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Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in...
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Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in Natural and Artificial Anaerobic Systems

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 11127

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Peng Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650032, China
Interests: methane emission; biochar; carbon cycle; extracellular electron transfer
Dr. Chuancheng Fu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
Interests: blue carbon; soil and sediment biogeochemistry; climate change
Dr. Jian Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, Shandong, China
Interests: methane production; artificial anaerobic systems; microbiome; metagenomics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Global warming caused by the annual increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has aroused great concern worldwide. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major contributor; methane (CH4) is also problematic, contributing 15% to global warming. Natural and artificial anaerobic systems, including but not limited to wetlands and landfill, are the primary sources of CO2 and CH4 emission to the atmosphere, and contribute significantly to the global greenhouse effect. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms and influencing factors of fermentative bacteria and methanogens is critical to regulating CO2 and CH4 emissions. Greenhouse gases are influenced by various environmental factors, such as soil properties, water content, pH, organic matter, and redox potential. Further, human activities also exacerbate greenhouse gas emissions (aerosols, microplastics, nitrogen deposition, etc.). Additionally, the direct conversion of CO2 and CH4 should receive more attention, and microbial interspecies electron transfer in this regard is worthy of in-depth analysis.

This Special Issue invites research papers addressing one or more aspects of CO2 and CH4 emission from natural and artificial anaerobic systems and aims to deepen our knowledge of the processes and potential ecological effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Topics of interest for the Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • The adaptation mechanisms of CO2 and CH4 emissions to environmental changes.
  • New technologies to reduce CO2 and CH4 emissions from natural and artificial anaerobic systems.
  • CO2 and CH4 emissions affected by artificial sources.
  • Interspecies electron exchange during CO2 and CH4 emission process.

Dr. Peng Zhang
Dr. Chuancheng Fu
Dr. Jian Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 and CH4
  • natural ecosystems
  • artificial anaerobic systems
  • climate change
  • artificial pollution source
  • extracellular electron transfer

