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Biomedicines
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Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0
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Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 38687

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lars-Peter Kamolz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
2. COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Joanneum Research GmbH, Neue Stiftingtal Str., 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: plastic surgery; burn care; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; wound healing; outcome measures; high-impact leadership; circular economy; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials serve as an integral component of tissue engineering. They are designed to provide an architectural framework that allows for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the regeneration of functional human tissues. Despite the fact that the body has intrinsic self-healing properties, the extent of repair varies amongst different tissues, and may also be undermined by the severity of injury or disease.

The classic paradigm relies on a combination of biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and bioactive molecules to orchestrate tissue formation and integration within the host environment. An important avenue of tissue engineering is the development of biomaterials that can promote regenerative processes by effectively transporting cell populations and therapeutic agents, as well as providing a structural scaffolding that confers sufficient mechanical properties to tissues. Among a multitude of applications, tissues, such as bone and cartilage, skin and others, have garnered substantial interest from researchers and clinicians. Defects associated with these regions are quite prevalent in society and contribute to a diminished quality of life.

Over the years, many different processing techniques and scaffold designs have been extensively explored and have led to notable improvements in the quality of tissue engineered constructs. This Special Issue welcomes articles that discuss advances in tissue engineering. It is open for basic to clinical research as well as multi-disciplinary approaches.

We cordially invite authors to contribute original research articles or reviews that are focused on, but not limited to, the following:

  • The use of biomaterials in burn care.
  • Regenerative technologies: future trends.
  • Tissue engineering and regenerative technologies in wound care.
  • Biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Functional biomaterials for tissue engineering and regeneration.

Prof. Dr. Lars-Peter Kamolz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • scaffold
  • regeneration
  • cell growth
  • biomarker
  • tissue engineering
  • autoregeneration
  • bioprinting
  • 3D printing
  • wound healing

