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Bioengineering
Special Issues
Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases
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Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 14793

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Božana Lončar-Brzak

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Guest Editor
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: oral medicine; oral cancer; oral potentially malignant lesions; burning mouth syndrome; photobiomodulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chengfei Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Interests: dental stem cell
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ivona Bago

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: endodontics; application of lasers in dental medicine; microbiology in endodontics; restorative dental medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lasers have been used in medicine and dentistry for decades, as a stand-alone treatment method or as an adjunct to conventional therapy. Due to advancements in their application, they are used in various branches of dentistry, such as oral medicine, periodontology, oral surgery, orthodontics, implantology, restorative dentistry and pediatric dentistry.

High-power lasers are mainly used for surgical excisions in soft tissue or for root canal disinfection and debridement. Results have shown the advantages of laser excision, such as higher precision, reduction of scarring and need for suture, hemostasis and better healing.

Low-level laser therapy is a non-invasive treatment method that is also called "photobiomodulation". It has a biostimulating effect on tissues that includes anti-inflammatory action, analgesic effect and healing, and therefore it is suitable for various painful conditions and ulcerations of the oral mucosa. A variety of results from the literature describe its application for neuralgias, burning mouth syndrome, mucositis, aphthous ulcerations, herpes simplex virus infections, immune-mediated diseases and xerostomia. It is a painless method of treatment which is well-accepted by patients. The literature shows that low-level laser therapy can be used for dentinal hypersensitivity, erosion, osseointegration and temporomandibular joint disorders, but also for reducing pain experienced during tooth movements in orthodontics due to its analgesic and regenerative potential.

There are many results in the literature, though they vary in the applied laser therapy parameters and are therefore difficult to compare. New research with more patients will help to develop standardized protocols to treat a single diagnosis. Therefore, I invite you all to contribute to this Special Issue of Bioengineering with your results on laser therapy in oral diseases.

This Issue will be accepting contributions (both original articles and reviews) mainly centered on the following topics:

  • Low-level laser therapy of oral diseases (xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, neuralgias, mucositis, ulcerations).
  • Low-level laser therapy in periodontology.
  • Applications of lasers in soft-tissue surgery.
  • Low-level laser therapy in orthodontics.
  • Laser therapy in restorative dentistry.
  • Lasers in endodontics.

Dr. Božana Lončar-Brzak
Prof. Dr. Chengfei Zhang
Dr. Ivona Bago
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser therapy
  • low-level laser therapy
  • photobiomodulation
  • oral diseases
  • laser parameters

