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Atmosphere
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Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation
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Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 24 January 2025 | Viewed by 5160

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yunhua Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Interests: atmospheric chemistry; reactive nitrogen; ammonia; isotopic analysis; haze; secondary aerosol formation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in atmospheric pollutant monitoring techniques. It will provide a platform for researchers to share their innovative approaches, methodologies, and findings in monitoring atmospheric pollutants. The scope of the Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  1. The development and application of advanced sampling methods for atmospheric pollutants
  2. Novel analytical techniques for pollutant identification and quantification
  3. Real-time monitoring systems for the continuous assessment of air quality
  4. The integration of remote sensing data with ground-based monitoring techniques
  5. Advances in data analysis and modeling for improved pollutant monitoring
  6. Evaluation and validation of monitoring techniques for accuracy and reliability

By focusing on advancements in monitoring techniques, this Special Issue aims to contribute to the development of more effective and efficient methods for assessing atmospheric pollutant levels. It will facilitate the exchange of knowledge and foster collaborations among researchers and practitioners in the field of atmospheric pollution monitoring.

Dr. Yunhua Chang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air quality
  • atmospheric aerosols
  • atmospheric pollutants

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3558 KiB  
Article
Spatial–Temporal Variation and the Influencing Factors of NO2 Column Concentration in the Plateau Mountains of Southwest China
by Fei Dong, Zhongfa Zhou, Denghong Huang, Xiandan Du and Shuanglong Du
Atmosphere 2024, 15(11), 1263; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15111263 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 570
Abstract
Given the complex terrain and economic development status of Guizhou Province, research on tropospheric NO2 column concentration using satellite remote sensing is still insufficient. Observing the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of tropospheric NO2 column concentration can ensure the stable development of air [...] Read more.
Given the complex terrain and economic development status of Guizhou Province, research on tropospheric NO2 column concentration using satellite remote sensing is still insufficient. Observing the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of tropospheric NO2 column concentration can ensure the stable development of air quality. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, NO2 column concentration data retrieved from Sentinel-5P TROPOMI were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and geographic detector methods (Geodetector). The results show that NO2 column concentration in Guizhou Province exhibits seasonal variation, characterized by higher levels in winter and lower levels in summer, with transitional values in spring and autumn. The annual average concentration was highest in 2021 at 3.47 × 10−5 mol/m2 and lowest in 2022 at 2.85 × 10−5 mol/m2. Spatially, NO2 column concentration displays a distribution pattern of “high in the west, low in the east; high in the north, low in the south”, with significant spatial clustering. The distribution of cold and hot spots aligns with areas of high and low values. NO2 column concentration is primarily influenced by socio-economic factors, with the interaction between any two factors enhancing the explanatory power of individual factors on NO2 column concentration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation)
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13 pages, 3866 KiB  
Article
The Development and Optimization of a New Wind Tunnel Design for Odour Sampling
by Francesca Tagliaferri, Luca Carrera, Anna Albertini, Marzio Invernizzi and Selena Sironi
Atmosphere 2024, 15(10), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101181 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 610
Abstract
The characterization of passive area sources, emitting odours due to wind-driven convection, poses significant challenges. The present experimental study aims to evaluate the performance, in terms of fluid dynamics and mass transfer, of a recently developed wind tunnel, with a more compact design [...] Read more.
The characterization of passive area sources, emitting odours due to wind-driven convection, poses significant challenges. The present experimental study aims to evaluate the performance, in terms of fluid dynamics and mass transfer, of a recently developed wind tunnel, with a more compact design and reduced weight, compared to the one proposed by the Italian regulations. The results show that the new design outperforms the Italian standard in several aspects. From a fluid dynamic point of view, the new wind tunnel exhibits a slightly more homogenous and uniform velocity distribution, and it does not reveal airflow preferential channels inside the central body. The pressure tests highlight that the presence of fillers in the new wind tunnel does not significantly alter the pressure inside the hood and therefore the gas–liquid equilibrium conditions; actually, the slight overpressure may help to prevent the infiltration of external air. Finally, mass transfer tests on the standard device show a vertical concentration gradient along the outlet duct, highlighting concentration values that differ up to a factor of two depending on the measurement point. The new design has almost completely solved this issue, thanks to the use of fillers that promote mixing of the outlet flow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation)
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21 pages, 5032 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations Measured by Collocated Federal Reference Method and Federal Equivalent Method Monitors in the U.S.
by Tanvir R. Khan, Zachery I. Emerson and Karen H. Mentz
Atmosphere 2024, 15(8), 978; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080978 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1038
Abstract
The comparison between Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) and Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors in measuring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations frequently raises concerns about the accuracy and reliability of data. The comparability, or lack thereof, of data between FRM and FEM [...] Read more.
