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Biomedicines
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Novel Progress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases
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Novel Progress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 18138

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kristine Griffett

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
Interests: nuclear receptors; NAFLD; NASH; metabolic disease; inflammation; drug discovery; pharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a spectrum of complications from simple steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. Recently, an increasing number of NAFLD patients have had accompanying co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and cardiovascular disease, leading to the designation of a new subtype of liver disease: metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). There is still some ongoing etymological debate regarding the etiology and diagnosis of MAFLD vs. NAFLD. This Special Issue will allow researchers and clinicians to clarify the commonalities and differences among these liver diseases so that we can better understand pathogenesis and therapeutic targets to design new and effective treatment options. Here, we will highlight articles in epidemiology, cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver disease, animal models to study NAFLD and MAFLD, as well as novel therapies, and clinical aspects of liver diseases as we currently understand them.

Dr. Kristine Griffett
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 994 KiB  
Article
The Efficacy of Anthropometric Indicators in Predicting Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Using FibroScan® CAP Values among the Taiwanese Population
by Meng-Szu Lee, Eva Belingon Felipe-Dimog, Jeng-Fu Yang, Yi-Yu Chen, Kuan-Ta Wu, Hsiang-Ju Kuo, Tzu-Chun Lin, Chao-Ling Wang, Meng-Hsuan Hsieh, Chia-Yi Lin, Batbold Batsaikhan, Chi-Kung Ho, Ming-Tsang Wu and Chia-Yen Dai
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2518; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092518 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1494
Abstract
The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement obtained from FibroScan® is a low-risk method of assessing fatty liver. This study investigated the association between the FibroScan® CAP values and nine anthropometric indicators, including the abdominal volume index (AVI), body fat percentage (BFP), [...] Read more.
The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurement obtained from FibroScan® is a low-risk method of assessing fatty liver. This study investigated the association between the FibroScan® CAP values and nine anthropometric indicators, including the abdominal volume index (AVI), body fat percentage (BFP), body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), ponderal index (PI), relative fat mass (RFM), waist circumference (WC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (fatty liver). We analyzed the medical records of adult patients who had FibroScan® CAP results. CAP values <238 dB/m were coded as 0 (non- fatty liver) and ≥238 dB/m as 1 (fatty liver). An individual is considered to have class 1 obesity when their body mass index (BMI) ranges from 30 kg/m2 to 34.9 kg/m2. Class 2 obesity is defined by a BMI ranging from 35 kg/m2 to 39.9 kg/m2, while class 3 obesity is designated by a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or higher. Out of 1763 subjects, 908 (51.5%) had fatty liver. The BMI, WHtR, and PI were found to be more strongly correlated with the CAP by the cluster dendrogram with correlation coefficients of 0.58, 0.54, and 0.54, respectively (all p < 0.0001). We found that 28.3% of the individuals without obesity had fatty liver, and 28.2% of the individuals with obesity did not have fatty liver. The BMI, CI, and PI were significant predictors of fatty liver. The BMI, PI, and WHtR demonstrated better predictive ability, indicated by AUC values of 0.72, 0.68, and 0.68, respectively, a finding that was echoed in our cluster group analysis that showed interconnected clustering with the CAP. Therefore, of the nine anthropometric indicators we studied, the BMI, CI, PI, and WHtR were found to be more effective in predicting the CAP score, i.e., fatty liver. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Progress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases)
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17 pages, 4319 KiB  
Article
gp130 Activates Mitochondrial Dynamics for Hepatocyte Survival in a Model of Steatohepatitis
by Daria Shunkina, Anastasia Dakhnevich, Egor Shunkin, Olga Khaziakhmatova, Valeria Shupletsova, Maria Vulf, Alexandra Komar, Elena Kirienkova and Larisa Litvinova
Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020396 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2370
Abstract
Obesity is the main cause of metabolic complications. Fatty liver infiltration is a companion of obesity. NAFLD is associated with impaired energy metabolism with an excess of nutrients. Mitochondrial dynamics are important for the regulation of energy balance, which regulates mitochondrial function, apoptosis, [...] Read more.
Obesity is the main cause of metabolic complications. Fatty liver infiltration is a companion of obesity. NAFLD is associated with impaired energy metabolism with an excess of nutrients. Mitochondrial dynamics are important for the regulation of energy balance, which regulates mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and mitophagy. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gp130 on the components of mitochondrial dynamics in a cellular model of steatohepatitis. Addition of IL-6/gp130 contributed to an increase in the percentage of live cells and a decrease in the percentage of dead and apoptotic cells. Addition of IL-6/gp130 increased the expression of NF-kB1 gene and mitochondrial dynamics markers (MFN2 and TFAM) in HepG2 with tBHP/Oleic. Addition of IL-6 or gp130 reduced the expression of cytoprotector genes (HSF1 and HSP70) in HepG2 cell cultures with tBHP/Oleic. Increased mitochondrial dynamics gene activity protected against HepG2 cell death in the steatohepatitis model. Trans-signaling resulted in increased TFAM and MAPLC3B, and decreased DNM1L gene expression in HepG2 with tBHP/Oleic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Progress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases)
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Review