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1147 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of Laser Applications and Photodynamic Therapy on Relevant Periodontal Pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans) Associated with Immunomodulating Anti-rheumatic Drugs
by Maria-Alexandra Martu, Ionut Luchian, Mihai Mares, Sorina Solomon, Oana Ciurcanu, Vlad Danila, Elena Rezus and Liliana Foia
Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010061 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2414
Abstract
Considering the current context of the increasing resistance of bacterial species to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, a major objective is to develop other antimicrobial approaches, which would be able to inactivate pathogens with considerable effectiveness. Two such methods are photodynamic disinfection therapy [...] Read more.
Considering the current context of the increasing resistance of bacterial species to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents, a major objective is to develop other antimicrobial approaches, which would be able to inactivate pathogens with considerable effectiveness. Two such methods are photodynamic disinfection therapy and laser irradiation. In view of the immunocompromised status of some patients under immunosuppressive therapy and potential drug interactions that can be established between systemic antimicrobial agents, the research of local, minimally invasive methods of inactivating periodontal pathogens in the context of these systemic therapies with modifying drugs of the immune response is justified. This in vitro study evaluated the antimicrobial action of a diode laser, wavelength 940 nm, and photodisinfection therapy at 670 nm (photosensitizer, 3,7 dimethyl phenothiazine chloride) on a type strain of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a known periodontal pathogen, in the presence and absence of active substances used in autoimmune disease therapy (Etanercept, Infliximab, Metothrexate). The association of a conventional antirheumatic drug with anti-TNF-α therapy determined a significantly greater inhibition of the strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans compared to monotherapy, in vitro. Photodisinfection caused a significant reduction in bacterial burden after a 30 s exposure in vitro, regardless of the pharmaceutical associations of biological and conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). Irradiation with a diode laser for 30 s at a power of 5 W caused a greater reduction compared to irradiation with 1 W. The application of laser and photodisinfection induced a significant reduction in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in vitro and could be considered important adjunctive measures for the eradication of this oral pathogen in the context of immunomodulating therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases)
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9 pages, 761 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy of Er:YAG Laser-Activated Shock Wave-Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming Compared to Ultrasonically Activated Irrigation and Needle Irrigation in the Removal of Bioceramic Filling Remnants from Oval Root Canals—An Ex Vivo Study
by Gabrijela Kapetanović Petričević, Marko Katić, Valentina Brzović Rajić, Ivica Anić and Ivona Bago
Bioengineering 2022, 9(12), 820; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120820 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2065
Abstract
The removal of filling material is important for successful root canal retreatment. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of two activated irrigation techniques, the shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) mode of the Er:YAG laser and ultrasonically activated irrigation [...] Read more.
The removal of filling material is important for successful root canal retreatment. The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of two activated irrigation techniques, the shock wave-enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) mode of the Er:YAG laser and ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) and a conventional syringe-needle technique (SNI), in the removal of bioceramic sealer/gutta-percha during conventional retreatment in oval root canals. The study sample consisted of distal root canals of 42 extracted human mandibular molars, which were prepared using a ProTaper Next system up to size 40/0.06 and filled with bioceramic sealer using a single-cone obturation technique. The teeth were then re-treated with a Reciproc Blue RB40 file and 3% sodium hypochlorite solution. The prepared teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 14 per group) and subjected to one of the three irrigation methods. Micro-CT scans were performed at different stages to assess the amount of filling material after each retreatment phase. The results of the study showed that all the tested irrigation techniques reduced a statistically significant amount of the remnant filling material at retreatment (p < 0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences in efficacy between the three methods. All tested techniques had similar efficacy in the removal of the remaining filling remnants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases)
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8 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Sealing Ability of Bioactive Root-End Filling Materials in Retro Cavities Prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG Laser and Ultrasonic Techniques
by Ivona Bago, Ružica Lucić, Ana Budimir, Valentina Rajić, Merima Balić and Ivica Anić
Bioengineering 2022, 9(7), 314; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070314 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2170
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical sealing ability of total fill bioceramic root repair material (BC-RRM) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), regarding the retrograde preparation technique used: ultrasonic or erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, or garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) [...] Read more.
The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the apical sealing ability of total fill bioceramic root repair material (BC-RRM) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), regarding the retrograde preparation technique used: ultrasonic or erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium, or garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser. The study sample consisted of 48 human single-rooted teeth. After root-end resection, the samples were divided into two groups, according to the retrograde preparation technique used: Group 1: ultrasonic; Group 2: Er,Cr:YSGG laser. In each group, half of the retrograde cavities were filled with BC-RRM, and the other half were filled with MTA. The specimens were mounted in tubes and sterilized in plasma. The root canals were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and the tubes were filled with fetal bovine serum, leaving the apical part of the root in the serum. After 30 days, the canals were sampled and cultured, and the colony forming units (CFUs) were counted with the additional polymerase chain reaction (PCR analysis). There was no significant difference between ultrasonic groups and the Er,Cr:YSGG-MTA group, regarding the number of CFUs (p > 0.05). The Er,Cr:YSGG-BC-RRM group showed the highest number of remaining viable bacteria (p < 0.001). Both filling materials filled in ultrasonic preparations presented similar sealing abilities. The BC-RRM showed more leakage when used in retro cavities prepared with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases)
16 pages, 10358 KiB  
Article
A Novel Technique for Disinfection Treatment of Contaminated Dental Implant Surface Using 0.1% Riboflavin and 445 nm Diode Laser—An In Vitro Study
by Luka Morelato, Ana Budimir, Igor Smojver, Ivan Katalinić, Marko Vuletić, Muhamed Ajanović and Dragana Gabrić
Bioengineering 2022, 9(7), 308; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070308 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2495
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a potential option for peri-implantitis treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a novel technique involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with 0.1% riboflavin solution [...] Read more.
Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been introduced as a potential option for peri-implantitis treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of a novel technique involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with 0.1% riboflavin solution (used as a photosensitizing dye) as applied on a bacterial–fungal biofilm formed on implants and to compare the performance of this technique with that of the commonly used combination of 660 nm diode laser with 0.1% methylene blue dye. Methods: An in vitro study was conducted on 80 titanium dental implants contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Candida albicans (CA) species. The implants were randomly divided into four groups: negative control (NC), without surface treatment; positive control (PC), treated with a 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX)-based solution; PDT1, 660 nm (EasyTip 320 µm, 200 mW, Q power = 100 mW, 124.34 W/cm2, 1240 J/cm2) with a 0.1% methylene blue dye; and PDT2, 445 nm (EasyTip 320 µm, 200 mW, Q power = 100 mW, 100 Hz, 124.34 W/cm2, 1.24 J/cm2) with a 0.1% riboflavin dye. Results: The PDT1 and PDT2 groups showed greater reduction of SA and CA in comparison to the NC group and no significant differences in comparison to the PC group. No statistically significant differences between the PDT1 and PDT2 groups were observed. Conclusions: A novel antimicrobial treatment involving a combination of 445 nm diode laser light with riboflavin solution showed efficiency in reducing SA and CA biofilm formation on dental implant surfaces comparable to those of the more commonly used PDT treatment consisting of 660 nm diode laser light with methylene blue dye or 0.2% CHX treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases)
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Review

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12 pages, 978 KiB  
Review
Photobiomodulation Therapy and Pulp-Regenerative Endodontics: A Narrative Review
by Jiawen Yong, Sabine Gröger, Zuping Wu, Sabine Ruf, Yuer Ye and Xiaoyan Chen
Bioengineering 2023, 10(3), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10030371 - 17 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4440
Abstract
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving [...] Read more.
Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) were used to recover the dental pulp’s vitality in order to avoid the undesirable outcomes of conventional endodontic treatment and to promote dentinal formation, especially for immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) exhibits photobiological and photochemical effects for improving the root canal’s environmental conditions by compensating for oxidative stress and increasing the blood supply to implanted stem cells and improving their survival. Basic research has revealed that PBMT can modulate human dental pulp stem cells’ (hDPSCs) differentiation, proliferation, and activity, and subsequent tissue activation. However, many unclear points still remain regarding the mechanisms of action induced by PBMT in REPs. Therefore, in this review, we present the applications of laser and PBMT irradiation to the procedures of REPs and in endodontics. In addition, the effects of PBMT on the regenerative processes of hDPSCs are reviewed from biochemical and cytological perspectives on the basis of the available literature. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells, including dental pulp stem cells, and we discuss research that has reported on its effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Laser Therapy in Oral Diseases)
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