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Biology
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2020) | Viewed by 26643

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Amr Elkelish

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Interests: transcriptomic and proteomic techniques; bioinformatics; molecular biology; biotechnology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hani Alrefai

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Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
Interests: immunological techniques; cancer research; cell imaging; molecular biology; biotechnology
Dr. Essa M. Saied

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Guest Editor
1. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
2. Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
Interests: synthetic organic chemistry; synthetic medicinal chemistry; stereochemistry; Heterocyclic Chemistry; drug synthesis and development; small molecule drug discovery by high-throughput library screening; computer aided drug design (modelling, virtual screening); chemistry of lipids; role of lipids in human diseases; development of biochemical tools to study structure and function of lipids; development of enzymatic assays
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Humans and animals are subjected to numerous abiotic and biotic stresses, which lead to the overrun of reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species function in physiological cell processes at low to moderate concentrations, but at high concentrations, they adversely affect cell components such as lipids and proteins and ultimately lead to oxidative stress. Antioxidant scavenging systems highly regulate the ROS level. Coordinated antioxidant systems control the detoxification of ROS and reduce oxidative stress. 

Oxidative stress is widely known for being engaged in the pathogenicity of numerous illnesses, including inflammation, atherosclerosis, ischemic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, aging, cancer, and diabetes mellitus. Since a detailed analysis of these stresses is essential both to analyze different pathological conditions and to examine the effectiveness of medications, the biomarkers used to assess oxidative stress have been gaining importance. In this Special Issue, the current experimental and therapeutic evidence will be established to identify oxidative stress-mediated disease and pathophysiological mechanisms, which can serve as a source of future research. 

Dr. Amr Elkelish
Dr. Hani Alrefai
Dr. Essa M. Saied
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Oxidative stress
  • Antioxidants
  • Redox
  • Aging
  • Cancer
  • Metabolism
  • Immunity
  • Metals
  • Infection
  • Cardiovascular
  • Vascular Disease
  • Neurological disorders
  • Medicinal plants
  • Microbiome
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Viruses
  • Fish
  • Pharmacology
  • Toxicology
  • Sphingolipids
  • Ceramide
  • Sphingomyelin
  • Organic synthesis
  • Immunopathogenesis
  • COVID-19
  • MicroRNA
  • Steroidal Alkaloids
  • Antimicrobial action
  • Nanoparticles
  • Plant stress tolerance

