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Atmosphere
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Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau
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Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 6974

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Xiaoduo Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Interests: regional climate change; data assimilation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Tibetan Plateau is a unique region in possession of complex terrain and fragile ecosystems, playing an important role in the global climate pattern. Understanding the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for predicting future climate change and formulating effective climate adaptation strategies. The focus of this Special Issue is on the land–atmosphere interaction over the Tibetan Plateau, including energy, water, and carbon exchange between the surface and atmosphere.

The scope of this Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including observation and modeling of land-atmosphere interactions, the impact of land use change on the atmospheric environment, and feedback mechanisms between land surface processes and atmospheric circulation. Contributions related to the impact of climate change and human activities on the land–atmosphere interaction at the Tibetan Plateau are also welcome.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a platform for researchers to share their latest discoveries and innovative methods for studying land–atmosphere interactions on the Tibetan Plateau. This Special Issue aims to promote interdisciplinary research by combining observations, modeling, and theoretical understandings of land–atmosphere interactions. The SI will also help to develop better climate models and promote the importance of the Tibetan Plateau in global climate models to policy makers and stakeholders. Overall, this Special Issue aims to deepen our understanding of the complex interactions between the land surface and atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau and their impact on global climate change.

Prof. Dr. Xiaoduo Pan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Tibetan Plateau
  • land–atmosphere interactions
  • energy exchange
  • water cycle
  • carbon cycle
  • climate change
  • climate adaptation strategies

