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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility
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Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 35926

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Viviana di Giacomo

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
Interests: biomaterials; bone regeneration, stem cells; oxidative stress; apoptosis; neuroprotection; antitumoral drugs; cell culture; in vitro systems; flow cytometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Agata Przekora

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
Interests: biomaterials; bioceramics; biopolymers; tissue engineering; bone scaffolds; wound dressings; skin substitutes; stem cells; cell culture models; cell-biomaterial interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to interact with biological systems for a medical purpose. Biomaterials may be natural or synthetic and are used in medical applications to support, enhance, or replace damaged tissue or a biological function. For years, biomaterials have been required to passively take over the function of a damaged tissue in the long term. However, the role that biomaterials play in the clinical treatment of damaged organs and tissues is changing, and biomaterials are currently expected to trigger and harness the self-regenerative potential of the body in situ. To this aim, research is currently focused on changes in various aspects of biomaterials in order to improve their biocompatibility, i.e., the ability to perform with an appropriate host response.

This Special Issue’s Editors invite original contributions and review articles that address the modification of biomaterial aiming to enhance their biocompatibility in various fields of application. These include but are not limited to medical implants, healing and regeneration of human tissue, nanoparticles, and drug delivery systems.

Prof. Dr. Viviana di Giacomo
Prof. Dr. Agata Przekora
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • bone regeneration
  • wound healing
  • regenerative medicine
  • cardiac valve
  • skin
  • nanoparticle
  • drug delivery
  • biocompatibility