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1826 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Analysis and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Assessment of the First Large-Scale Biogas Generation Plant in West Africa
by Haoran Chen, Qian Xu, Shikun Cheng, Ting Wu, Tong Boitin, Sunil Prasad Lohani, Heinz-Peter Mang, Zifu Li and Xuemei Wang
Atmosphere 2023, 14(5), 876; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050876 - 17 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2663
Abstract
More than 500 million people will be added to Africa’s cities by 2040, marking the largest urbanization in history. However, nonrenewable fossil energy sources are inadequate to meet Africa’s energy needs, and their overexploitation leads to intensified global warming. Fortunately, Africa has a [...] Read more.
More than 500 million people will be added to Africa’s cities by 2040, marking the largest urbanization in history. However, nonrenewable fossil energy sources are inadequate to meet Africa’s energy needs, and their overexploitation leads to intensified global warming. Fortunately, Africa has a huge potential for biomass energy, which will be an important option for combating climate change and energy shortage. In this study, we present a typical large-scale biogas plant in Burkina Faso, West Africa (Ouagadougou Biogas Plant, OUA), which is the first large-scale biogas generation plant in West Africa. The primary objective of OUA is to treat human feces, and it serves as a demonstration plant for generating electricity for feed-in tariffs. The objectives of this study are to assess the greenhouse gas reduction capacity and economic, environmental, and social benefits of OUA and to analyze the opportunities and challenges of developing biogas projects in Africa. As a result, the net economic profit of the OUA biogas plant is approximately USD 305,000 per year, with an anticipated static payback period of 14.5 years. The OUA plant has the capacity to treat 140,000 tons of human feces and 3000 tons of seasonal mixed organic waste annually, effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 5232.61 tCO2eq, improving the habitat, and providing over 30 local jobs. Finally, the development of biogas projects in Africa includes advantages such as suitable natural conditions, the need for social development, and domestic and international support, as well as challenges in terms of national policies, insufficient funding, technical maintenance, and social culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in Natural and Artificial Anaerobic Systems)
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21 pages, 8119 KiB  
Article
Multiple Factors Driving Carbonate System in Subtropical Coral Community Environments along Dapeng Peninsula, South China Sea
by Bo Yang, Zhuo Zhang, Zhouping Cui, Ziqiang Xie, Bogui Chen, Huina Zheng, Baolin Liao, Jin Zhou and Baohua Xiao
Atmosphere 2023, 14(4), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040688 - 6 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1806
Abstract
Coral reef ecosystems have extremely high primary productivity and play an important role in the marine carbon cycle. However, due to the high carbon metabolism efficiency of coral communities, little is known about the carbon sink–source properties of coral reefs. In November 2022, [...] Read more.
Coral reef ecosystems have extremely high primary productivity and play an important role in the marine carbon cycle. However, due to the high carbon metabolism efficiency of coral communities, little is known about the carbon sink–source properties of coral reefs. In November 2022, in situ field investigations coupled with incubation experiments were conducted in typical subtropical coral reef waters, i.e., Yangmeikeng Sea Area (Area I) and Dalu Bay (Area Ⅱ), to explore the dynamics of the carbonate system and its controlling factors. The results revealed that the carbonate parameters had high variability, comprehensively forced by various physical and biochemical processes. Overall, Areas I and Ⅱ were net sinks of atmospheric CO2, with net uptake fluxes of 1.66 ± 0.40 and 0.99 ± 0.08 mmol C m−2 day−1, respectively. The aragonite saturation state (ΩA), 3.04–3.87, was within the range adequate for growth of tropical shallow-water scleractinian corals. Inorganic carbon budget results indicated that photosynthesis and microbial respiration were the main factors affecting the dynamics of carbonate systems in the whole study area. However, focusing on the reef areas, coral metabolism was also a key factor affecting the carbonate system in seawater (especially in Area I) and its contribution accounted for 28.9–153.3% of the microbial respiration. This study highlighted that metabolism of coral communities could significantly affect the seawater carbonate system, which is of great significance in the context of the current process of ocean acidification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in Natural and Artificial Anaerobic Systems)
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13 pages, 1815 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Eutrophication in Jiaozhou Bay via Water Color Parameters Determination with UAV-Borne Hyperspectral Imagery
by Xin Pan, Zhangjun Wang, Habib Ullah, Chao Chen, Xiufen Wang, Xianxin Li, Hui Li, Quanfeng Zhuang, Boyang Xue and Yang Yu
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 387; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020387 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1712
Abstract
The continued increase in greenhouse gas emissions as a result of unprecedented eutrophication has resulted in a rising trend of red tides in the sea, which may be responsible for ecological degradation in the surrounding environment. Studies rarely investigate the accurate concentration of [...] Read more.
