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Atmosphere
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Industrial Air Pollution Control in China
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Industrial Air Pollution Control in China

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (8 June 2022) | Viewed by 19507

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chong Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: fossil fuel combustion; particle matter; heavy metals; CO2 capture; single particle analysis; nano materials
Dr. Bo Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Interests: heavy metals; CO2; NOx; Volatile Organic Pollutants (VOCs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fenghua Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: heavy metals; SOx; NOx; particulate matter; high-entropy alloy; nonferrous metallurgy; catalysts design

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The atmospheric environment on which humankind depends for survival has been severely destroyed since the Second Industrial Revolution. The emission of industrial pollutants is considered to be one of the main sources of air pollution. Reductions in these industrial pollutions are significant for permanent atmospheric environmental protection. China, under strict reduction policies for the past few decades, has controlled its industrial pollution well with the use of innovative air pollution control technology, especially in the electrical and metallurgical industries. Herein, the atmospheric environment in China has been significantly improved.

The Special Issue focuses on the pollutant emissions and advanced control technologies in these industries. In addition, ideas and research on fossil fuel innovations as well as new energy technology under a low carbon energy policy are also welcomed.

The topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Pollutant emissions from combustion, including unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, sulfides, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, heavy metals, volatile organic pollutants, greenhouse gases, etc.
  2. High-precision emission inventory and loss assessment from typical industries, including coal-fired power generation, waste incineration, the petrochemical industry, the coking industry, metal smelting, etc.
  3. The impact of air pollutants on the environment, ecology, vegetation, climate, health and other cross-cutting areas.
  4. Novel technologies on air pollution control in industry and its economic analysis, applications prospects and potential risks.
  5. Comprehensive energy management at the level of energy consumption and pollutant emissions under the conditions of a low carbon energy transition.
  6. An evaluation of the economic and environmental benefits of renewable energy power technology throughout its life cycle.

Dr. Chong Tian
Dr. Bo Zhao
Dr. Fenghua Shen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combustion pollution
  • particle matter
  • heavy metals
  • greenhouse gas CO2 reduction
  • air pollution control technologies
  • low carbon energy policy
  • renewable energy
  • environmental impacts.

