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Atmosphere
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Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres
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Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Planetary Atmospheres".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 September 2023) | Viewed by 11199

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Erdal Yiğit

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Guest Editor
Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
Interests: gravity waves; planetary atmospheres; vertical coupling; solar tides; general circulation modeling
Dr. Alexander Medvedev

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Guest Editor
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
Interests: planetary atmospheres; gravity waves
Prof. Dr. Shuanggen Jin

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Guest Editor
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
Interests: GNSS meteorology; remote sensing; space/planetary exploration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ed Thiemann

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Interests: planetary upper atmosphere variability and climate; solar irradiance variability; solar irradiance instrumentation; solar occultation instrumentation
Prof. Dr. Jun Cui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
Interests: upper atmospheres and ionospheres of terrestrial planets

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Internal atmospheric waves are ubiquitous in terrestrial and planetary atmospheres and ionospheres. They contribute to atmospheric variability, produce fluctuations in ionization, and control the global structure of winds and temperature. They have been heavily studied in Earth’s whole atmosphere by ground-based and space-born instruments; in particular, there is a growing interest in characterizing waves and quantifying their effects in planetary atmospheres and ionospheres in a local and global manner. This Special Issue focuses on processes related to atmospheric waves, including gravity waves, tides, and planetary waves, and in general, the spatio-temporal variability in the atmosphere and ionosphere. We welcome contributions related to the Earth and other planetary atmospheres, especially Mars, Venus, and the outer planets. All methods of studying atmospheric waves and variability are of interest. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include:

  1. Remote sensing of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres. In particular, recent results from Earth (e.g., GOLD, ICON, COSMIC-2, etc.), Mars missions (e.g., MAVEN, ExoMARS, Tianwen-1, Mars Express, etc.), and Jupiter (JUNO) are welcome.

  2. General circulation modeling and numerical modeling of planetary atmospheres.

  3. Observation of Earth's middle and upper atmospheres, e.g., via radars, lidars, GPS-TEC, and satellites.

  4. Global structure, variability, and sources of gravity waves, planetary-Rossby waves, Kelvin waves, tide, and traveling ionospheric and atmospheric disturbances.

  5. Vertical coupling induced by propagating waves in planetary atmospheres and ionospheres.

  6. Role of wave and variability in atmospheric escape and cloud formation.

  7. Comparative planetology.

Dr. Erdal Yiğit
Dr. Alexander Medvedev
Prof. Dr. Shuanggen Jin
Dr. Ed Thiemann
Prof. Dr. Jun Cui
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • planetary atmospheres
  • planetary ionospheres
  • gravity waves
  • remote sensing
  • vertical coupling
  • Mars
  • Jupiter
  • planetary missions
  • satellite missions
  • atmospheric variability

