Coronavirus Pandemic Shutdown Effects on Urban Air Quality (2nd Volume)

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (6 December 2022) | Viewed by 4828

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Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
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Global Center for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Section of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, 157 84 Athens, Greece
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Though the COVID-19 pandemic continues, countermeasures to limit the virus’ spread, particular countrywide or regional “lock-downs”, have become rare. However, pandemic-induced changes to social behavior in densely populated areas may have led to enduring changes in urban air quality.

For our first volume, we invited manuscripts that described the effects on air quality during the initial phases of the world’s response to the pandemic. This was dominated by large, but mostly temporary reductions in road traffic emissions that manifested in air quality changes observable from satellite instruments and surface air quality measurement networks. As a result, Atmosphere published a series of insightful analyses from several continents, including rich datasets.

For this second volume, we are once again seeking manuscripts that use remotely sensed or in situ measurement data to provide insights into the effects of the pandemic on urban air quality. In addition, considering the rapid recovery of social and economic activity in many parts of the world, we solicit manuscripts that address questions of how and how fast air pollution around the world has or has not returned to pre-pandemic levels. Since the initial emissions reductions were likely not uniform, and neither was the return to “normal”, we are looking forward to continued analyses of the altered mobile sector and other emissions that can be traced to societal challenges and changes driven by the world’s pandemic responses. In this regard, we encourage comprehensive studies that bring these air quality changes into the broader perspective of health effects.

Dr. Gunnar W. Schade
Prof. Dr. Nicole Mölders
Dr. Daniele Contini
Dr. Gabriele Curci
Dr. Francesca Costabile
Prof. Dr. Prashant Kumar
Dr. Chris G. Tzanis
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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1270 KiB  
Article
The Dynamic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Multifractal Cross-Correlations between PM2.5 and O3 Concentrations in and around Shanghai, China
by Xing Li and Fang Su
Atmosphere 2022, 13(12), 1964; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13121964 - 24 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1188
Abstract
Although the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused serious restrictions on human activities in and around Shanghai, China, the period can be viewed as a helpful experiment to investigate the correlation between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations. In this study, the hourly [...] Read more.
Although the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic caused serious restrictions on human activities in and around Shanghai, China, the period can be viewed as a helpful experiment to investigate the correlation between PM2.5 and O3 concentrations. In this study, the hourly PM2.5 and O3 series in four cities (i.e., Shanghai, Jiaxing, Nantong and Suzhou) from 27 November 2019 to 23 March 2020 are used. The “seesaw effect” is observed in the study data. The dynamic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the multifractal cross-correlations and the coordinated control degree of PM2.5-O3 are examined in these cities. First of all, the multifractal cross-correlations, multifractality components and dynamic influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on cross-correlations between PM2.5 and O3 in four cities are illustrated. Furthermore, a new quantification index, ζ, evaluating the coordinated control degree of PM2.5-O3 is developed, validated and compared. The multifractal cross-correlation analysis results reveal that the cross-correlations between PM2.5 and O3 in and around Shanghai both before and during the COVID-19 partial lockdown have multifractal characteristics. Moreover, there are weaker multifractal cross-correlation degrees of PM2.5-O3 in four cities during the COVID-19 partial lockdown. The multifractal cause analysis based on stochastic simulation illustrates that the impacts of multifractality due to the nonlinear correlation part are greater than the linear correlation part and the fat-tailed probability distribution part in and around Shanghai. The intrinsic multifractal cross-correlations decreased in all cities during the COVID-19 lockdown. However, the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the multifractal cross-correlations are limited from the perspective of intrinsic multifractality. The mean values of ζ in and around Shanghai all increase during the COVID-19 partial lockdown, which indicates that the PM2.5-O3 coordinated control degrees in all four cities become weaker. Full article
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16 pages, 3567 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Lockdown Effectiveness during COVID-19 Pandemic Using Air Pollution Data in Armenia in March–June 2019 and 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Aelita Sargsyan, Narek Galstyan, Hamazasp Nahatakyan and Maria Manuela Morales-Suárez-Varela
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1563; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101563 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2643
Abstract
Various methods used by different countries’ governments to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the cause of pandemic in 2020, affected air quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lockdown in Armenia on the content of [...] Read more.
Various methods used by different countries’ governments to control the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the cause of pandemic in 2020, affected air quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lockdown in Armenia on the content of the main air pollutants—dust, SO2 and NO2. This was a cross-sectional study. We analyzed data on the concentrations of SO2, NO2 and dust from March to June, 2019 and the same period in 2020 as well as data on positive COVID-19 cases from Yerevan, Vanadzor and Hrazdan. In 2020, dust was found to be lower in Yerevan and in Hrazdan and higher in Vanadzor than in the same period in 2019. The same pattern was present for SO2 concentrations: in Yerevan and Hrazdan there was a decrease, and there was an increase in Vanadzor. The concentrations of NO2 increased in Yerevan and Hrazdan, with a slight decrease in Vanadzor. New cases of COVID-19 had a negative correlation with dust and a positive correlation with SO2. The strict quarantine measures were effective in containing the spread of COVID-19. Full article
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