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4335 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Different Decellularization Protocols for Obtaining and Characterizing Canine Cardiac Extracellular Matrix
by Izabela Gabriela Rodrigues da Silva, Maria Angelica Miglino, Samara Silva de Souza, Daniela Vieira Buchaim and Rogerio Leone Buchaim
Biomedicines 2024, 12(6), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12061190 - 27 May 2024
Viewed by 864
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of mortality globally; even with low mortality in dogs, such diseases are described in the same way in companion animals and humans. This study aimed to devise an effective decellularization protocol for the canine myocardium through [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases are considered the leading cause of mortality globally; even with low mortality in dogs, such diseases are described in the same way in companion animals and humans. This study aimed to devise an effective decellularization protocol for the canine myocardium through the association of physical, chemical, and enzymatic methods, assessing resultant alterations in the myocardial extracellular matrix to obtain a suitable scaffold. Two canine hearts were collected; the samples were sectioned into ±1 cm2 fragments, washed in distilled water and 1× PBS solution, and followed by treatment under four distinct decellularization protocols. Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 1% 7 days + Triton X-100 1% for 48 h (Protocol I); Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 1% 5 days + Triton X-100 1% for 48 h (Protocol II); Trypsin 0.05% for 1 h at 36 °C + freezing −80 °C overnight + Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) 1% for 3 days, Triton-X-100 for 48 h hours (Protocol III); 0.05% trypsin for 1 h at 36 °C + freezing at −80 °C overnight + 1% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) for 2 days + 1% Triton-X-100 for 24 h (Protocol IV). After analysis, Protocols I and II showed the removal of cellular content and preservation of extracellular matrix (ECM) contents, unlike Protocols III and IV, which retracted the ECM and removed essential elements of the matrix. In theory, although Protocols I and II have similar results, Protocol II stands out for the preservation of the architecture and components of the extracellular matrix, along with reduced exposure time to reagents, making it the recommended protocol for the development of a canine myocardial scaffold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0)
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22 pages, 8682 KiB  
Article
Engineering 3D-Printed Bioresorbable Scaffold to Improve Non-Vascularized Fat Grafting: A Proof-of-Concept Study
by Amélia Jordao, Damien Cléret, Mélanie Dhayer, Mégann Le Rest, Shengheng Cao, Alexandre Rech, Nathalie Azaroual, Anne-Sophie Drucbert, Patrice Maboudou, Salim Dekiouk, Nicolas Germain, Julien Payen, Pierre Guerreschi and Philippe Marchetti
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3337; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123337 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting is the gold standard for treatment in patients with soft-tissue defects. However, the technique has a major limitation of unpredictable fat resorption due to insufficient blood supply in the initial phase after transplantation. To overcome this problem, we investigated the [...] Read more.
Autologous fat grafting is the gold standard for treatment in patients with soft-tissue defects. However, the technique has a major limitation of unpredictable fat resorption due to insufficient blood supply in the initial phase after transplantation. To overcome this problem, we investigated the capability of a medical-grade poly L-lactide-co-poly ε-caprolactone (PLCL) scaffold to support adipose tissue and vascular regeneration. Deploying FDM 3D-printing, we produced a bioresorbable porous scaffold with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion. The compressive modulus of printed scaffold mimicked the mechanical properties of native adipose tissue. In vitro assays demonstrated that PLCL scaffolds or their degradation products supported differentiation of preadipocytes into viable mature adipocytes under appropriate induction. Interestingly, the chorioallantoic membrane assay revealed vascular invasion inside the porous scaffold, which represented a guiding structure for ingrowing blood vessels. Then, lipoaspirate-seeded scaffolds were transplanted subcutaneously into the dorsal region of immunocompetent rats (n = 16) for 1 or 2 months. The volume of adipose tissue was maintained inside the scaffold over time. Histomorphometric evaluation discovered small- and normal-sized perilipin+ adipocytes (no hypertrophy) classically organized into lobular structures inside the scaffold. Adipose tissue was surrounded by discrete layers of fibrous connective tissue associated with CD68+ macrophage patches around the scaffold filaments. Adipocyte viability, assessed via TUNEL staining, was sustained by the presence of a high number of CD31-positive vessels inside the scaffold, confirming the CAM results. Overall, our study provides proof that 3D-printed PLCL scaffolds can be used to improve fat graft volume preservation and vascularization, paving the way for new therapeutic options for soft-tissue defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0)
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Review

