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Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients

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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 November 2022) | Viewed by 52074

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Prof. Dr. Călin Jianu

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Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Life Sciences "King Michael I" from Timisoara, 119 Calea Aradului, RO-300645 Timisoara, Romania
Interests: food safety and hygiene; food additives; food preservation; food waste management; essential oil; design and synthesis of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Georgeta Pop

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Food Engineering, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului 119, RO-300645 Timișoara, Romania
Interests: medicinal and aromatic plants; crop science; antimicrobial activity of essential oils

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Food spoilage results mainly when microbiological and chemical changes occur, making food products unacceptable by consumers. Various techniques, such as high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, modified atmosphere packaging, have been studied to prolong the life shelf of the foodstuff, including the use of natural extracts and essential oils. Natural extracts and essential oils have recently been studied against resistant pathogenic microorganisms whose higher resistance to conventional drugs represents a dramatic problem for human health and healthcare. It has been shown that their supplementation protected the sensory properties of foods, contributes significantly to increasing shelf life, and decrease food waste. Furthermore, their supplementation can reduce cellular oxidative stress, typical of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, and certain types of cancer.

Consequently, due to such a vast repertory of beneficial outcomes, natural extracts and essential oils are always fascinating to research fields. Also, it must be considered that agricultural by-products and waste products can also represent a precious source of antioxidants and preservatives.

We warmly encourage you to submit your investigation findings to this Special Issue, which intends to collect original research manuscripts, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses covering all aspects of natural antioxidants and antibacterial applications and properties and health effects.

We look forward to your contribution.

Prof. Dr. Ionel Calin Jianu
Prof. Dr. Georgeta Pop
Guest Editors

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Keywords

antioxidant activity
antibacterial activity
plant extracts
essential oils
synergistic interactions
polyphenols
biofilms
radical scavenging
shelf life
waste products

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Essential Oil of Origanum vulgare var. aureum L. from Western Romania: Chemical Analysis, In Vitro and In Silico Screening of Its Antioxidant Activity

by Călin Jianu, Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia, Matilda Rădulescu, Marius Mioc, Alexandra Mioc, Codruța Șoica, Albert Titus Constantin, Ioan David, Gabriel Bujancă and Roxana Ghircău Radu

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 5076; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13085076 - 18 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1932

Abstract

This investigation aims to assess the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Origanum vulgare var. aureum L. essential oil (OEO). The oil was obtained with a 0.34% (v/w dried weight) yield and investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The main compounds of the OEO were found to be gamma-terpinene (22.96%), para-cymene (14.72%), germacrene (11.64%), beta-trans-ocimene (9.81%), and cis-beta-ocimene (7.65%). Furthermore, individual antioxidant assays 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium] (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching were carried out. OEO demonstrated better scavenging effects on the DPPH (IC₅₀ 93.12 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC₅₀ 27.63 ± 0.01 μg/mL) assays (significantly lower IC₅₀ values; p ≤ 0.001) than ascorbic acid (IC₅₀ 127.39 ± 0.45 μg/mL). In the beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching assay, the OEO exhibited a higher Relative antioxidant activity (RAA %) (82.36 ± 0.14%) but lower compared with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (100%), with no significant differences (p > 0.05) observed. According to molecular docking results, the first two main compounds of the OEO, para-cymene, and gamma-terpinene, may potentially contribute to the biological antioxidant activity of the oil by inhibiting ROS (reactive oxygen species)-producing enzymes such as lipoxygenase and xanthin oxidase. These experimental data suggest that OEO could represent a valuable new natural antioxidant source with functional properties in the food or pharmaceutical industries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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11 pages, 819 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Genetic Damage and Antigenotoxic Effect of Ascorbic Acid in Erythrocytes of Orochromis niloticus and Ambystoma mexicanum Using Migration Groups as a Parameter

by Carlos Alvarez Moya, Mónica Reynoso Silva, Lucia Barrientos Ramírez and José de Jesús Vargas Radillo

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7507; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157507 - 26 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