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1609 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway Enzyme 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase Plays a Key Role in Breast Cancer Metabolism
by Ibrahim H. Polat, Míriam Tarrado-Castellarnau, Rohit Bharat, Jordi Perarnau, Adrian Benito, Roldán Cortés, Philippe Sabatier and Marta Cascante
Biology 2021, 10(2), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10020085 - 23 Jan 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4771
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an essential role in the metabolism of breast cancer cells for the management of oxidative stress and the synthesis of nucleotides. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is one of the key enzymes of the oxidative branch of PPP and [...] Read more.
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an essential role in the metabolism of breast cancer cells for the management of oxidative stress and the synthesis of nucleotides. 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is one of the key enzymes of the oxidative branch of PPP and is involved in nucleotide biosynthesis and redox maintenance status. Here, we aimed to analyze the functional importance of 6PGD in a breast cancer cell model. Inhibition of 6PGD in MCF7 reduced cell proliferation and showed a significant decrease in glucose consumption and an increase in glutamine consumption, resulting in an important alteration in the metabolism of these cells. No difference in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels was observed after 6PGD inhibition, indicating that 6PGD, in contrast to glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, is not involved in redox balance. We found that 6PGD inhibition also altered the stem cell characteristics and mammosphere formation capabilities of MCF7 cells, opening new avenues to prevent cancer recurrance after surgery or chemotherapy. Moreover, inhibition of 6PGD via chemical inhibitor S3 resulted in an induction of senescence, which, together with the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, might be orchestrated by p53 activation. Therefore, we postulate 6PGD as a novel therapeutic target to treat breast cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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14 pages, 2002 KiB  
Article
Impact of Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana Plants on Herbicide Isoproturon Phytoremediation through Expressing Human Cytochrome P450-1A2
by Ehab Azab, Ahmad K. Hegazy, Adil A. Gobouri and Amr Elkelish
Biology 2020, 9(11), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9110362 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3241
Abstract
The excessive use of herbicides is a major cause of many environmental problems. The use of isoproturon herbicide as a weed controller has been a common practice globally. Phytoremediation technology can help in cleaning up polluted areas. In this paper the ability of [...] Read more.
The excessive use of herbicides is a major cause of many environmental problems. The use of isoproturon herbicide as a weed controller has been a common practice globally. Phytoremediation technology can help in cleaning up polluted areas. In this paper the ability of CYP1A2 transgenic A. thaliana plants in the phytoremediation of isoproturon herbicides has been investigated. We tested the capability of P450-1A2 overexpression on the detoxification and degradation of isoproturon. We explored the toxic effect of isoproturon on the plant phenotypic characteristics, including the primary root length, rosette diameter, and fresh, dry weight for transgenic and wild type A. thaliana. The results revealed that no morphological changes appeared on CYP1A2 transgenic plants with a high tolerance to isoproturon herbicide applications either via foliar spraying or supplementation of the growth medium. Deleterious effects were observed on the morphological characteristics of plants of the wild type grown in soil under different treatments with isoproturon. The transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibited a vigorous growth even at high doses of isoproturon treatments. In contrast, the growth of the wild type was significantly impaired with doses above 50 µM isoproturon. The transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing P450-1A2 were able to metabolize the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon. Therefore, this method can be determined as a potential bioremediation agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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17 pages, 4376 KiB  
Article
The Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Proliferative Potency of Argan Oil against Betamethasone-Induced Oxidative Renal Damage in Rats
by Sahar Hassan Orabi, Tamer S. Allam, Sherif Mohamed Shawky, Enas Abd El-aziz Tahoun, Hanem K. Khalifa, Rafa Almeer, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Nermeen Borai El-Borai and Ahmed Abdelmoniem Mousa
Biology 2020, 9(11), 352; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9110352 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3223