The comparison between Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) and Federal Reference Method (FRM) monitors in measuring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations frequently raises concerns about the accuracy and reliability of data. The comparability, or lack thereof, of data between FRM and FEM monitors may have significant implications for maintaining compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs). This study investigates the performance of continuous FEM monitors collocated with FRM monitors across 10 EPA regions in the U.S., focusing on PM2.5 measurements collected from 276 monitoring stations. Through an analysis of annually averaged paired concentration data, the study examines concentration ratios (FEM/FRM) and associated biases (in %, defined as [(FEM/FRM)−1] × 100) in FEM monitors across different manufacturers, measurement methods, EPA regions, and sampling location types. The study findings reveal a varied distribution of FEM/FRM ratios, with more than 50% of the FEM monitors having FEM/FRM > 1.1 and approximately 30% having FEM/FRM > 1.2. Substantial variations in estimated biases are identified among monitor types, measurement methods, EPA regions, and sampling site locations. Light scatter-based FEM monitors, notably Teledyne models 640 and 640x, dominate all locations (urban, suburban, and rural), with rural areas exhibiting higher mean bias values for both light scatter and beta attenuation FEM monitors (41% and 23%, respectively). On average, light scatter-based FEM monitors demonstrate higher biases compared to beta attenuation monitors across all EPA regions (28% vs. 12%). Irrespective of the measurement method employed, FEM monitors demonstrate a significant positive bias (mean bias 22%) relative to FRM monitors, which could result in an overestimation of PM2.5 design values (DVs) by 13–21% at monitoring sites designating FEMs as primary monitors for NAAQSs compliance designations. These findings emphasize the critical need to address method comparability issues, especially considering the recent tightening of NAAQSs for PM2.5 (annual) from 12 µg/m3 to 9 µg/m3 in the U.S. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation)
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14 pages, 2447 KiB  
Article
Air Quality Prediction and Ranking Assessment Based on Bootstrap-XGBoost Algorithm and Ordinal Classification Models
by Jingnan Yang, Yuzhu Tian and Chun Ho Wu
Atmosphere 2024, 15(8), 925; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15080925 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 885
Abstract
Along with the rapid development of industries and the acceleration of urbanisation, the problem of air pollution is becoming more serious. Exploring the relevant factors affecting air quality and accurately predicting the air quality index are significant in improving the overall environmental quality [...] Read more.
Along with the rapid development of industries and the acceleration of urbanisation, the problem of air pollution is becoming more serious. Exploring the relevant factors affecting air quality and accurately predicting the air quality index are significant in improving the overall environmental quality and realising green economic development. Machine learning algorithms and statistical models have been widely used in air quality prediction and ranking assessment. In this paper, based on daily air quality data for the city of Xi’an, China, from 1 October 2022 to 30 September 2023, we construct support vector regression (SVR), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forests (RF), neural network (NN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) models to analyse the influence of the air quality index for Xi’an and to conduct comparative tests. The predicted values and 95% prediction intervals of the AQI for the next 15 days for Xi’an, China, are given based on the Bootstrap-XGBoost algorithm. Further, the ordinal logit regression and ordinal probit regression models are constructed to evaluate and accurately predict the AQI ranks of the data from 1 October 2023 to 15 October 2023 for Xi’an. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions and policy measures based on the findings of this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation)
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20 pages, 2846 KiB  
Article
Combining the Emission Preprocessor HERMES with the Chemical Transport Model TM5-MP
by Sarah-Lena Seemann, Nikos Daskalakis, Kun Qu and Mihalis Vrekoussis
Atmosphere 2024, 15(4), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040469 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1275
Abstract
Emission inventories (EIs) are vital for air quality modeling. Specific research goals often require modifying EIs from diverse data sources, demanding significant code development. In this study, we utilized and further developed the High Elective Resolution Modeling Emission System version three for Global [...] Read more.
Emission inventories (EIs) are vital for air quality modeling. Specific research goals often require modifying EIs from diverse data sources, demanding significant code development. In this study, we utilized and further developed the High Elective Resolution Modeling Emission System version three for Global and Regional domains (HERMESv3_gr). This user-friendly processing system was adapted for generating EIs compatible with the Chemistry Transport Model Tracel Model 5 Massive Parallel (TM5-MP). The results indicate that HERMESv3_gr is capable of generating EIs with negligible biases (10−7 relative differences) for TM5-MP, showcasing its effectiveness. We applied HERMESv3_gr to integrate the EI Regional Emission inventory in Asia (REAS) into the global EI Community Emission Data System (CEDS). Comparison of model results using CEDS alone and the integrated EI against measurement data for various pollutants globally revealed small improvements for carbon monoxide (1%) ethane (1–2%), and nitrogen oxide (2%) and larger for propane (5–7%). Ozone in the northern hemisphere improved by about 2% while in the southern hemisphere improvements of 5% could be observed. Our findings highlight the importance of carefully considering the effects of EI integration for accurate air quality modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Monitoring and Observation)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Tentative title: Mobile measurements of atmospheric isoprene across subtropical forests in southern China

Tentative title: Critical Air Pollution Episodes - An Analysis of Key Emergency Plans
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