The comet assay system is an efficient method used to assess DNA damage and repair; however, it currently provides the average result and, unfortunately, the heterogeneity of DNA damage loses relevance. To take advantage of this heterogeneity, migration groups (MGs) of cell comets can be formed. In this study, genetic damage was quantified in erythrocytes of Oreochromis niloticus and Ambystoma mexicanum exposed to ethyl methanesulfonate (ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) 2.5, 5, and 10 mM over two hours) and ultraviolet C radiation (UV-C) for 5, 10, and 15 min using the tail length, tail moment, and migration group parameters. Additionally, blood cells were exposed to UV-C radiation for 5 min and treated post-treatment at 5, 10, and 15 mM ascorbic acid (AA) for two hours. With the MG parameter, it was possible to observe variations in the magnitude of genetic damage. Our data indicate that MGs help to detect basal and induced genetic damage or damage reduction with approximately the same efficiency of the tail length and tail moment parameters. MGs can be a complementary parameter used to assess DNA integrity in species exposed to mutagens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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17 pages, 2107 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Postharvest UV-C Radiation on Nutritional Quality, Oxidation and Enzymatic Browning of Stored Mature Date

by Saliha Dassamiour, Ourida Boujouraf, Linda Sraoui, Mohamed Sabri Bensaad, Ala eddine Derardja, Sultan J. Alsufyani, Rokayya Sami, Eman Algarni, Huda Aljumayi and Amani H. Aljahani

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4947; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104947 - 13 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2478

Abstract

The effect of three doses of UV-C radiation (1, 3 and 6 kJ m⁻²) on conservation potential after harvest of the Deglet-Nour date for five months of storage at 10 °C was studied. Contents of water, total sugar, carotenoids, proteins, total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins, as well as browning index, enzyme activities of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase and antioxidant capacity of samples were monitored during storage using standard methods. Doses 1 and 6 kJ m⁻² significantly slowed the water loss of samples until the second month of storage, with 17.68% and 16.02% of loss compared to control (31.45%). In the second month of storage, a significant increase in carotenoids was also observed for doses 1 and 6 kJ m⁻², with values of 4.17 and 4.02 mg kg⁻¹ versus the control (3.45 mg kg⁻¹), which resulted in deceleration in carotenoid degradation. A gradual decrease in total sugar content was noted for all samples; it was slower within irradiated ones at the second month, where the slowing down of sugar consumption was significantly favored in the samples irradiated at 1 and 6 kJ m⁻², which was marked by decreases of 4.98% and 4.57% versus 8.96% in the control. Protein content of irradiated samples (3 and 6 kJ m⁻²) increased at the third month, giving 1.70 and 2.41 g kg⁻¹ compared to 1.29 g kg⁻¹ for the control. An important decrease in enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase was detected, in addition to a fluctuation in peroxidase during storage. The browning index was lower in the irradiated sample until the fourth month of storage, where the result was more significant. An increase in the content of condensed tannins was detected, especially during the two first months, and while the significant increase in the content of flavonoids was read at the last month, it was detected from the first month for polyphenols. This was more significant for the highest dose, were the content reached 0.537 g kg⁻¹ versus 0.288 g kg⁻¹ in control at the first month. A dose-dependent increase in antiradical activity was noted during the last months of storage, while the increase in iron-reducing power was detected at the first month. UV-C delayed installation of Deglet-Nour browning and enriched it with antioxidants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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15 pages, 2425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract against Different Bacteria Such as Streptococcus mutans and Poryphormonas gingivalis

by Tuyishime Gabriel, Abimana Vestine, Ki Deok Kim, Seong Jung Kwon, Iyyakkannu Sivanesan and Se Chul Chun

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3491; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073491 - 30 Mar 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 14117

Abstract

To combat the threat of antimicrobial resistance, it is important to discover innovative and effective alternative antibacterial agents. Garlic has been recommended as a medicinal plant with antibacterial qualities. Hence, we conducted this study to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ultrasonicated garlic extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus sub. aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Poryphyromonas gingivalis. Aqueous ultrasonicated garlic extract was tested against these strains, and their antibacterial activity quantified using both agar disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods; the plate count technique was used to estimate the total viable count. Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microplate spectrophotometry were used to characterize garlic nanoparticles. The results confirmed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to both sonicated and non-sonicated garlic extracts. Streptococcus mutans was the most susceptible bacteria; on the other hand, Escherichia coli was the most resistant bacteria. Furthermore, characterization of the prepared garlic nanoparticles, showed the presence of organosulfur and phenolic compounds, carboxyl groups, and protein particles. Based on the obtained results, ultrasonicated garlic extract is a potent antibacterial agent. It can come in handy while developing novel antibiotics against bacteria that have developed resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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15 pages, 56350 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studies Regarding the Antibacterial Effect of Plant Extracts Obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb

by Erdogan Elvis Șachir, Cristina Gabriela Pușcașu, Aureliana Caraiane, Gheorghe Raftu, Florin Ciprian Badea, Mihaela Mociu, Claudia Maria Albu, Liliana Sachelarie, Loredana Liliana Hurjui and Cristina Bartok-Nicolae