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5773 KiB  
Article
Impact of PM10 Particles on the Measurement Error of SO2 Electrochemical Gas Sensor
by Wei Chen, Shijing Wu, Dongmei Liao and Hanping Zhang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091512 - 16 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1466
Abstract
To address the problems of poor measurement accuracy and long service life of SO2 electrochemical gas sensors when used in thermal power plant areas, fly ash emitted from a thermal power plant in China was used as the research object. Based on [...] Read more.
To address the problems of poor measurement accuracy and long service life of SO2 electrochemical gas sensors when used in thermal power plant areas, fly ash emitted from a thermal power plant in China was used as the research object. Based on the analysis of the morphological characteristics of fly ash particles, theoretical calculations were used to obtain the settling speed of fly ash particles and the amount of fly ash deposited at different times, and then the impact of fly ash on the measurement error of a SO2 electrochemical gas sensor was investigated by experimental tests. The research results show that the particle size distribution of fly ash is 2–11 μm, the average settling speed of fly ash particles is 1.34 × 10−3 m/s, and the deposition amount of fly ash on the surface of the sensor inlet film is 0.95 mg per day. The deposition time of fly ash affects the sensor measurement error, and the longer the deposition time, the larger the sensor measurement error, which is due to the reduction of gas diffusion area S and diffusion coefficient K in the sensor caused by fly ash deposition. Fly ash deposition has a greater impact on the sensor when measuring low concentration gases. The higher the gas concentration, the lower the measurement error, because the higher the gas concentration, the faster the gas reaches the working electrode area and the higher the effective SO2 concentration detected in the limited response time. When using SO2 electrochemical sensors in environments with high concentrations of fly ash or dust, it is recommended to install dust-proof devices (such as air-permeable filter membranes with a pore size of less than 4 μm) and regularly clean the deposited fly ash, which can improve the accuracy of the sensor measurement and extend the service life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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14 pages, 3165 KiB  
Article
Daily Weather Forecasting Based on Deep Learning Model: A Case Study of Shenzhen City, China
by Guici Chen, Sijia Liu and Feng Jiang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081208 - 1 Aug 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3774
Abstract
Daily weather conditions are closely related to every field of production and life, and the forecasting of weather conditions plays an important role in social development. Based on the data characteristics of urban weather conditions, a deep learning network was designed to forecast [...] Read more.
Daily weather conditions are closely related to every field of production and life, and the forecasting of weather conditions plays an important role in social development. Based on the data characteristics of urban weather conditions, a deep learning network was designed to forecast urban weather conditions, and its feasibility was proved by experiments. In view of the non-stationary and seasonal fluctuation of the time series of daily weather conditions in Shenzhen from 2015 to 2019, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was used to carry out the stationary processing for the daily minimum humidity, minimum pressure, maximum temperature, maximum pressure, maximum wind speed and minimum temperature. The decomposed components, residual sequence and original sequence were reconstructed according to the degree of relevance. On this basis, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network for the Shenzhen daily weather forecast was used, using the advantages of the LSTM model in time-series data processing, using the grid search algorithm to find the optimal combination of the above parameters and combining with the gradient descent optimization algorithm to find optimal weights and bias, so as to improve the prediction accuracy of Shenzhen weather characteristics. The experimental results show that our design of the EMD-LSTM model has higher forecasting precision and efficiency than traditional models, which provides new ideas for the weather forecast. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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13 pages, 2677 KiB  
Article
The Synthesis of FeCl3-Modified Char from Phoenix Tree Fruit and Its Application for Hg0 Adsorption in Flue Gas
by Wei Chen, Ming Li, Zirui Hu and Chong Tian
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071093 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1579
Abstract
A sample of FeCl3-modified phoenix tree fruit char (MPTFC) was prepared using pyrolysis and a facile chemical immersion method; it was proposed as an effective sorbent for Hg0 adsorption in flue gas. The BET, SEM, FTIR, and XPS methods were [...] Read more.
A sample of FeCl3-modified phoenix tree fruit char (MPTFC) was prepared using pyrolysis and a facile chemical immersion method; it was proposed as an effective sorbent for Hg0 adsorption in flue gas. The BET, SEM, FTIR, and XPS methods were adopted for the characterizations of the sorbents, and a series of Hg0 adsorption tests were conducted on a bench-scale Hg0 removal setup in the lab. The morphological analysis of the sorbent indicated that the hollow fiber in phoenix tree fruit (PTF) shifted to organized directional porous tubular columns in phoenix tree fruit char (PTFC) after pyrolysis. The surface area of MPTFC increased slightly in comparison with PTF and PTFC. The MPTFC showed excellent performance for Hg0 adsorption at 200 °C in flue gas ambiance, and the Hg0 removal efficiency approached 95% with 5% (wt.%) FeCl3 modification. The presence of O2 may help to activate the MPTFC for Hg0 adsorption in flue gas, thus greatly promoting Hg0 adsorption capability. NO had a positive effect on Hg0 adsorption, while the presence of SO2 in flue gas restrained Hg0 adsorption by MPTFC. Functional groups, such as C-Cl and Fe-O, were successfully decorated on the surface of PTFC by FeCl3 modification, which contributed greatly to Hg0 adsorption. In addition, C=O, lattice oxygen (Oα), and adsorbed oxygen (Oβ) also contributed to Hg0 adsorption and oxidization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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11 pages, 654 KiB  
Article
Influence of Air Pollution Factors on Corrosion of Metal Equipment in Transmission and Transformation Power Stations
by Xiufang Chen, Zhenyu Zhang, Hanping Zhang, Hanbing Yan, Fengchun Liu and Shan Tu
Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1041; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071041 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3970
Abstract
In this paper, the atmospheric environmental corrosion grade of substations in 11 prefecture level cities in Shanxi Province is evaluated through a metal hanging sheet experiment. Combined with the main environmental factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and the concentration of main pollution [...] Read more.