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1100 KiB  
Article
A New Analytical Simulation Code of Acoustic-Gravity Waves of Seismic Origin and Rapid Co-Seismic Thermospheric Disturbance Energetics
by Saul A. Sanchez and Esfhan A. Kherani
Atmosphere 2024, 15(5), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050592 - 13 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 926
Abstract
A recent study the detection of coseismic ionospheric disturbances or ionoquakes less than 400 s from the earthquake’s onset. The study also associates these rapid ionoquakes with the seismo-atmosphere–ionosphere (SAI) coupling mechanism energized by acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and the subsequent formation of coseismic [...] Read more.
A recent study the detection of coseismic ionospheric disturbances or ionoquakes less than 400 s from the earthquake’s onset. The study also associates these rapid ionoquakes with the seismo-atmosphere–ionosphere (SAI) coupling mechanism energized by acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) and the subsequent formation of coseismic thermospheric disturbances (CSTDs). The present study outlines a new analytical simulation code for AGWs that resolves the governing equations in the time–altitude and wavenumber domain and confirms the rapid arrival of AGWs in the thermosphere (earlier than the estimated arrival time from the ray-tracing simulation). The rapid arrivals of AGWs are associated with long wavelengths that connect to thermospheric altitudes and propagate with thermospheric sound speeds, avoiding averaging effects from the lower atmosphere. The fast simulation traces the rapid arrival of AGWs in the thermosphere and produces rapid CSTDs within 250–300 s from the earthquake’s onset. The simulation time is much shorter than the formation time of near-field CSTDs, a scenario favorable for the forecasting of CSTDs before observations of ionoquakes. In essence, the fast simulation offers an alternative tool for tracking the evolution of CSTDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres)
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41 pages, 10492 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Eclipsed Sun on Terrestrial Atmospheric Parameters in Desert Locations: A Comprehensive Overview and Two Events Case Study in Saudi Arabia
by Abouazza Elmhamdi, Michael T. Roman, Marcos A. Peñaloza-Murillo, Jay M. Pasachoff, Yu Liu, Z. A. Al-Mostafa, A. H. Maghrabi, Jacob Oloketuyi and H. A. Al-Trabulsy
Atmosphere 2024, 15(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010062 - 1 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3757
Abstract
This paper is devoted to the analysis of air temperature and humidity changes during the two solar eclipses of 26 December 2019 and 21 June 2020 in Saudi Arabia based on data we collected from two different sites. We highlight the complexity of [...] Read more.
This paper is devoted to the analysis of air temperature and humidity changes during the two solar eclipses of 26 December 2019 and 21 June 2020 in Saudi Arabia based on data we collected from two different sites. We highlight the complexity of humidity’s response to a solar eclipse, which is quite different from temperature’s response. During the December event, the Sun rose already partially eclipsed, while for the June eclipse, it was only partial at Riyadh. This difference apparently affected the observed response on the recorded variables: temperature, relative humidity (RH), and vapor pressure (VP) in the two events. Changes in these variables went unnoticed for the first eclipse since they were within the natural variability of the day; yet for the other, they showed evident alterations in the slopes of the major parameters, which we analyze and discuss. A decrease in temperature of 3.2 °C was detected in Riyadh. However, RH and VP showed an oscillation that we explain taking into account a similar effect reported in other eclipses. We measured a time lag of about 15 min from the eclipse central phase in the city. Related fluctuations and dynamics from the computed rates of the temporal variation of temperature and RH are scrutinized. Furthermore, an overdue significant review of terrestrial atmospheric parameters is also offered in the context of the eclipse meteorology, particularly related to desert atmospheres. We also try to identify the influence of solar eclipses in similar environments doing a broad inter-comparison with other observations of these variables in the Near East, northern Africa, and in the United States. These inter-comparisons reveal how complex and dissimilar the response of the lower atmosphere to a solar eclipse can be within a desert environment and other similar environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres)
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15 pages, 2199 KiB  
Article
Detection of Migrating and Non-Migrating Atmospheric Tides Derived from ERA5 Temperature Meteorological Analyses
by Philippe Keckhut, Thomas Lefebvre, Alain Hauchecorne, Mustapha Meftah and Sergey Khaykin
Atmosphere 2023, 14(5), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050895 - 20 May 2023
Viewed by 1764
Abstract
To better extract the tides represented in the European meteorological analysis ERA5, an analysis of the histograms of the diurnal and semi-diurnal modes as a function of longitudes was performed. This analysis revealed that modes with different characteristics appeared regionally along a single [...] Read more.
To better extract the tides represented in the European meteorological analysis ERA5, an analysis of the histograms of the diurnal and semi-diurnal modes as a function of longitudes was performed. This analysis revealed that modes with different characteristics appeared regionally along a single longitude. Retrieved migrating tides were compared with a tidal model showing global agreement below 60 km and twice the amplitude in meteorological analyses at mid-latitude. Non-migrating tidal modes have been identified along the tropical band. They logically appear above the convective zones, probably due to water vapor excess. Their characteristics are different from migrating components. This preliminary study has shown that it is necessary to develop additional observations allowing for more frequent sampling to retrieve migrating and non-migrating tides that can only be achieved with satellite constellations from space. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres)
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13 pages, 3365 KiB  
Article
Molecular Kinetic Simulations of Transient and Steady Wave Propagation into a Planet’s Exosphere
by Lucia Tian, Robert E. Johnson, Orenthal J. Tucker, Adam K. Woodson, Hayley N. Williamson and Shane R. Carberry Mogan
Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030441 - 23 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1583
Abstract
The vertical propagation of wave energy into a planet’s exosphere, a process that affects atmospheric evolution, is calculated here using 1D molecular kinetic simulations. Effects sensitive to molecular interactions are examined by comparing simulation results to solutions of linear fluid models for steady [...] Read more.
The vertical propagation of wave energy into a planet’s exosphere, a process that affects atmospheric evolution, is calculated here using 1D molecular kinetic simulations. Effects sensitive to molecular interactions are examined by comparing simulation results to solutions of linear fluid models for steady wave activity using parameters associated with Mars’ upper atmosphere. In addition to correctly describing the wave behavior in the exobase region, these simulations directly yield nonlinear effects such as atmospheric heating. They also readily include the transient behavior due to the onset and decay of waves propagating into the rarefied region of a planet’s atmosphere. This is a first step in understanding the effects of variable wave activity in the region where the atmosphere evolves from collisional to collisionless. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres)
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19 pages, 24371 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Variability of Non-Migrating Diurnal Tides in the Stratosphere from CMAM30, ERA-Interim, and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC
by Subhajit Debnath and Uma Das
Atmosphere 2023, 14(2), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020265 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1533
Abstract
The variability of non-migrating tides in the stratosphere is investigated using temperature data from Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM30), ERA-interim reanalysis and Formosa Satellite-3 and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) from 2006 to 2010 using a ±10-day window. CMAM30 [...] Read more.
The variability of non-migrating tides in the stratosphere is investigated using temperature data from Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model (CMAM30), ERA-interim reanalysis and Formosa Satellite-3 and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) from 2006 to 2010 using a ±10-day window. CMAM30 and ERA results show that the amplitudes of non-migrating tides, DS0 and DW2, are negligible in the mid and high-latitude stratosphere, and the results from satellite datasets are significantly affected by aliasing in this region, in spite of using a smaller window size for analysis (±10 days). Significant short term variability ranging from 30 to 100 days is observed in DS0 and DW2 over the equatorial and tropical latitudes. These tides are seen as two prominent bands around the equator with DS0 maximising during boreal summers and DW2 maximising during boreal winters. These variabilities are compared with the variability in amplitude of the stationary planetary wave with wavenumber one (SPW1) in the high-latitude stratosphere using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). It is found that during boreal winters, the variability of SPW1 at 10 hPa over 65° N is similar to that of DS0 and DW2 over the equator at 0.0007 hPa. This provides evidence that SPW1 from the high-altitude stratosphere moving upward and equator-ward could be interacting with the migrating diurnal tide and generating the non-migrating tides in the equatorial mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The variabilities, however, are not comparable during summers, with SPW1 being absent in the Northern Hemisphere. It is thus concluded that non-linear interactions could be a source of non-migrating tidal variability in the equatorial MLT region during boreal winters, but during summers, the tidal variabilities have other sources in the lower atmosphere. The anti-symmetric nature of the vertical global structures indicates that these tides could be the result of global atmospheric oscillations proposed by the classical tidal theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waves and Variability in Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres)
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