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of argan oil (AO) against nephrotoxic effects following overdose and long-term administration of betamethasone (BM). The phytochemical compositions of AO were assessed using GC/MS. Forty eight male Wister albino rats were divided into six [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of argan oil (AO) against nephrotoxic effects following overdose and long-term administration of betamethasone (BM). The phytochemical compositions of AO were assessed using GC/MS. Forty eight male Wister albino rats were divided into six groups and treated for 3 successive weeks. The control group was orally administrated distilled water daily, the BM group received BM (1 mg/kg, IM, day after day), AO/0.5 and AO/1 groups received AO (0.5 mL/kg, 1 mL/kg, orally, daily, respectively), BM + AO/0.5 group and BM + AO/1 group. The results revealed that BM induced hematological changes, including reduction of red blood cells with leukocytosis, neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Moreover, BM caused a significant increase of serum urea and creatinine levels, and renal malondialdehyde and nitric oxide contents with significant decrease of reduced glutathione content. BM also caused vascular, degenerative, and inflammatory histopathological alterations in kidney, along with an increase in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspase-3, and decrease of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Conversely, the concomitant administration of AO (0.5, 1 mL/kg) with BM ameliorated the aforementioned hematological, biochemical, pathological, and histochemical BM adverse effects. In conclusion, AO has protective effects against BM-induced renal damage, possibly via its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and proliferative properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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10 pages, 1783 KiB  
Article
Histomorphological and Redox Delineations in the Testis and Epididymis of Albino Rats Fed with Green-Synthesized Cellulose
by Chiagoziem A. Otuechere, Adewale Adewuyi, Olusegun L. Adebayo, Emmanuel Yawson, Omolara Kabiawu, Sarah Al-Rashed, Blessing Okubio, Amany M. Beshbishy and Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Biology 2020, 9(9), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090246 - 25 Aug 2020
Viewed by 2412
Abstract
It has also become increasingly necessary to diversify the production of cellulose for biomedical applications. In this study, cellulose-green-synthesized from Sesamum indicum (GSC)—was administered orally to rats for 14 days as follows: control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. The impact of GSC [...] Read more.
It has also become increasingly necessary to diversify the production of cellulose for biomedical applications. In this study, cellulose-green-synthesized from Sesamum indicum (GSC)—was administered orally to rats for 14 days as follows: control, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. The impact of GSC on the antioxidant status and histomorphology of the testes and epididymis were studied. GSC had no effects on organ weights and organosomatic indices. In the testes, GSC caused nonsignificant changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione and nitric oxide levels, whereas it significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels. In the epididymis, GSC significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide levels, but caused a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels. Furthermore, at ×200 magnification, testicular morphology appeared normal at all doses, however, extravasation of the germinal epithelium of the epididymis was observed at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg GSC. Conversely, at ×400 magnification, spermatogenic arrest (testes) and chromatolytic alterations (epididymis) were observed at the higher doses (200 and 400 mg/kg GSC). This study reports on the effect of green-synthesized cellulose on testicular and epididymal histology and redox status and further extends the frontiers of research on cellulose. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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17 pages, 4163 KiB  
Article
The Protective Role of Prenatal Alpha Lipoic Acid Supplementation against Pancreatic Oxidative Damage in Offspring of Valproic Acid-Treated Rats: Histological and Molecular Study
by Fatma M. Ghoneim, Hani Alrefai, Ayman Z. Elsamanoudy, Salwa M. Abo El-khair and Hanaa A. Khalaf
Biology 2020, 9(9), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9090239 - 20 Aug 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3667
Abstract
Background: Sodium valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) licensed for epilepsy and used during pregnancy in various indications. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound inducing endogenous antioxidant production. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal administration of VPA on [...] Read more.
Background: Sodium valproate (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) licensed for epilepsy and used during pregnancy in various indications. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound inducing endogenous antioxidant production. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal administration of VPA on the pancreas of rat offspring and assess the potential protective role of ALA co-administration during pregnancy. Methods: Twenty-eight pregnant female albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (negative control), group II (positive control, ALA treated), group III (VPA-treated), and group IV (VPA-ALA-treated). The pancreases of the rat offspring were removed at the fourth week postpartum and prepared for histological, immune-histochemical, morphometric, molecular, and oxidative stress marker studies. Results: In group III, there were pyknotic nuclei, vacuolated cytoplasm with ballooning of acinar, α, and β cells of the pancreas. Ultrastructural degeneration of cytoplasmic organelles was detected. Additionally, there was a significant increase in oxidative stress, a decrease in insulin-positive cell percentage, and an increase in glucagon positive cells in comparison to control groups. Moreover, VPA increased the gene expression of an apoptotic marker, caspase-3, with a decrease in anti-apoptotic Bcl2 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcriptional factor. Conversely, ALA improved oxidative stress and apoptosis in group VI, and a consequent improvement of the histological and ultrastructure picture was detected. Conclusion: ALA co-administration with VPA significantly improved the oxidative stress condition, histological and morphometric picture of the pancreas, and restored normal expression of related genes, including Nrf2, caspase-3, and Bcl-2. Administration of α-lipoic acid has a protective effect against VPA-induced pancreatic oxidative damage via its cytoprotective antioxidant effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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22 pages, 4117 KiB  
