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Biomimetics
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The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials
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The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials

A special issue of Biomimetics (ISSN 2313-7673). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomimetics of Materials and Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 16020

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Haocheng Quan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
Interests: biological materials; hierarchical structure; bioinspiration; adhesion; wearables
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Wei Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
Interests: biomaterials and biomineralization; nanomechanics; bioinspired composites
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials are those natural or synthetic materials designed to interact with biological systems for therapeutical purposes. Due to the complexity of the working environment, the mechanical properties of biomaterials are vital for them to endure the erratic stresses imposed by various dynamic stimuli and competently complete the intended tasks, such as sensing or monitoring the tissue lesion, replacing dysfunctional organs, supporting tissue regeneration, or delivering effective medicines. In this regard, we frame this Special Issue of Biomimetics to report the latest advances in studying the mechanical properties of biomaterials, as well as to review the recent progress achieved in the related fields. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following aspects:

  • Mechanical response (stress/strain/time relationships) of biomaterials;
  • Theoretical and experimental fracture mechanics of tissues and implants;
  • The impact behavior of tissues and medical devices;
  • 3D printing of biomaterials and their mechanical properties
  • Adhesion properties of wearable sensors and therapeutic coverings;
  • Tribological study of the interface between biomaterials and human tissues;
  • Advances in the structural and mechanical characterization of biomaterials in both laboratory and clinical scenario;
  • Mechanobiology, including the response of cells, tissues and living materials to mechanical stimuli;
  • Bioinspired/biomimetic structural materials for medical applications.
  • Biomineralization processes in mineralized tissues and their effects on mechanical properties

Dr. Haocheng Quan
Prof. Dr. Wei Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomimetics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural and synthetic biomaterials
  • mechanical responses
  • fracture mechanics
  • impact resistance
  • adhesion
  • tribology and friction
  • structural characterization
  • mechanical testing
  • mechanobiology
  • bioinspiration/biomimetic
  • biomineralization
  • additive manufacturing