In this paper, the atmospheric environmental corrosion grade of substations in 11 prefecture level cities in Shanxi Province is evaluated through a metal hanging sheet experiment. Combined with the main environmental factors, such as temperature, relative humidity, and the concentration of main pollution factors, such as SO2, Cl−, dust, etc., the influence of various factors on the corrosion of transmission and transformation equipment is analyzed, and the corresponding anti-corrosion measures are put forward. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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11 pages, 5382 KiB  
Article
Numerical Study on Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers during Natural Gas Trans-Critical Liquefaction
by Lei Liu, Aihua Yan, Qiuxiang Shi, Xi Xiao, Chenbing Zhu and Xuelong Yang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(5), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050730 - 2 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2118
Abstract
Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) are considered an excellent alternative for the main cryogenic heat exchanger of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities due to their compact structure and strong heat transfer performance. However, it is unclear how to configure the geometry of [...] Read more.
Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) are considered an excellent alternative for the main cryogenic heat exchanger of Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities due to their compact structure and strong heat transfer performance. However, it is unclear how to configure the geometry of the PCHE channels to achieve its optimal performance in the trans-critical liquefaction process of natural gas (NG), which is critical for the main heat exchanger. In this paper, we numerically studied the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of PCHEs with different channel types under the specified condition. The results elucidate that all channels have an enhancement of heat transfer near the pseudo-critical point of NG. All the wavy channels could improve the heat transfer performance of PCHEs, where the trapezoidal channel achieves the largest promotion. Compared with the straight channel, the local heat transfer coefficient could be increased by up to 53% in the trapezoidal channel. Additionally, vortex appeared at the bends of the wavy channels, which greatly increase the local friction loss. Among several channels, the total pressure drop of zigzag, fillet and the sinusoidal channel was almost the same, while that of the trapezoidal channel was the largest. Furthermore, we compared the comprehensive performance of different types of channels and found that the benefit of heat transfer enhancement could not offset the penalty of flow deterioration. Our work provides important guidance for the design of PCHEs employed in FLNG. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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14 pages, 2858 KiB  
Article
The Emission Characteristics of Pollutants from Thermal Desorption of Soil Contaminated by Transformer Oil
by Shixiong Jiang and Sunxian Weng
Atmosphere 2022, 13(4), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040515 - 23 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1990
Abstract
In order to reduce pollutant emission from substation fires into the soil environment, developing technology to remove pollutants in soil after substation fires is necessary. Among the soil remediation technologies, thermal desorption has been proven to be an effective soil remediation method. In [...] Read more.
In order to reduce pollutant emission from substation fires into the soil environment, developing technology to remove pollutants in soil after substation fires is necessary. Among the soil remediation technologies, thermal desorption has been proven to be an effective soil remediation method. In this paper, the effects of thermal desorption temperature and atmosphere on the releasing characteristics of pollutants in the soil polluted by waste oil in the accident oil pool in the substation were examined. The results showed that when the thermal desorption temperature was 500 °C, a large number of macromolecular organics decompose from the solid phase and change into long-chain alkanes and macromolecular acids under pure N2 atmosphere. When the thermal desorption temperature was higher than 500 °C the pollutants in the soil were further decomposed into small molecular organics. In addition, the organics were transformed to CO2, SO2, NOx, and CO under 20% O2/N2 atmosphere when the temperature was above 500 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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26 pages, 3480 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Different CFD Modeling and Solving Approaches for a Supersonic Steam Ejector Simulation
by Jingshu Xiao, Qiao Wu, Lizhou Chen, Weichang Ke, Cong Wu, Xuelong Yang, Liangying Yu and Haifeng Jiang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13010144 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3064
Abstract
The effects of different modeling and solving approaches on the simulation of a steam ejector have been investigated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The four most frequently used and recommended turbulence models (standard k-ε, RNG k-ε [...] Read more.
The effects of different modeling and solving approaches on the simulation of a steam ejector have been investigated with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The four most frequently used and recommended turbulence models (standard k-ε, RNG k-ε, realizable k-ε and SST k-ω), two near-wall treatments (standard wall function and enhanced wall treatment), two solvers (pressure- and density-based solvers) and two spatial discretization schemes ( the second-order upwind scheme and the quadratic upstream interpolation for convective kinematics (QUICK) of the convection term have been tested and compared for a supersonic steam ejector under the same conditions as experimental data. In total, more than 185 cases of 17 different modeling and solving approaches have been carried out in this work. The simulation results from the pressure-based solver (PBS) are slightly closer to the experimental data than those from the density-based solver (DBS) and are thus utilized in the subsequent simulations. When a high-density mesh with y+ < 1 is used, the SST k-ω model can obtain the best predictions of the maximum entrainment ratio (ER) and an adequate prediction of the critical back pressure (CBP), while the realizable k-ε model with the enhanced wall treatment can obtain the best prediction of the CBP and an adequate prediction of the ER. When the standard wall function is used with the three k-ε models, the realizable k-ε model can obtain the best predictions of the maximum ER, and the three k-ε models can gain the same CBP value. For a steam ejector with recirculation inside the diffuser, the realizable k-ε model or the enhanced wall treatment is recommended for adoption in the modeling approach. When the spatial discretization scheme of the convection term changes from a second-order upwind scheme to a QUICK scheme, the effect can be ignored for the maximum ER calculation, while only the CBP value from the standard k-ε model with the standard wall function is reduced by 2.13%. The calculation deviation of the ER between the two schemes increases with the back pressure at the unchoked flow region, especially when the standard k-ε model is adopted. The realizable k-ε model with the two wall treatments and the SST k-ω model is recommended, while the standard k-ε is more sensitive to the near-wall treatment and the spatial discretization scheme and is not recommended for an ejector simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Industrial Air Pollution Control in China)
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