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2751; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052751 - 7 Mar 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3201

Abstract

The present study was carried out to develop an experimental endodontic irrigant solution based on plant extracts obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. that largely replenish the properties of the usual antiseptics used in dentistry. Background: This study investigated the phytochemical contents of plant extracts obtained from Epilobium parviflorum Schreb. and their potential antibacterial activity. Methods: Identification and quantification of biologically active compounds were made by UV field photo spectrometry, adapting the Folin-Ciocalteu test method. Antibacterial activity was tested on pathological bacterial cultures collected from tooth with endodontic infections using a modified Kirby-Bauer diffuse metric method. Results: Polyphenols and flavonoids were present in all plant extracts; the hydroalcoholic extract had the highest amount of polyphenols—17.44 pyrogallol equivalent (Eq Pir)/mL and flavonoids—3.13 quercetin equivalent (Eq Qr)/mL. Plant extracts had antibacterial activity among the tested bacterial species with the following inhibition diameter: White Staphylococcus (16.5 mm), Streptococcus mitis (25 mm), Streptococcus sanguis (27 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (10 mm). Conclusions: All plant extracts contain polyphenols and flavonoids; the antibacterial activity was in direct ratio with the amount of the bioactive compounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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20 pages, 4186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant and Wound Healing Potential of Three Artemisia Species: In Vitro and In Ovo Evaluation

by Daliana Minda, Roxana Ghiulai, Christian Dragos Banciu, Ioana Zinuca Pavel, Corina Danciu, Roxana Racoviceanu, Codruta Soica, Oana Daniela Budu, Delia Muntean, Zorita Diaconeasa, Cristina Adriana Dehelean and Stefana Avram

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031359 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3940

Abstract

Skin injuries, and especially wounds of chronic nature, can cause a major negative impact on the quality of life. New efficient alternatives are needed for wound healing therapy and herbal products are being investigated due to a high content of natural compounds with promising healing activity. For this purpose, we investigated three Artemisia species, Artemisia absinthium L. (AAb), Artemisia dracunculus L. (ADr) and Artemisia annua L. (AAn). Ethanolic extracts, containing different polyphenolic compounds, elicited strong antioxidant activities in the DPPH assay, comparable to ascorbic acid. Human ketratinocyte proliferation was stimulated and wound closure was enhanced by all three extracts at concentrations of 100 µg/mL. The Artemisia extracts modulated angiogenesis by increasing vessel formation, especially following treatment with A. annua and A. dracunculus, extracts with a significantly higher content of chlorogenic acid. Good tolerability and anti-irritative effects were also registered in ovo, on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). The three Artemisia species represent promising low-cost, polyphenol-rich, antioxidant, safe alternatives for wound care treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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23 pages, 5787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chemical Profile of Ruta graveolens, Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Its Essential Oil, and Molecular Docking Simulations

by Călin Jianu, Ionuț Goleț, Daniela Stoin, Ileana Cocan, Gabriel Bujancă, Corina Mișcă, Marius Mioc, Alexandra Mioc, Codruța Șoica, Alexandra Teodora Lukinich-Gruia, Laura-Cristina Rusu, Delia Muntean and Delia Ioana Horhat

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 11753; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411753 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4264

Abstract

The research aimed to investigate the chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the essential oil (EO) isolated from the aerial parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Ruta graveolens L., growing in western Romania. Ruta graveolens L. essential oil (RGEO) was isolated by steam distillation (0.29% v/w), and the content was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Findings revealed that 2-Undecanone (76.19%) and 2-Nonanone (7.83%) followed by 2-Undecanol (1.85%) and 2-Tridecanone (1.42%) are the main detected compounds of the oil. The RGEO exerted broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal effects, S. pyogenes, S. aureus, and S. mutans being the most susceptible tested strains. The antioxidant activity of RGEO was assessed by peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), and β-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching testing. The results indicated moderate radical scavenging and relative antioxidative activity in DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests. However, between the 8th and 16th days of the incubation period, the inhibition of primary oxidation compounds induced by the RGEO was significantly stronger (p < 0.001) than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Molecular docking analysis highlighted that a potential antimicrobial mechanism of the RGEO could be exerted through the inhibition of D-Alanine-d-alanine ligase (DDl) by several RGEO components. Docking analysis also revealed that a high number RGEO components could exert a potential in vitro protein-targeted antioxidant effect through xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase inhibition. Consequently, RGEO could be a new natural source of antiseptics and antioxidants, representing an option for the use of synthetic additives in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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17 pages, 2950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Yeast Synergistic Effects and Mode of Action of Australian Native Plant Essential Oils

by Fahad Alderees, Ram Mereddy, Stephen Were, Michael E. Netzel and Yasmina Sultanbawa