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 4468 KiB  
Article
Preservation of Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Porcine Cardiac Outflow Vessels after Decellularization and Wet Storage
by David Sergeevichev, Maria Vasiliyeva, Elena Kuznetsova and Boris Chelobanov
Biomimetics 2023, 8(3), 315; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8030315 - 17 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1568
Abstract
Widely used storage methods, including freezing or chemical modification, preserve the sterility of biological tissues but degrade the mechanical properties of materials used to make heart valve prostheses. Therefore, wet storage remains the most optimal option for biomaterials. Three biocidal solutions (an antibiotic [...] Read more.
Widely used storage methods, including freezing or chemical modification, preserve the sterility of biological tissues but degrade the mechanical properties of materials used to make heart valve prostheses. Therefore, wet storage remains the most optimal option for biomaterials. Three biocidal solutions (an antibiotic mixture, an octanediol-phenoxyethanol complex solution, and a glycerol-ethanol mixture) were studied for the storage of native and decellularized porcine aorta and pulmonary trunk. Subsequent mechanical testing and microstructural analysis showed a slight increase in the tensile strength of native and decellularized aorta in the longitudinal direction. Pulmonary trunk elongation increased 1.3–1.6 times in the longitudinal direction after decellularization only. The microstructures of the tested specimens showed no differences before and after wet storage. Thus, two months of wet storage of native and decellularized porcine aorta and pulmonary trunks does not significantly affect the strength and elastic properties of the material. The wet storage protocol using alcohol solutions of glycerol or octanediol-phenoxyethanol mixture may be intended for further fabrication of extracellular matrix for tissue-engineered biological heart valve prostheses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials)
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14 pages, 9639 KiB  
Article
Cellulose–Hemicellulose–Lignin Interaction in the Secondary Cell Wall of Coconut Endocarp
by Sharmi Mazumder and Ning Zhang
Biomimetics 2023, 8(2), 188; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8020188 - 4 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3201
Abstract
The coconut shell consists of three distinct layers: the skin-like outermost exocarp, the thick fibrous mesocarp, and the hard and tough inner endocarp. In this work, we focused on the endocarp because it features a unique combination of superior properties, including low weight, [...] Read more.
The coconut shell consists of three distinct layers: the skin-like outermost exocarp, the thick fibrous mesocarp, and the hard and tough inner endocarp. In this work, we focused on the endocarp because it features a unique combination of superior properties, including low weight, high strength, high hardness, and high toughness. These properties are usually mutually exclusive in synthesized composites. The microstructures of the secondary cell wall of the endocarp at the nanoscale, in which cellulose microfibrils are surrounded by hemicellulose and lignin, were generated. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations with PCFF force field were conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanisms under uniaxial shear and tension. Steered molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the interaction between different types of polymer chains. The results demonstrated that cellulose–hemicellulose and cellulose–lignin exhibit the strongest and weakest interactions, respectively. This conclusion was further validated against the DFT calculations. Additionally, through shear simulations of sandwiched polymer models, it was found that cellulose–hemicellulose-cellulose exhibits the highest strength and toughness, while cellulose–lignin-cellulose shows the lowest strength and toughness among all tested cases. This conclusion was further confirmed by uniaxial tension simulations of sandwiched polymer models. It was revealed that hydrogen bonds formed between the polymer chains are responsible for the observed strengthening and toughening behaviors. Additionally, it was interesting to note that failure mode under tension varies with the density of amorphous polymers located between cellulose bundles. The failure mode of multilayer polymer models under tension was also investigated. The findings of this work could potentially provide guidelines for the design of coconut-inspired lightweight cellular materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 1614 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Microbiological Resistance of Polyfilament and Monofilament Suture Materials Used in the Operation “Tooth Extraction”
by Alexey A. Pcheliakov, Ekaterina Yu. Diachkova, Yuriy L. Vasil’ev, Oxana A. Svitich, Alexander V. Poddubikov, Stanislav A. Evlashin, Beatrice A. Volel, Anastasia A. Bakhmet, Svetlana V. Klochkova, Ellina V. Velichko, Natalia Tiunova and Svetlana V. Tarasenko
Biomimetics 2023, 8(1), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010129 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2726
Abstract
In surgical dentistry, suture material is the only foreign body that remains in the tissues after surgery, and it can lead to several negative reactions, for example, infection of the wound. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and [...] Read more.
In surgical dentistry, suture material is the only foreign body that remains in the tissues after surgery, and it can lead to several negative reactions, for example, infection of the wound. The purpose of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and microbiological resistance of mono- and polyfilament suture materials used in tooth extraction operations. The study of elongation and knot force was carried out on an Instron 5969 Dual Column Testing System device. The capillarity of the materials was studied on a setup assembled by the authors manually by immersing the ends of the filaments in a colored manganese solution. A microbiological study was carried out on the threads taken for the experiment immediately after wound suturing, and on day 7, at which time they were removed. The comparison was made according to Rothia mucilaginosa, Streptococcus sanguinis, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Results: monofilament suture materials (Prolene and Glycolon), after calculating the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney indices, showed better performance in all experiments compared to polyfilament sutures (Vicryl and PGA). In capillarity comparison, there was a significant difference between groups (p = 0.00018). According to the sum of the results of three microbiological studies on day 7, monofilament suture materials absorbed less of the studied bacteria on their surface compared to the polyfilament ones (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Of the studied suture materials, Prolene had the best microbiological resistance and good mechanical properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials)
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11 pages, 2583 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Behavior of Bamboo-Like Structures under Transversal Compressive Loading
by Siyi Wang, Jiayang Wang and Kyriakos Komvopoulos
Biomimetics 2023, 8(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010103 - 5 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2619
Abstract
Inspired by many biological structures in nature, biomimetic structures demonstrate significantly better mechanical performance than traditional engineering structures. The exceptional mechanical properties of natural materials are attributed to the hierarchical architecture of their structure. Consequently, the implementation of biomimetic structures in the design [...] Read more.
Inspired by many biological structures in nature, biomimetic structures demonstrate significantly better mechanical performance than traditional engineering structures. The exceptional mechanical properties of natural materials are attributed to the hierarchical architecture of their structure. Consequently, the implementation of biomimetic structures in the design of lightweight structures with tailored mechanical properties has been constantly increasing in many fields of science and engineering. The bamboo structure is of particular interest because it combines a light weight and excellent mechanical properties, often surpassing those of several engineering materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of bamboo-inspired structures subjected to transversal compressive loading. Structures consisting of bamboo-like thin-walled hexagonal building blocks (unit cells) with different dimensions were fabricated by stereolithography 3D printing and their mechanical performance was evaluated by mechanical testing, high-speed camera video recordings, and finite element simulations. The results of the elastic modulus, yield strength, and strain energy density at fracture were interpreted in terms of characteristic dimensions of the unit cell structure. The failure process was elucidated in the light of images of the fractured structures and simulation strain maps. The results of this study demonstrate that ultralight bamboo-like structures with specific mechanical characteristics can be produced by optimizing the dimensions and number density of the hexagonal unit cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials)
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Review

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19 pages, 2835 KiB  
Review
Bone Apatite Nanocrystal: Crystalline Structure, Chemical Composition, and Architecture
by Bin Wang, Zuoqi Zhang and Haobo Pan
Biomimetics 2023, 8(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010090 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4884
Abstract
The biological and mechanical functions of bone rely critically on the inorganic constituent, which can be termed as bone apatite nanocrystal. It features a hydroxylapatite-like crystalline structure, complex chemical compositions (e.g., carbonate-containing and calcium- and hydroxyl-deficient), and fine geometries and properties. The long [...] Read more.
The biological and mechanical functions of bone rely critically on the inorganic constituent, which can be termed as bone apatite nanocrystal. It features a hydroxylapatite-like crystalline structure, complex chemical compositions (e.g., carbonate-containing and calcium- and hydroxyl-deficient), and fine geometries and properties. The long research with vast literature across broad spectra of disciplines and fields from chemistry, crystallography, and mineralogy, to biology, medical sciences, materials sciences, mechanics, and engineering has produced a wealth of knowledge on the bone apatite nanocrystal. This has generated significant impacts on bioengineering and industrial engineering, e.g., in developing new biomaterials with superior osteo-inductivities and in inspiring novel strong and tough composites, respectively. Meanwhile, confusing and inconsistent understandings on the bone mineral constituent should be addressed to facilitate further multidisciplinary progress. In this review, we present a mineralogical account of the bone-related ideal apatite mineral and then a brief historical overview of bone mineral research. These pave the road to understanding the bone apatite nanocrystal via a material approach encompassing crystalline structure, diverse chemical formulae, and interesting architecture and properties, from which several intriguing research questions emerge for further explorations. Through providing the classical and latest findings with decent clearness and adequate breadth, this review endeavors to promote research advances in a variety of related science and engineering fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials)
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