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24 pages, 1303 KiB  
Review
Insight into the Inter-Organ Crosstalk and Prognostic Role of Liver-Derived MicroRNAs in Metabolic Disease Progression
by Bruno de Souza Goncalves, Avery Meadows, Duane G. Pereira, Raghav Puri and Sneha S. Pillai
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1597; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061597 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1987
Abstract
Dysfunctional hepatic metabolism has been linked to numerous diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the liver secretes a [...] Read more.
Dysfunctional hepatic metabolism has been linked to numerous diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the most common chronic liver disorder worldwide, which can progress to hepatic fibrosis, and is closely associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, the liver secretes a wide array of metabolites, biomolecules, and microRNAs (miRNAs) and many of these secreted factors exert significant effects on metabolic processes both in the liver and in peripheral tissues. In this review, we summarize the involvement of liver-derived miRNAs in biological processes with an emphasis on delineating the communication between the liver and other tissues associated with metabolic disease progression. Furthermore, the review identifies the primary molecular targets by which miRNAs act. These consolidated findings from numerous studies provide insight into the underlying mechanism of various metabolic disease progression and suggest the possibility of using circulatory miRNAs as prognostic predictors and therapeutic targets for improving clinical intervention strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Progress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases)
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15 pages, 1006 KiB  
Review
From NAFLD to MAFLD: Definition, Pathophysiological Basis and Cardiovascular Implications
by Andrea Boccatonda, Lorenzo Andreetto, Damiano D’Ardes, Giulio Cocco, Ilaria Rossi, Susanna Vicari, Cosima Schiavone, Francesco Cipollone and Maria Teresa Guagnano
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 883; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030883 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 11624
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver without another obvious cause (no excessive alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, toxins, viral infections, genetic hepatic diseases), therefore it is an exclusion diagnosis. The [...] Read more.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a chronic liver disease characterized by excessive fat accumulation in the liver without another obvious cause (no excessive alcohol consumption, hepatotoxic medications, toxins, viral infections, genetic hepatic diseases), therefore it is an exclusion diagnosis. The term NAFLD literally refers to non-alcohol related hepatopathy and does not adequately correlate with metabolic dysfunction and related cardiovascular risks. Therefore, researchers and scientific societies have moved towards changing the terminology. The novel nomenclature for a metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed in 2020 by a group of experts to overcome the issues related to the old terminology. The diagnosis of MAFLD is based on the presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one between these three conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity or metabolic dysregulation. MAFLD has been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. It is better related to the main risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases than NAFLD, such as dyslipidemia, T2DM and hypertension. The aim of this review is to highlight the reasons why the term NAFLD is moving to the term MAFLD, what are the conceptual basis of this choice and its clinical implications, particularly in the cardiovascular field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Progress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases)
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