Article
Calligonum polygonoides L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem
by Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Younes M. Rashad, Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem, Sami A. Al-Barati, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed and Amr M. Mowafy
Biology 2020, 9(8), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080232 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4430
Abstract
Plant facilitation has a pivotal role in regulating species coexistence, particularly under arid environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the facilitative effect of Calligonum polygonoides L. on its understory plants in coastal habitat. Forty Calligonum shrubs were investigated and the environmental data [...] Read more.
Plant facilitation has a pivotal role in regulating species coexistence, particularly under arid environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the facilitative effect of Calligonum polygonoides L. on its understory plants in coastal habitat. Forty Calligonum shrubs were investigated and the environmental data (soil temperature, moisture, pH, salinity, carbon and nitrogen content, and light intensity), vegetation composition, and diversity of associated species were recorded under- and outside canopies. Eight of the most frequent understory species were selected for evaluating their response to the facilitative effect of C. polygonoides. Bioactive ingredients of Calligonum roots were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and mycorrhizal biodiversity in their rhizosphere soil was also assessed. The effect of Calligonum on understory plants ranged between facilitation and inhibition in an age-dependent manner. Old shrubs facilitated 18 and inhibited 18 associated species, while young shrubs facilitated 13 and inhibited 9 species. Calligonum ameliorated solar radiation and high-temperature stresses for the under canopy plants. Moreover, soil moisture was increased by 509.52% and 85.71%, while salinity was reduced by 47.62% and 23.81% under old and young shrubs, respectively. Soil contents of C and N were increased under canopy. This change in the microenvironment led to photosynthetic pigments induction in the majority of understory species. However, anthocyanin, proline contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced in plants under canopy. Thirteen mycorrhizal fungal species were identified in the rhizospheric soil of Calligonum with the predominance of Funneliformis mosseae. Thirty-one compounds were identified in Calligonum root extract in which pyrogallol and palmitic acid, which have antimicrobial and allelopathic activities, were the major components. The obtained results demonstrated that facilitation provided by Calligonum is mediated with multiple mechanisms and included a set of interrelated scenarios that took place in a species-specific manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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9 pages, 4803 KiB  
Article
Quercetin Caused Redox Homeostasis Imbalance and Activated the Kynurenine Pathway
by Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi, Chinemerem Ebugosi, Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor, Helal F. Hetta, Sarah Al-Rashed, David Adeiza Otohinoyi, Damilare Rotimi, Akinyomade Owolabi, Ikponmwosa Owen Evbuomwan and Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Biology 2020, 9(8), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080219 - 10 Aug 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
The search for new and better antimicrobial therapy is a continuous effort. Quercetin is a polyphenol with promising antimicrobial properties. However, the understanding of its antimicrobial mechanism is limited. In this study, we investigated the biochemical mechanistic action of quercetin as an antibacterial [...] Read more.
The search for new and better antimicrobial therapy is a continuous effort. Quercetin is a polyphenol with promising antimicrobial properties. However, the understanding of its antimicrobial mechanism is limited. In this study, we investigated the biochemical mechanistic action of quercetin as an antibacterial compound. Isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus were initially exposed to quercetin for antibacterial evaluation. Subsequently, S. aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative) cells were exposed to quercetin with or without ascorbic acid, and cells were harvested for selected biochemical assays. These assays included redox homeostasis (lipid peroxidation, total thiol, total antioxidant capacity), nitric oxide, and kynurenine concentration as well as DNA fragmentation. The results revealed that quercetin caused lipid peroxidation in the bacterial isolates. Lipid peroxidation may indicate ensuing oxidative stress resulting from quercetin treatment. Furthermore, tryptophan degradation to kynurenine was activated by quercetin in S. aureus but not in E. coli, suggesting that local L-tryptophan concentration might become limiting for bacterial growth. These findings, considered together, may indicate that quercetin restricts bacterial growth by promoting oxidative cellular stress, as well as by reducing the local L-tryptophan availability by activating the kynurenine pathway, thus contributing to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial action of quercetin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Oxidative Stress in Onset and Progression of Diseases)
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