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3440 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Influence of Environmental Factors on Water–Heat Exchange Process in Alpine Wetlands
by Yan Xie, Jun Wen, Yulin Zhang, Jinlei Chen and Xianyu Yang
Atmosphere 2023, 14(12), 1802; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14121802 - 8 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1261
Abstract
Wetlands, which are composed of soil, vegetation and water, have sufficient water supply and are sensitive to climate change. This study analyzes the coupling degree between wetlands and atmosphere and discusses the influence of environmental factors (solar radiation and water vapor pressure deficit) [...] Read more.
Wetlands, which are composed of soil, vegetation and water, have sufficient water supply and are sensitive to climate change. This study analyzes the coupling degree between wetlands and atmosphere and discusses the influence of environmental factors (solar radiation and water vapor pressure deficit) on latent heat flux by using the experimental data from the Maduo Observatory of Climate and Environment of the Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resource, CAS and WRF models. The results showed that, during the vegetation growing season, the average value of Ω (decoupling factor) is 0.38 in alpine wetlands, indicating that the coupling between wetlands and atmosphere is poor. Solar radiation is the main factor influencing the latent heat flux in the results of both observation data analysis and model simulation, and solar radiation and water vapor pressure deficit still have the opposite reaction to latent heat flux; when solar radiation increased by 30%, the average daily amount of latent heat flux increased from 5.57 MJ·m−2 to 7.50 MJ·m−2; when water vapor pressure deficit increased by 30%, the average daily amount of latent heat flux decreased to 5.17 MJ·m−2. This study provides a new research approach for the study of the parameterization of latent heat flux and evapotranspiration in the context of global climate change Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau)
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22 pages, 15880 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Ten Fresh Snow Density Parameterization Schemes for Simulating Snow Depth and Surface Energy Fluxes on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
by Wenjing Li, Siqiong Luo, Jingyuan Wang and Yuxuan Wang
Atmosphere 2023, 14(10), 1571; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101571 - 16 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1553
Abstract
Snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau has a shallow depth, plaque distribution, and repeated ablation. The applicability of the snow parameterization scheme in the current land surface process model on the TP needs to be further tested using observational data. In this paper, [...] Read more.
Snow cover on the Tibetan Plateau has a shallow depth, plaque distribution, and repeated ablation. The applicability of the snow parameterization scheme in the current land surface process model on the TP needs to be further tested using observational data. In this paper, using the land surface process model CLM4.5 and ten fresh snow density parameterization schemes characterized by temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, three discontinuous snow processes in Maqu, Madoi, and Yakou and two continuous snow processes in Madoi and Yakou were simulated. By comparing the simulated snow depth with the observed, it was found that this model can clearly describe repeated snow accumulation and ablation processes for the discontinuous snow cover process. The KW scheme, compared with the original Anderson scheme, performed the best regarding snow depth simulation. However, all schemes overestimated the melting rate of snow, and were not able to simulate continuous snow accumulation. The simulation effect of the Schmucki scheme on radiation and energy flux under discontinuous snow cover was significantly improved compared with other scheme. None of schemes performed perfectly, so future studies that focus on the simulations of snow depth, radiation flux, and energy flux under continuous snow cover for accurate and wide applications are recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau)
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22 pages, 7470 KiB  
Article
Sensitivity Analysis of the Land Surface Characteristic Parameters in Different Climatic Regions of the Loess Plateau
by Yuanpu Liu, Sheng Wang, Chongshui Gong, Dingwen Zeng, Yulong Ren and Xia Li
Atmosphere 2023, 14(10), 1528; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101528 - 4 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1119
Abstract
Land surface parameters are crucial in land surface process model simulations. Considering the complex land surface characteristics of the Loess Plateau, a parametric sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the key parameters of its Noah Multi-Parameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model. Sensitivity analysis can [...] Read more.
Land surface parameters are crucial in land surface process model simulations. Considering the complex land surface characteristics of the Loess Plateau, a parametric sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the key parameters of its Noah Multi-Parameterization (Noah-MP) land surface model. Sensitivity analysis can better elucidate the influence of different parameters on the model simulation results and evaluate the rationality of each model parameter. The extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (EFAST) method is a classical global sensitivity analysis method, whose theory is derived from the analysis of variance and Fourier transform. In this study, the EFAST method was used to perform sensitivity analyses on the land surface characteristic parameters in different climatic regions of the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the Noah-MP model can represent the land surface characteristics of the Loess Plateau well. With sensible and latent heat fluxes as criteria, the main sensitivity parameters were the vegetation roughness length (Z0), the soil quartz content (QUARTZ), the maximum volumetric soil moisture (MAXSMC), and the soil parameter “b”. The coupling effect between parameters has a greater impact on the sensitivity analysis. The probability densities of the three most sensitive parameters were evenly distributed in each interval, whereas those of the other parameters were distributed within 0–0.2 of the standardized value. Moreover, almost half of the land surface parameters accounted for 80% of the total sensitivity. Based on the seasonal sensitivity distribution of the land surface parameters, Z0 dominated throughout all four seasons, QUARTZ sensitivity was high in spring, and both MAXSMC and QUARTZ showed high sensitivities in winter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau)
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19 pages, 4524 KiB  
Article
Spatial and Temporal Evolution Characteristics of Water Conservation in the Three-Rivers Headwater Region and the Driving Factors over the Past 30 Years
by Yao Pan and Yunhe Yin
Atmosphere 2023, 14(9), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091453 - 18 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1258
Abstract
The Three-Rivers Headwater Region (TRHR), located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, serves as the “Water Tower of China”, providing vital water conservation (WC) services. Understanding the variations in WC is crucial for locally tailored efforts to adapt to climate change. This [...] Read more.
The Three-Rivers Headwater Region (TRHR), located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, serves as the “Water Tower of China”, providing vital water conservation (WC) services. Understanding the variations in WC is crucial for locally tailored efforts to adapt to climate change. This study improves the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) water yield model by integrating long-term time series of vegetation data, emphasizing the role of interannual vegetation variation. This study also analyzes the influences of various factors on WC variations. The results show a significant increase in WC from 1991 to 2020 (1.4 mm/yr, p < 0.05), with 78.17% of the TRHR showing improvement. Precipitation is the primary factor driving the interannual variations in WC. Moreover, distinct interactions play dominant roles in WC across different eco-geographical regions. In the north-central and western areas, the interaction between annual precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has the highest influence. Conversely, the interaction between annual precipitation and vegetation has the greatest impact in the eastern and central-southern areas. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between the land and atmosphere of the TRHR, which are crucial for enhancing the stability of the ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau)
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33 pages, 11947 KiB  
Article
Composition, Distribution, and Attribution of Hydrochemistry in Drainage Systems in the North of Tianshan Mountains, China
by Jia-Xin Zhang and Bing-Qi Zhu
Atmosphere 2023, 14(7), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071116 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1294
Abstract
The characteristics and sources of the hydrochemical composition of natural water are mainly influenced and limited at the basin scale by what factors, this has become a focal issue of environmental change in the middle latitude areas and even globally. In this study, [...] Read more.
The characteristics and sources of the hydrochemical composition of natural water are mainly influenced and limited at the basin scale by what factors, this has become a focal issue of environmental change in the middle latitude areas and even globally. In this study, three large drainage systems (Junggar, Yili, and Erlqis) in the north of the Tianshan Mountains were selected to study the hydrochemistry of different river basins and understand the relevant causes and attributions of different water bodies in arid environments in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB). Natural water samples from the three drainage systems and their hydrochemical data, combined with literature data of the north and south Tianshan Mountains and surrounding areas, were systematically collected and comprehensively compared with other higher, middle, and low latitude watersheds with different climate conditions. The results show that the total dissolved solid concentrations in the CAOB drainage systems are generally higher than those of rivers in Chinese monsoon and humid regions, and also higher than the world average level. The relative concentrations of different ions are similar to those of rivers in the monsoon region of eastern China and most rivers in the world dominated by carbonate weathering. The ionic compositions of surface water bodies from different sub-basins in the study area are distributed near the Ca apex in the piper diagram, while those of phreatic and confined groundwater samples tend to the Na apex. The compositional differences in the anions are not like those in the cations, rarely distinguishable for these different water types. In a sub-drainage basin scale from I to VIII sub-basins in the study area, major ion concentrations and distributions in these basins are evidently heterogeneous. Almost all the cation and anion concentrations span > 1 order of magnitude, especially sodium and chlorine; however, the calcium and alkalinity concentrations and distributions are relatively homogeneous for some basins in the Junggar and Yili drainage systems. The relative homogeneity between anions and the relative heterogeneity between cations can be recognized in the ion chemistry of natural water samples between different types, indicating that the composition and distribution of cations in water is more conducive than those of anions to identifying the differences and commonalities between different regions. Atmospheric precipitation plays a key role on the hydrogeochemical process in the north of the Tianshan Mountains, and the elevation differentiation of chemical weathering and ion concentrations are closely related to it. The positive correlation between total solute flux and runoff cannot be explained by the dilution effect, indicating that hydroclimatic factors such as runoff and aridity have a strong effect in limiting the hydrochemistry of natural water bodies in the study area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land-Atmosphere Interactions over the Tibetan Plateau)
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