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20 pages, 3245 KiB  
Review
Application of Artificial Intelligence at All Stages of Bone Tissue Engineering
by Ekaterina Kolomenskaya, Vera Butova, Artem Poltavskiy, Alexander Soldatov and Maria Butakova
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010076 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3062
Abstract
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical care in recent years and plays a vital role in a number of areas, such as diagnostics and forecasting. In this review, we discuss the most promising areas of AI application to the field [...] Read more.
The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical care in recent years and plays a vital role in a number of areas, such as diagnostics and forecasting. In this review, we discuss the most promising areas of AI application to the field of bone tissue engineering and prosthetics, which can drastically benefit from AI-assisted optimization and patient personalization of implants and scaffolds in ways ranging from visualization and real-time monitoring to the implantation cases prediction, thereby leveraging the compromise between specific architecture decisions, material choice, and synthesis procedure. With the emphasized crucial role of accuracy and robustness of developed AI algorithms, especially in bone tissue engineering, it was shown that rigorous validation and testing, demanding large datasets and extensive clinical trials, are essential, and we discuss how through developing multidisciplinary cooperation among biology, chemistry with materials science, and AI, these challenges can be addressed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0)
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19 pages, 1786 KiB  
Review
Human In Vitro Skin Models for Wound Healing and Wound Healing Disorders
by Elisabeth Hofmann, Julia Fink, Anna-Lisa Pignet, Anna Schwarz, Marlies Schellnegger, Sebastian P. Nischwitz, Judith C. J. Holzer-Geissler, Lars-Peter Kamolz and Petra Kotzbeck
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041056 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 11623
Abstract
Skin wound healing is essential to health and survival. Consequently, high amounts of research effort have been put into investigating the cellular and molecular components involved in the wound healing process. The use of animal experiments has contributed greatly to the knowledge of [...] Read more.
Skin wound healing is essential to health and survival. Consequently, high amounts of research effort have been put into investigating the cellular and molecular components involved in the wound healing process. The use of animal experiments has contributed greatly to the knowledge of wound healing, skin diseases, and the exploration of treatment options. However, in addition to ethical concerns, anatomical and physiological inter-species differences often influence the translatability of animal-based studies. Human in vitro skin models, which include essential cellular and structural components for wound healing analyses, would improve the translatability of results and reduce animal experiments during the preclinical evaluation of novel therapy approaches. In this review, we summarize in vitro approaches, which are used to study wound healing as well as wound healing-pathologies such as chronic wounds, keloids, and hypertrophic scars in a human setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0)
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17 pages, 1635 KiB  
Review
Modelling the Complexity of Human Skin In Vitro
by Elisabeth Hofmann, Anna Schwarz, Julia Fink, Lars-Peter Kamolz and Petra Kotzbeck
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 794; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030794 - 6 Mar 2023
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 12362
Abstract
The skin serves as an important barrier protecting the body from physical, chemical and pathogenic hazards as well as regulating the bi-directional transport of water, ions and nutrients. In order to improve the knowledge on skin structure and function as well as on [...] Read more.
The skin serves as an important barrier protecting the body from physical, chemical and pathogenic hazards as well as regulating the bi-directional transport of water, ions and nutrients. In order to improve the knowledge on skin structure and function as well as on skin diseases, animal experiments are often employed, but anatomical as well as physiological interspecies differences may result in poor translatability of animal-based data to the clinical situation. In vitro models, such as human reconstructed epidermis or full skin equivalents, are valuable alternatives to animal experiments. Enormous advances have been achieved in establishing skin models of increasing complexity in the past. In this review, human skin structures are described as well as the fast evolving technologies developed to reconstruct the complexity of human skin structures in vitro. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0)
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19 pages, 2790 KiB  
Review
Polypropylene Pelvic Mesh: What Went Wrong and What Will Be of the Future?
by Amelia Seifalian, Zeinab Basma, Alex Digesu and Vikram Khullar
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030741 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 7288
Abstract
Background: Polypropylene (PP) pelvic mesh is a synthetic mesh made of PP polymer used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Its use has become highly controversial due to reports of serious complications. This research critically reviews the current management options for POP and [...] Read more.
Background: Polypropylene (PP) pelvic mesh is a synthetic mesh made of PP polymer used to treat pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Its use has become highly controversial due to reports of serious complications. This research critically reviews the current management options for POP and PP mesh as a viable clinical application for the treatment of POP. The safety and suitability of PP material were rigorously studied and critically evaluated, with consideration to the mechanical and chemical properties of PP. We proposed the ideal properties of the ‘perfect’ synthetic pelvic mesh with emerging advanced materials. Methods: We performed a literature review using PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, including the relevant keywords: pelvic organ prolapse (POP), polypropylene mesh, synthetic mesh, and mesh complications. Results: The results of this review found that although PP is nontoxic, its physical properties demonstrate a significant mismatch between its viscoelastic properties compared to the surrounding tissue, which is a likely cause of complications. In addition, a lack of integration of PP mesh into surrounding tissue over longer periods of follow up is another risk factor for irreversible complications. Conclusions: PP mesh has caused a rise in reports of complications involving chronic pain and mesh exposure. This is due to the mechanical and physicochemical properties of PP mesh. As a result, PP mesh for the treatment of POP has been banned in multiple countries, currently with no alternative available. We propose the development of a pelvic mesh using advanced materials including emerging graphene-based nanocomposite materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration 2.0)
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