The continued increase in greenhouse gas emissions as a result of unprecedented eutrophication has resulted in a rising trend of red tides in the sea, which may be responsible for ecological degradation in the surrounding environment. Studies rarely investigate the accurate concentration of seawater eutrophication substances in offshore aquaculture areas, which may lead to the exacerbated pollution of inshore aquaculture. We examined whether offshore seawater quality monitoring can be effectively performed through unmanned aerial vehicles’ (UAVs) airborne hyperspectral remote sensing technique at Jiaozhou Bay, a water body associated with eutrophication. We used the UAV airborne hyperspectral imager to detect and measure typical marine aquaculture areas in Jiaozhou Bay and selected the key parameters of seawater quality, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations, and total suspended matter (TSM) concentrations as indicators of seawater eutrophication. The hyperspectral inversion model of the Jiaozhou Bay seawater (JZBZ) was established with the optimal sensitive band of parameters. Results showed that in comparison with the traditional inversion model, the inversion R2 of the Chl-a was 0.712, the RPD was 3.72, and the inversion R2 of the TSM concentration was 0.756 while the RPD was 5.83. We found that this model is more suitable for the retrieval of water color parameters in Jiaozhou Bay. Additionally, by actual measurement, it can be seen that the concentration ranges of Chl-a in the observation area are 0.380–1.74 mg/m3, and the concentration range of TSM is 12.6–131 mg/L. The results of this study indicate that the Jiaozhou Bay Water Quality Translation Model (JZBM), based on the UAV airborne hyperspectral imager, performs well in the inversion of the concentration of chlorophyll and suspended particulate matter in offshore water, which advances our understanding with a new method to assess the degree of eutrophication in coastal waters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in Natural and Artificial Anaerobic Systems)
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11 pages, 2167 KiB  
Article
Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems
by Xiaoyu Li, Lirong Zhang, Lifeng Zhou, Jian Liu, Meng Zhou, Zhengyu Lin, Min Luo, Baohua Zhang and Leilei Xiao
Atmosphere 2022, 13(11), 1796; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111796 - 30 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2328
Abstract
Currently, microplastic pollution poses a great threat to diverse ecosystems. Microplastics can potentially change soil characteristics and impact soil microorganisms, and then affect the production of CO2, CH4 and other greenhouse gases. However, experimental study on different ecological soils is [...] Read more.
Currently, microplastic pollution poses a great threat to diverse ecosystems. Microplastics can potentially change soil characteristics and impact soil microorganisms, and then affect the production of CO2, CH4 and other greenhouse gases. However, experimental study on different ecological soils is lacking. Herein, we experimentally analyzed the CO2 and CH4 production potential affected by four types of microplastics in freshwater (Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province, paddy soil in Hunan province) and saltwater (Salt marsh in Shandong province, mangrove soil in Fujian province) ecosystems. Microplastics promoted CO2 production, of which polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had the greatest impact. In our study, the microplastics that had the greatest impact on CH4 concentration emissions were high-density polyethylene (1276 umol·g−1·L−1), followed by polyvinyl chloride (384 umol·g−1·L−1), polyethylene terephthalate (198 umol·g−1·L−1), and polyamide (134 umol·g−1·L−1). In addition, the largest impact on CO2 concentration emissions was displayed by polyethylene terephthalate (2253 umol·g−1·L−1), followed by polyvinyl chloride (2194 umol·g−1·L−1), polyamide (2006 umol·g−1·L−1), and high-density polyethylene (1522 umol·g−1·L−1). However, the analysis results based on one-way ANOVA showed that CO2 emission was most significantly affected by soil properties rather than microplastics types. In comparison, the influencing factor on CH4 production changed from soil types to the interaction between soil types and microplastics, and finally to the microplastics with the increase in incubation time. Further, by comparing CO2 and CH4 production and Global Warming Equivalent (GWE) affected by microplastics, freshwater ecosystems were more sensitive than saltwater. For all the soil types used in this study, high-density polyethylene had the greatest impact on CH4 production potential. In conclusion, our study provided basic data for further understanding the effects of microplastics on soil greenhouse gas emissions from different sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in Natural and Artificial Anaerobic Systems)
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17 pages, 4439 KiB  
Article
Gas Emissions and Environmental Benefits of Wheat Cultivated under Different Fertilization Managements in Mollisols
by Chunzhu Liu, Meng Zhou, Yingxue Zhu, Xianfa Ma, Qi Wang, Lianzhou Xu, Ying Zhao and Wenxiu Zou
Atmosphere 2022, 13(10), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101702 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1793
Abstract
The NH3, N2O and CO2 emissions from farmland soil pose a great threat to the environment, and the application of organic fertilizer and other reasonable fertilization measures can reduce soil gas emissions. However, research into greenhouse gas emissions [...] Read more.
The NH3, N2O and CO2 emissions from farmland soil pose a great threat to the environment, and the application of organic fertilizer and other reasonable fertilization measures can reduce soil gas emissions. However, research into greenhouse gas emissions and environmental benefits under the combined measures of partial substitution of organic fertilizer and phased application of chemical fertilizer is limited. Herein, a field experiment involving soil gas emission monitoring was conducted to study the effects of chemical fertilizer application in stages on Mollisols’ gas emissions and environmental benefits based on the partial replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. Five treatments were set up, including conventional nitrogen application (CF); no nitrogen application (N0); and one-stage (N1), two-stage (N2) and three-stage (N3) application of chemical nitrogen based on 25% of chemical nitrogen being replaced with organic fertilizer. The results showed that N1 had the best emission reduction. Compared with CF, N1 reduced NH3 volatilization and N2O and CO2 emission accumulation by 27.64%, 12.09% and 15.48%, respectively. Compared with N2 and N3, N1 could better reduce the soil urease, nitrate reductase, catalase and β-glucosidase activities, reduce the rate of the conversion of urea and organic carbon, increase the content of NH4+-N in the soil and reduce the NH3 volatilization rate and N2O and CO2 emission rates. A comprehensive analysis showed that N1 showed the best effects in reducing the soil gas emission rate, and environmental cost. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Greenhouse Gases’ Emission Processes and Potential in Natural and Artificial Anaerobic Systems)
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