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(22), 10670; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210670 - 12 Nov 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2474

Abstract

Yeasts are the most common group of microorganisms responsible for spoilage of soft drinks and fruit juices due to their ability to withstand juice acidity and pasteurization temperatures and resist the action of weak-acid preservatives. Food industries are interested in the application of natural antimicrobial compounds as an alternative solution to the spoilage problem. This study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of three Australian native plant essential oils (EOs) Tasmanian pepper leaf (TPL), lemon myrtle (LM) and anise myrtle (AM) against weak-acid resistant yeasts, to identify their major bioactive compounds and to elucidate their anti-yeast mode of action. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed for EOs against weak-acid resistant yeasts (Candida albicans, Candida krusei, Dekkera anomala, Dekkera bruxellensis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) and bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The EOs showed anti-yeast and antibacterial activity at concentrations ranging from 0.03–0.07 mg/mL and 0.22–0.42 mg/mL for TPL and 0.07–0.31 mg/mL and 0.83–1.67 mg/mL for LM, respectively. The EOs main bioactive compounds were identified as polygodial in TPL, citral (neral and geranial) in LM and anethole in AM. No changes in the MICs of the EOs were observed in the sorbitol osmotic protection assay but were found to be increased in the ergosterol binding assay after the addition of exogenous ergosterol. Damaging of the yeast cell membrane, channel formation, cell organelles and ion leakage could be identified as the mode of action of TPL and LM EOs. The studied Australian native plant EOs showed potential as natural antimicrobials that could be used in the beverage and food industry against the spoilage causing yeasts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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Review

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17 pages, 380 KiB

Open AccessReview

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Phytogenics for Sustainable Poultry Production

by Caven M. Mnisi, Victor Mlambo, Akho Gila, Allen N. Matabane, Doctor M. N. Mthiyane, Cebisa Kumanda, Freddy Manyeula and Christian S. Gajana

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010099 - 21 Dec 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4092

Abstract

The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in poultry production not only promotes the emergence of pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria, but it also compromises product quality, threatens animal and human health, and pollutes the environment. However, the complete withdrawal of AGP without alternatives could result in uncontrollable disease outbreaks that would jeopardize large-scale poultry intensification. Thus, the use of phytogenic products as potential alternatives to in-feed AGP has attracted worldwide research interest. These phytogenic products contain numerous biologically active substances with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities that can enhance poultry health, growth performance, and meat quality characteristics. In addition, the incorporation of phytogenic products as feed additives in poultry diets could result in the production of high-quality, drug-free, and organic poultry products that are safe for human consumption. Thus, this review examines the current evidence on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of a selection of phytogenic products, their effects on nutrient utilization, and physiological and meat quality parameters in poultry. The paper also reviews the factors that could limit the utilization of phytogenic products in poultry nutrition and proposes solutions that can deliver efficient and sustainable poultry production systems for global food and nutrition security. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

23 pages, 2003 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Anti-Breast Cancer Activity of Essential Oil: A Systematic Review

by Mohammad Adam Mustapa, Ikhsan Guswenrivo, Ade Zuhrotun, Nur Kusaira Khairul Ikram and Muchtaridi Muchtaridi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12738; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412738 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 12176

Abstract

Breast cancer is the second highest cancer-related death worldwide. The treatment for breast cancer is via chemotherapy; however, occurrences of multidrug resistance, unselective targets, and physicochemical problems suggest that chemotherapy treatment is ineffective. Therefore, there is a need to find better alternatives. Essential oil is a plant secondary metabolite having promising bioactivities and pharmacological effects, including anti-breast cancer capabilities. This review intends to discuss and summarize the effect of essential oils on anti-breast cancer from published journals using keywords in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Our findings reveal that the compositions of essential oils, mainly terpenoids, have excellent anti-breast cancer pharmacological effects with an IC₅₀ value of 0.195 μg/mL. Hence, essential oils have potential as anti-breast cancer drugs candidates with the highest efficacy and the fewest side effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on the Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Anti-drug Properties of Plant Ingredients)

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