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Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthobiologics Therapy—From Basic Science to Clinical Application

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 8428

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jan Zabrzyński

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Guest Editor
Department of General Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Oncology and Trauma Surgery, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Interests: shoulder; knee; arthroplasty; sports medicine; tendinopathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Gazi Huri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hacettepe Universitesi, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
Interests: orthopaedics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maciej Gagat

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: cytoskeleton; cell adhesion; cell-cell junctions; cell migration; endothelial dysfunction; cell death; cancer biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is devoted to presenting new trends of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) application in musculoskeletal disorders with regard to basic mechanisms and also histopathological, radiological, and clinical implications. Our understanding of PRP and MSC application on microscopic tissue alterations is still insufficient, and it may be the key to gaining knowledge about the complete recovery of musculoskeletal diseases. Likewise, an increasing number of studies have revealed functional improvements after this therapy. However, histopathological and radiological implications are usually deficiently presented. Thus, there is a need for continued progress in PRP and MSC research, validation of PRP and MSC preparation protocols, and correlation with histopathological changes in musculoskeletal pathologies.

Finally, all papers on novel clinical applications of PRP and MSCs, also in combination with other bioactive molecules, in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders are welcome, as are basic science and radiological studies.

Dr. Jan Zabrzyński
Prof. Dr. Gazi Huri
Prof. Dr. Maciej Gagat
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • PRP
  • tendinopathy
  • rotator cuff
  • orthobiology
  • inflammation
  • therapy

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 14151 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Decellularized Omentum Scaffold with Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet-Rich Plasma on Healing of Critical-Sized Bone Defect: A Rat Model
by Abdulsamet Emet, Erdi Ozdemir, Duygu Uckan Cetinkaya, Emine Kilic, Ramin Hashemihesar, Ali Celalettin Sinan Yuruker and Egemen Turhan
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10900; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210900 - 18 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1804
Abstract
The high costs and extensive time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects are still major clinical concerns in orthopedic surgery; therefore, researchers continue to look for more cost and time-effective methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of a decellularized [...] Read more.
The high costs and extensive time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects are still major clinical concerns in orthopedic surgery; therefore, researchers continue to look for more cost and time-effective methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical-sized bone defects. Wistar albino rats (n = 30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. No scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with PRP and omentum + mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group), 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In addition, omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells +PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among the groups. After the use of a decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells was maintained, and new bone formation occurred. When compared to the control group, radiological healing was significantly better (p = 0.047) in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups. Furthermore, histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum + PRP-treated groups than the control group (p = 0.001). The use of a decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthobiologics Therapy—From Basic Science to Clinical Application)
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Review

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15 pages, 505 KiB  
Review
Neovascularization in Meniscus and Tendon Pathology as a Potential Mechanism in Regenerative Therapies: Special Reference to Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment
by Dawid Szwedowski, Łukasz Jaworski, Wioleta Szwedowska, Przemysław Pękala and Maciej Gagat
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8310; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188310 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3504
Abstract
Neovascularization is a complex, multistep process that includes the activation of endothelial cells, degradation of the basement membrane surrounding the blood vessel, formation of tip cells, the sprouting, migration and proliferation of endothelial cells into the interstitial space, and then the generation of [...] Read more.
Neovascularization is a complex, multistep process that includes the activation of endothelial cells, degradation of the basement membrane surrounding the blood vessel, formation of tip cells, the sprouting, migration and proliferation of endothelial cells into the interstitial space, and then the generation of space in the matrix to allow for the formation of a new, proper lumen of a newly formed blood vessel. Abundant neovascularization can be found in tendinous tissue obtained from asymptomatic athletes or the meniscus early after the injury. The concept of neovascularization in musculoskeletal system disorders seems to be mainly associated with pain and poor clinical outcomes. On the one hand, this phenomenon allows for tissue regeneration, but on the other, it is present during the degeneration process in connective tissue. Establishing the current concept on neovascularization is also needed. A narrative review of the current literature was conducted using databases including Embase, PubMed and Cochrane. This review aims to investigate the exact role of the neovascularization process in tendon and meniscus lesions and its role as a potential target in clinics, specifically in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy. The stabilization of the neovessels required to achieve the healed tissue, together with the standardization of the PRP injections, can offer an alternative future therapeutic approach for the treatment of tendinopathy and meniscal injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthobiologics Therapy—From Basic Science to Clinical Application)
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Other

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15 pages, 781 KiB  
Systematic Review
Therapeutic Advances in Tendinopathy Quantified Microscopically Using Bonar Score, with a Special Reference to PRP Therapy—A Systematic Review of Experimental Studies
by Jan Zabrzyński, Maciej Gagat, Gazi Huri, Łukasz Łapaj, Łukasz Paczesny, Wioletta Zielińska, Maria Zabrzyńska, Dawid Szwedowski and Jacek Kruczyński
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 4973; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114973 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2373
Abstract
(1) Background: The Bonar scoring system serves in the microscopic evaluation of tendon pathology. However, it can be easily adapted to investigate decreasing degeneration after treatment and quantify the healing progress. We believe that there is an actual need for a connection between [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The Bonar scoring system serves in the microscopic evaluation of tendon pathology. However, it can be easily adapted to investigate decreasing degeneration after treatment and quantify the healing progress. We believe that there is an actual need for a connection between clinical observations and tissue alterations arising during the treatment process, to gain superior functional outcomes. Herein, we perform a systematic review of the Bonar score’s application in the histopathological assessment of therapeutic advances in tendinopathy, with special reference to PRP therapy. (2) Methods: A systematic review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The searching strategy was conducted across major databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Web of Science. The risk-of-bias assessment was made using the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Tool and SYRCLE. (3) Results: The searching strategy produced 807 articles, and after selection, 22 studies were included. We collected 21 animal studies (n = 472) and 1 human study (n = 45). Three types of tendons were taken into account: 14 Achilles tendons, 7 supraspinatus tendons (SST), and in 1 case, Achilles and patellar tendons simultaneously. A variety of therapeutic methods were used—from intra-tendinous substance injections to surgical procedures or mechanical stimuli—but platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy dominated among them and was present in six studies. Most of the collected studies included an assessment of the tendons’ histopathology based on the classical Bonar score (with four variables and one observer). The staining protocol was based on the hematoxylin and eosin technique. An evaluation of therapeutic effects showed 15 positive results, 6 negative results, and 1 neutral result of treatments. (4) Conclusions: To understand the tendinopathy phenomenon, a link between histopathology and clinical observations in chronic tendon disorders is required due to the possibility of functional outcome improvements. The Bonar scoring system is well established in tendon pathology assessment and could also be adopted to assess therapeutic results in tendon disorders. Studies that included the PRP application showed Bonar-scoring-system-based evidence of superior tendinous tissue healing related to improved clinical results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Platelet-Rich Plasma and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Orthobiologics Therapy—From Basic Science to Clinical Application)
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