, we strive to integrate the further developed laserendoscopy as a diagnostic method in daily clinical routine. The new LPU mainly comprises a Nd:YAG laser source (532 nm/CW/2 ω ) and a diffractive optical element (DOE) generating a regular laser grid (31 × 31 laser points) that is projected on the vocal folds. By means of stereo triangulation, the 3D coordinates of the laser points are reconstructed from the endoscopic high-speed footage. The new design of the laserendoscope constitutes a compromise between robust image processing and laser safety regulations. The algorithms for calibration and analysis are now optimized with respect to their overall duration and the number of required interactions, which is objectively assessed using binary classifiers. The sensitivity and specificity of the calibration procedure are increased by 40.1% and 22.3%, which is statistically significant. The overall duration for the laser point detection is reduced by 41.9%. The suggested semi-automatic reconstruction software represents an important stepping-stone towards potential real time processing and a comprehensive, objective diagnostic tool of evidence-based medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing for Bioengineering Applications)
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2906 KiB  
Article
Bioimaging Using Full Field and Contact EUV and SXR Microscopes with Nanometer Spatial Resolution
by Przemysław Wachulak, Alfio Torrisi, Mesfin Ayele, Joanna Czwartos, Andrzej Bartnik, Łukasz Węgrzyński, Tomasz Fok, Tomáš Parkman, Šárka Salačová, Jana Turňová, Michal Odstrčil and Henryk Fiedorowicz
Appl. Sci. 2017, 7(6), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/app7060548 - 26 May 2017
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5437
Abstract
We present our recent results, related to nanoscale imaging in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) spectral ranges and demonstrate three novel imaging systems recently developed for the purpose of obtaining high spatial resolution images of nanoscale objects with the EUV [...] Read more.
We present our recent results, related to nanoscale imaging in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft X-ray (SXR) spectral ranges and demonstrate three novel imaging systems recently developed for the purpose of obtaining high spatial resolution images of nanoscale objects with the EUV and SXR radiations. All the systems are based on laser-plasma EUV and SXR sources, employing a double stream gas puff target. The EUV and SXR full field microscopes—operating at 13.8 nm and 2.88 nm wavelengths, respectively—are currently capable of imaging nanostructures with a sub-50 nm spatial resolution with relatively short (seconds) exposure times. The third system is a SXR contact microscope, operating in the “water-window” spectral range (2.3–4.4 nm wavelength), to produce an imprint of the internal structure of the investigated object in a thin surface layer of SXR light sensitive poly(methyl methacrylate) photoresist. The development of such compact imaging systems is essential to the new research related to biological science, material science, and nanotechnology applications in the near future. Applications of all the microscopes for studies of biological samples including carcinoma cells, diatoms, and neurons are presented. Details about the sources, the microscopes, as well as the imaging results for various objects will be shown and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Processing for Bioengineering Applications)
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