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 3991 KiB  
Article
Injectable Crosslinked Genipin Hybrid Gelatin–PVA Hydrogels for Future Use as Bioinks in Expediting Cutaneous Healing Capacity: Physicochemical Characterisation and Cytotoxicity Evaluation
by Syafira Masri, Manira Maarof, Nor Fatimah Mohd, Yosuke Hiraoka, Yasuhiko Tabata and Mh Busra Fauzi
Biomedicines 2022, 10(10), 2651; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102651 - 20 Oct 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
The irregular shape and depth of wounds could be the major hurdles in wound healing for the common three-dimensional foam, sheet, or film treatment design. The injectable hydrogel is a splendid alternate technique to enhance healing efficiency post-implantation via injectable or 3D-bioprinting technologies. [...] Read more.
The irregular shape and depth of wounds could be the major hurdles in wound healing for the common three-dimensional foam, sheet, or film treatment design. The injectable hydrogel is a splendid alternate technique to enhance healing efficiency post-implantation via injectable or 3D-bioprinting technologies. The authentic combination of natural and synthetic polymers could potentially enhance the injectability and biocompatibility properties. Thus, the purpose of this study was to characterise a hybrid gelatin–PVA hydrogel crosslinked with genipin (GNP; natural crosslinker). In brief, gelatin (GE) and PVA were prepared in various concentrations (w/v): GE, GPVA3 (3% PVA), and GPVA5 (5% PVA), followed by a 0.1% (w/v) genipin (GNP) crosslink, to achieve polymerisation in three minutes. The physicochemical and biocompatibility properties were further evaluated. GPVA3_GNP and GPVA5_GNP with GNP demonstrated excellent physicochemical properties compared to GE_GNP and non-crosslinked hydrogels. GPVA5_GNP significantly displayed the optimum swelling ratio (621.1 ± 93.18%) and excellent hydrophilicity (38.51 ± 2.58°). In addition, GPVA5_GNP showed an optimum biodegradation rate (0.02 ± 0.005 mg/h) and the highest mechanical strength with the highest compression modulus (2.14 ± 0.06 MPa). In addition, the surface and cross-sectional view for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed that all of the GPVA hydrogels have optimum average pore sizes (100–199 μm) with interconnected pores. There were no substantial changes in chemical analysis, including FTIR, XRD, and EDX, after PVA and GNP intervention. Furthermore, GPVA hydrogels influenced the cell biocompatibility, which successfully indicated >85% of cell viability. In conclusion, gelatin–PVA hydrogels crosslinked with GNP were proven to have excellent physicochemical, mechanical, and biocompatibility properties, as required for potential bioinks for chronic wound healing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility)
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15 pages, 2380 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Fine Polyethylene Hernia Meshes Improve Biocompatibility and Reduce Intraperitoneal Adhesions in IPOM Position in Animal Models
by Marius J. Helmedag, Daniel Heise, Roman M. Eickhoff, Sophia M. Schmitz, Mare Mechelinck, Caroline Emonts, Tim Bolle, Thomas Gries, Ulf Peter Neumann, Christian Daniel Klink and Andreas Lambertz
Biomedicines 2022, 10(6), 1294; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061294 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2289
Abstract
(1) Introduction: The intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique (IPOM) is widely used to repair incisional hernias. This method has advantages but suffers from complications due to intraperitoneal adhesion formation between the mesh and intestine. An ideal mesh minimizes adhesions and shows good biocompatibility. To [...] Read more.
(1) Introduction: The intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique (IPOM) is widely used to repair incisional hernias. This method has advantages but suffers from complications due to intraperitoneal adhesion formation between the mesh and intestine. An ideal mesh minimizes adhesions and shows good biocompatibility. To address this, newly developed multifilamentous polyethylene (PET) meshes were constructed from sub-macrophage-sized monofilaments and studied regarding biocompatibility and adhesion formation. (2) Methods: We investigated fine (FPET, 72 filaments, 11 µm diameter each) and ultra-fine multifilament (UFPET, 700 filaments, 3 µm diameter each) polyethylene meshes for biocompatibility in subcutaneous implantation in rats. Adhesion formation was analyzed in the IPOM position in rabbits. Geometrically identical mono-filamentous polypropylene (PP) Bard Soft® PP meshes were used for comparison. Histologic and immune-histologic foreign body reactions were assessed in 48 rats after 7 or 21 days (four mesh types, with two different mesh types per rat; n = 6 per mesh type). Additionally, two different mesh types each were placed in the IPOM position in 24 rabbits to compile the Diamond peritoneal adhesion score after the same timeframes. The biocompatibility and adhesion score differences were analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric statistical test. (3) Results: Overall, FPET and, especially, UFPET showed significantly smaller foreign body granulomas compared to PP meshes. Longer observation periods enhanced the differences. Immunohistology showed no significant differences in the cellular immune response and proliferation. UFPET demonstrated significantly reduced peritoneal adhesion formation compared to all other tested meshes after 21 days. (4) Conclusions: Overall, FPET and, especially, UFPET demonstrated their suitability for IPOM hernia meshes in animal models by improving major aspects of the foreign body reaction and reducing adhesion formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility)
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9 pages, 2203 KiB  
Article
Air Plasma Functionalization of Electrospun Nanofibers for Skin Tissue Engineering
by Abolfazl Mozaffari and Mazeyar Parvinzadeh Gashti
Biomedicines 2022, 10(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030617 - 7 Mar 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3427
Abstract
Nowadays, gelatin, a molecular derivative of collagen, has gained increasing interest in tissue engineering applications due to excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, availability, process simplicity, and low costs. In this study, we fabricated tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin nanofibers by electrospinning method. In order to increase the [...] Read more.
Nowadays, gelatin, a molecular derivative of collagen, has gained increasing interest in tissue engineering applications due to excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, availability, process simplicity, and low costs. In this study, we fabricated tannic acid-crosslinked gelatin nanofibers by electrospinning method. In order to increase the bio-functionality of scaffolds, they were exposed to the atmospheric air plasma. Several analytical tools were used for evaluation of nanofibers including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and water contact angle equipment (CA) together with biocompatibility study using fibroblast cells. Results demonstrated that atmospheric air plasma is not only able to improve the hydrophilicity of nanofibers but it also improves the bio-functionality against human skin fibroblast cells. Hence, we recommend atmospheric air plasma pre-treatment approach for the surface functionalization of gelatin nanofibers for skin tissue engineering applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility)
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Review

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44 pages, 3300 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review on Collagen Type I Development of Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: From Biosynthesis to Bioscaffold
by Ibrahim N. Amirrah, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Izzat Zulkiflee, M. F. Mohd Razip Wee, Antonella Motta and Mh Busra Fauzi
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2307; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092307 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 99 | Viewed by 17883
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant structural protein found in humans and mammals, particularly in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Its primary function is to hold the body together. The collagen superfamily of proteins includes over 20 types that have been identified. Yet, collagen type [...] Read more.
Collagen is the most abundant structural protein found in humans and mammals, particularly in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Its primary function is to hold the body together. The collagen superfamily of proteins includes over 20 types that have been identified. Yet, collagen type I is the major component in many tissues and can be extracted as a natural biomaterial for various medical and biological purposes. Collagen has multiple advantageous characteristics, including varied sources, biocompatibility, sustainability, low immunogenicity, porosity, and biodegradability. As such, collagen-type-I-based bioscaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering. Biomaterials based on collagen type I can also be modified to improve their functions, such as by crosslinking to strengthen the mechanical property or adding biochemical factors to enhance their biological activity. This review discusses the complexities of collagen type I structure, biosynthesis, sources for collagen derivatives, methods of isolation and purification, physicochemical characteristics, and the current development of collagen-type-I-based scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The advancement of additional novel tissue engineered bioproducts with refined techniques and continuous biomaterial augmentation is facilitated by understanding the conventional design and application of biomaterials based on collagen type I. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility)
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27 pages, 2010 KiB  
Review
Combination Strategies of Different Antimicrobials: An Efficient and Alternative Tool for Pathogen Inactivation
by Nagaraj Basavegowda and Kwang-Hyun Baek
Biomedicines 2022, 10(9), 2219; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10092219 - 7 Sep 2022
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 3789
Abstract
Despite the discovery and development of an array of antimicrobial agents, multidrug resistance poses a major threat to public health and progressively increases mortality. Recently, several studies have focused on developing promising solutions to overcome these problems. This has led to the development [...] Read more.
Despite the discovery and development of an array of antimicrobial agents, multidrug resistance poses a major threat to public health and progressively increases mortality. Recently, several studies have focused on developing promising solutions to overcome these problems. This has led to the development of effective alternative methods of controlling antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The use of antimicrobial agents in combination can produce synergistic effects if each drug invades a different target or signaling pathway with a different mechanism of action. Therefore, drug combinations can achieve a higher probability and selectivity of therapeutic responses than single drugs. In this systematic review, we discuss the combined effects of different antimicrobial agents, such as plant extracts, essential oils, and nanomaterials. Furthermore, we review their synergistic interactions and antimicrobial activities with the mechanism of action, toxicity, and future directions of different antimicrobial agents in combination. Upon combination at an optimum synergistic ratio, two or more drugs can have a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect at lower concentrations. Hence, using drug combinations could be a new, simple, and effective alternative to solve the problem of antibiotic resistance and reduce susceptibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility)
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19 pages, 847 KiB  
Review
Biocompatibility of Surface-Modified Membranes for Chronic Hemodialysis Therapy
by Mario Bonomini, Luca Piscitani, Lorenzo Di Liberato and Vittorio Sirolli
Biomedicines 2022, 10(4), 844; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10040844 - 3 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4199
Abstract
Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining therapy for millions of people worldwide. However, despite considerable technical and scientific improvements, results are still not fully satisfactory in terms of morbidity and mortality. The membrane contained in the hemodialyzer is undoubtedly the main determinant of the success [...] Read more.
Hemodialysis is a life-sustaining therapy for millions of people worldwide. However, despite considerable technical and scientific improvements, results are still not fully satisfactory in terms of morbidity and mortality. The membrane contained in the hemodialyzer is undoubtedly the main determinant of the success and quality of hemodialysis therapy. Membrane properties influence solute removal and the interactions with blood components that define the membrane’s biocompatibility. Bioincompatibility is considered a potential contributor to several uremic complications. Thus, the development of more biocompatible polymers used as hemodialyzer membrane is of utmost importance for improving results and clinical patient outcomes. Many different surface-modified membranes for hemodialysis have been manufactured over recent years by varying approaches in the attempt to minimize blood incompatibility. Their main characteristics and clinical results in hemodialysis patients were reviewed in the present article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterial Modifications and Improvement of Their Biocompatibility)
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